Quantum computation and quantum information theory : reprint volume with introductory notes for ISI TMR Network School, 12-23 July 1999, Villa Gualino, Torino, Italy

Quantum information theory has revolutionised our view on the true nature of information and has led to such intriguing topics as teleportation and quantum computation. The field - by its very nature strongly interdisciplinary, with deep roots in the foundations both of quantum mechanics and of information theory and computer science - has become a major subject for scientists working in fields as diverse as quantum optics, superconductivity or information theory, all the way to computer engineers.;Contents -- Preface -- Introductory Concepts -- 1. Introductory Concepts -- 1.1 Multiparticle Interferometry and the Superposition Principle -- 1.2 Quantum Entanglement: A Fundamental Concept Finding its Applications -- 1.3 Experiment and the Foundations of Quantum Physics ""Contents "" ""Preface "" ""Introductory Concepts "" ""1. Introductory Concepts "" ""1.1 Multiparticle Interferometry and the Superposition Principle "" ""1.2 Quantum Entanglement: A Fundamental Concept Finding its Applications "" ""1.3 Experiment and the Foundations of Quantum Physics "" ""Quantum Entanglement Manipulation """"2. Quantum Entanglement Manipulation "" ""2.1 Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classic and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Channels "" ""2.2 Experimental Quantum Teleportation "" ""2.3 Teleportation of Continuous Quantum Variables "" ""2.4 Going Beyond Bell's Theorem """"2.5 What is Wrong with These Elements of Reality "" ""2.6 Observation of Three-Photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger Entanglement "" ""Quantum Algorithms "" ""3. Quantum Algorithms "" ""3.1 An Overview of Quantum Computing "" ""3.2 On Quantum Algorithms "" ""Quantum Complexity """"4. An Introduction to Quantum Complexity Theory "" ""Quantum Error Correction "" ""5. Quantum Error Correction "" ""5.1 Scheme for Reducing Decoherence in Quantum Computer Memory "" ""5.2 Error Correcting Codes in Quantum Theory "" ""5.3 Class of Quantum Error-Correcting Codes Saturating the Quantum Hamming Bound """"5.4 Fault-Tolerant Error Correction with Efficient Quantum Codes "" ""Quantum Channels "" ""6. Quantum Channels "" ""6.1 General Scheme of Measurement Processes "" Quantum information theory has revolutionised our view on the true nature of information and has led to such intriguing topics as teleportation and quantum computation. The field -- by its very nature strongly interdisciplinary, with deep roots in the foundations both of quantum mechanics and of information theory and computer science -- has become a major subject for scientists working in fields as diverse as quantum optics, superconductivity or information theory, all the way to computer engineers.The aim of this book is to provide guidance and introduce the broad literature in all the various aspects of quantum information theory. The topics covered range from the fundamental aspects of the theory, like quantum algorithms and quantum complexity, to the technological aspects of the design of quantum-information-processing devices. Each section of the book consists of a selection of key papers (with particular attention to their tutorial value), chosen and introduced by leading scientists in the specific area. An entirely new introduction to quantum complexity has been specially written for the book. Quantum information theory has revolutionised our view on the true nature of information and has led to such intriguing topics as teleportation and quantum computation. The field -- by its very nature strongly interdisciplinary, with deep roots in the foundations both of quantum mechanics and of information theory and computer science -- has become a major subject for scientists working in fields as diverse as quantum optics, superconductivity or information theory, all the way to computer engineers. The aim of this book is to provide guidance and introduce the broad literature in all the various aspects of quantum information theory. The topics covered range from the fundamental aspects of the theory, like quantum algorithms and quantum complexity, to the technological aspects of the design of quantum-information-processing devices. Each section of the book consists of a selection of key papers (with particular attention to their tutorial value), chosen and introduced by leading scientists in the specific area. An entirely new introduction to quantum complexity has been specially written for the book The aim of this text is to provide guidance and introduce the broad literature in all the various aspects of quantum information theory. Topics covered range from the fundamental aspects of the theory to the technological aspects of the design of quantum-information-processing devices. Discussing the particle analog of Thomas Young's classic double-slit experiment, Richard Feynman wrote in 1964 that it "has in it the heart of quantum mechanics.