Quality of Life, Balance of Power and Nuclear Weapons : a Statistical Yearbook for Statesmen and Citizens, 2008 / Volume 1

This statistical annual presents fundamental data in four sections: (1) Quality of Life, (2) Balance of Power, (3) Developed Market Economies since 1960, and (4) Economic History since 1500. It contains data that is generally not available elsewhere. Sections 1 and 2 give statistics for 230 countries. The World Bank and Encyclopedia Britannica provide statistical data for a maximum of about 160 countries. The actual number of countries in World Bank statistical tables is even smaller. The CIA World Factbook gives data for about 230 countries but that data is limited in scope and is imprecise. Other statistical publications are even less satisfactory. The author has managed to increase the number of countries tallied by writing proprietary software utilizing statistical regressions, selecting data which, first of all, is important and, second, which allows for high correlation coefficients for these regressions. Section 2 includes data about nuclear delivery systems and the number of nuclear warheads of all nuclear powers. This is based on information from reputable sources. Among others, it includes estimates of the Israeli nuclear arsenal which usually do not appear in the press.Official estimates of Russian military expenditures distributed by US and British intelligence communities are methodologically flawed. Such estimates claim to give a picture of military expenditures of the countries of the world at market exchange rates; at the same time, they apparently cite Russian military expense figures at purchasing power parity, thus inflating these numbers in comparison to those of other countries. Such deceptive practices of the Anglo-American intelligence services are counter-balanced by presenting two different tables, showing military expenditures estimates both at market exchange rates and by purchasing power parities. Members of the US Congress and others who care about the foundations of power politics in the nuclear age will find facts that speak for themselves in this novel yearbook. Machine Derived Contents Note: Table Of Contents -- Introduction 1 -- 1. Quality Of Life 5 -- Table 1.1 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, 2005 5 -- Table 1.2 Infant Mortality Rate Per 1,000 Live Births, 2005 10 -- Table 1.3 Life Expectancy At Birth, 2005 15 -- Table 1.4 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp Per Capita, 2005 20 -- Table 1.5 Economic Quality-of-life Index, 2005 25 -- Table 1.6 Societal Integration Index, Degree Of Openness In Political Process, 2005 30 -- Table 1.7 Civil And Political Rights Index, 2005 35 -- Table 1.8 Human Development Index, 2004 40 -- Table 1.9 Gini Coefficient Of Income Inequality, 2005 45 -- Table 1.10 Human Rights Index, 2005 50 -- Table 1.11 Economico-political Quality-of-life Index, 2005 55 -- 2. Balance Of Power 61 -- Table 2.1 Population, Thousands, 2005 61 -- Table 2.2 Gdp At Purchasing Power Parities, 2005 66 -- Table 2.3 Gni At Market Exchange Rates, 2005 71 -- Table 2.4 Armed Forces, Thousands, 2005 76 --^ Table 2.5 Military Expenditures As Share Of Gdp, Percent, 2005 81 -- Table 2.6 Foreign Military Aid, 2005 86 -- Table 2.7 Military Expenditures At Ppp, 2005 91 -- Table 2.8 Military Expenditures At Market Exchange Rates, 2005 96 -- Table 2.9 Operational Offensive Nuclear Delivery Systems, 2006 101 -- Table 2.10 Operational Nuclear Warheads, 2006, Strategic 106 -- Table 2.11 Operational Nuclear Warheads, 2006, Sub-strategic 106 -- Table 2.12 Operational Nuclear Warheads, 2006, Total Strategic And Sub-strategic 106 -- Table 2.13 States And Weapons Of Mass Destruction, 2006 107 -- 3. Developed Market Economies 109 -- Table 3.1 Gni Per Capita At Market Exchange Rate 109 -- Table 3.1.1 Gni Per Capita At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1970 109 -- Table 3.1.2 Gni Per Capita At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1980 110 -- Table 3.1.3 Gni Per Capita At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1990 111 -- Table 3.1.4 Gni Per Capita At Market Exchange Rates, Year 2000 112 --^ Table 3.1.5 Gni Per Capita At Market Exchange Rates, Year 2005 113 -- Table 3.1.6 Growth Rates Of Gni Per Capita, Years 1970¿2005 114 -- Table 3.2 Gdp Per Capita At Ppp Of Developed Market Economies 115 -- Table 3.2.1 Gdp Per Capita At Ppp, Year 1970 115 -- Table 3.2.2 Gdp Per Capita At Ppp, Year 1980 116 -- Table 3.2.3 Gdp Per Capita At Ppp, Year 1990 117 -- Table 3.2.4 Gdp Per Capita At Ppp, Year 2000 118 -- Table 3.2.5 Gdp Per Capita At Ppp, Year 2005 119 -- Table 3.2.6 Growth Rates Of Gdp Per Capita At Ppp, 1970¿2005 120 -- Table 3.3 Infant Mortality Of Developed Market Economies 121 -- Table 3.3.1 Infant Mortality, Year 1960 121 -- Table 3.3.2 Infant Mortality, Year 1970 122 -- Table 3.3.3 Infant Mortality, Year 1980 123 -- Table 3.3.4 Infant Mortality, Year 1990 124 -- Table 3.3.5 Infant Mortality, Year 2000 125 -- Table 3.3.6 Infant Mortality, Year 2005 126 -- Table 3.3.7 Decrease Rates Of Infant Mortality Of 1960¿2005 127 --^ Table 3.4 Life Expectancy, Developed Market Economies 128 -- Table 3.4.1 Life Expectancy, Year 1960 128 -- Table 3.4.2 Life Expectancy, Year 1970 129 -- Table 3.4.3 Life Expectancy, Year 1980 130 -- Table 3.4.4 Life Expectancy, Year 1990 131 -- Table 3.4.5 Life Expectancy, Year 2000 132 -- Table 3.4.6 Life Expectancy, Year 2005 133 -- Table 3.4.7 Growth Rates Of Life Expectancy 1960¿2005 134 -- Table 3.5 Health Expenditures Of Year 2004 135 -- Table 3.5.1 Total Health Expenditures As Percent Of Gdp 135 -- Table 3.5.2 Public Health Expenditures As Percent Of Total Health Expenditures 136 -- Table 3.6 Taxes In Developed Market Economies 137 -- Table 3.6.1 Taxes As Share Of Gdp, Year 1970 137 -- Table 3.6.2 Taxes As Share Of Gdp, Year 1980 138 -- Table 3.6.3 Taxes As Share Of Gdp, Year 1990 139 -- Table 3.6.4 Taxes As Share Of Gdp, Year 2000 140 -- Table 3.6.5 Taxes As Share Of Gdp, Year 2005 141 -- Table 3.6.6 Growth Rates Of Taxes As Share Of Gdp 1970¿2005 142 --^ 4. Economic History, 1500¿2005 143 -- Table 4.1 Population, Thousands 143 -- Table 4.1.1 Population, Thousands, Year 1500 143 -- Table 4.1.2 Population, Thousands, Year 1600 145 -- Table 4.1.3 Population, Thousands, Year 1700 146 -- Table 4.1.4 Population, Thousands, Year 1820 147 -- Table 4.1.5 Population, Thousands, Year 1870 148 -- Table 4.1.6 Population, Thousands, Year 1880 149 -- Table 4.1.7 Population, Thousands, Year 1890 150 -- Table 4.1.8 Population, Thousands, Year 1900 151 -- Table 4.1.9 Population, Thousands, Year 1913 152 -- Table 4.1.10 Population, Thousands, Year 1920 153 -- Table 4.1.11 Population, Thousands, Year 1929 154 -- Table 4.1.12 Population, Thousands, Year 1938 155 -- Table 4.1.13 Population, Thousands, Year 1950 156 -- Table 4.1.14 Population, Thousands, Year 1960 157 -- Table 4.1.15 Population, Thousands, Year 1970 158 -- Table 4.1.16 Population, Thousands, Year 1980 159 -- Table 4.1.17 Population, Thousands, Year 1990 160 --^ Table 4.1.18 Population, Thousands, Year 2000 161 -- Table 4.1.19 Population, Thousands, Year 2005 162 -- Table 4.2 Gross Domestic Product At Purchasing Power Parities 163 -- Table 4.2.1 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1500 163 -- Table 4.2.2 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1600 165 -- Table 4.2.3 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1700 166 -- Table 4.2.4 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1820 167 -- Table 4.2.5 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1870 168 -- Table 4.2.6 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1880 169 -- Table 4.2.7 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1890 170 -- Table 4.2.8 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1900 171 -- Table 4.2.9 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1913 172 -- Table 4.2.10 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1920 173 -- Table 4.2.11 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1929 174 -- Table 4.2.12 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1938 175 -- Table 4.2.13 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1950 176 --^ Table 4.2.14 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1960 177 -- Table 4.2.15 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1970 178 -- Table 4.2.16 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1980 179 -- Table 4.2.17 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 1990 180 -- Table 4.2.18 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 2000 181 -- Table 4.2.19 Gross Domestic Product At Ppp, Year 2005 182 -- Table 4.3 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates 183 -- Table 4.3.1 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1500 183 -- Table 4.3.2 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1600 185 -- Table 4.3.3 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1700 186 -- Table 4.3.4 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1820 187 -- Table 4.3.5 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1870 188 -- Table 4.3.6 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1880 189 -- Table 4.3.7 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1890 190 --^ Table 4.3.8 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1900 191 -- Table 4.3.9 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1913 192 -- Table 4.3.10 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1920 193 -- Table 4.3.11 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1929 194 -- Table 4.3.12 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1938 195 -- Table 4.3.13 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1950 196 -- Table 4.3.14 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1960 197 -- Table 4.3.15 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1970 198 -- Table 4.3.16 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1980 199 -- Table 4.3.17 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 1990 200 -- Table 4.3.18 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 2000 201 -- Table 4.3.19 Gross National Income At Market Exchange Rates, Year 2005 202 --^ Table 4.4 Gdp At Purchasing Power Parities Per Capita, 2005 Dollars 203 -- Table 4.4.1 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1500 203 -- Table 4.4.2 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1600 205 -- Table 4.4.3 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1700 206 -- Table 4.4.4 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1820 207 -- Table 4.4.5 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1870 208 -- Table 4.4.6 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1880 209 -- Table 4.4.7 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1890 210 -- Table 4.4.8 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1900 211 -- Table 4.4.9 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1913 212 -- Table 4.4.10 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1920 213 -- Table 4.4.11 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1929 214 -- Table 4.4.12 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1938 215 -- Table 4.4.13 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1950 216 -- Table 4.4.14 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1960 217 -- Table 4.4.15 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1970 218 -- Table 4.4.16 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1980 219 -- Table 4.4.17 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 1990 220 --^ Table 4.4.18 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 2000 221 -- Table 4.4.19 Gdp At Ppp Per Capita, Year 2005 222 -- Table 4.5 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, 2005 Dollars 223 -- Table 4.5.1 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1500 223 -- Table 4.5.2 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1600 225 -- Table 4.5.3 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1700 226 -- Table 4.5.4 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1820 227 -- Table 4.5.5 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1870 228 -- Table 4.5.6 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1880 229 -- Table 4.5.7 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1890 230 -- Table 4.5.8 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1900 231 -- Table 4.5.9 Gni At Market Exchange Rates Per Capita, Year 1913 232 -- Table 4.5.10 Gni At Market Exch. Alexander V. Avakov. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 311-312). Members of the U.S. Congress and others who care about the foundations of power politics in the nuclear age will find facts that speak for themselves in this novel yearbook. This statistical annual presents fundamental data in four sections: (1) Quality of Life, (2) Balance of Power, (3) Developed Market Economies since 1960 and (4) Economic History since 1500. It contains data that is generally not available elsewhere. Sections one and two give statistics for 230 countries. The World Bank and Encyclopedia Britannica provide statistical data for a maximum of about 160 countries. The actual number of countries in World Bank statistical tables is even smaller. The C.I.A. World Factbook gives data for about 230 countries, but that data is limited in scope and is imprecise. Other statistical publications are even less satisfactory. The author has managed to increase the number of countries tallied by writing proprietary software utilizing statistical regressions, selecting data which, first of all, is important and, second, which allows for high correlation coefficients for these regressions. Section two includes data about nuclear delivery systems and the number of nuclear warheads of all nuclear powers. This is based on information from reputable sources. Among others, it includes estimates of the Israeli nuclear arsenal which usually do not appear in the press. Official estimates of Russian military expenditures distributed by U.S. and British intelligence communities are methodologically flawed. Such estimates claim to give a picture of military expenditures of the countries of the world at market exchange rates; at the same time, they apparently cite Russian military expense figures at purchasing power parities, thus inflating these numbers in comparison to those of other countries. Such deceptive practices of the Anglo-American intelligence services are counter-balanced by presenting two different tables, showing military expenditures estimates both at market exchange rates and by purchasing power parities. Section three gives data on the topic of health care. It seems that public health expenditures as a share of total health expenditures has a stronger correlation with the comparative level (and the rates of improvement) of the main health care indicators than the absolute level (measured as a percent of G.D.P.) of total health expenditures. The data demonstrates that the U.S. has the lowest public health expenditure of developed market economies, and is increasingly lagging behind other countries by main health care indicators. The proposed introduction of national health insurance in the U.S. would probably mean some sort of tax increase. The author therefore also seeks to shed light on modern ideological debates about the share of taxation in G.D.P. and its influence on rates of growth. Surprisingly enough, the empirical data for the developed market economies do not seem to support the popular idea that low taxes are strongly correlated with higher rates of growth; depending on how the data are analyzed, the appropriate correlations are either low or even the reverse of what is commonly believed. Section four primarily uses data that has become available through the groundbreaking works of Angus Maddison. Using interpolation techniques explained in that section to slightly adjust Maddison s data, the author received numbers for population, G.D.P. per capita, and total G.D.P. for 48 countries for the period since year 1500, figures which seem to be credible and which are not readily available elsewhere This statistical annual presents fundamental data in four sections: (1) Quality of Life, (2) Balance of Power, (3) Developed Market Economies since 1960, and (4) Economic History since 1500. It contains data that is generally not available elsewhere. Sections 1 and 2 give statistics for 230 countries. The World Bank and Encyclopedia Britannica provide statistical data for a maximum of about 160 countries. The actual number of countries in World Bank statistical tables is even smaller. The CIA World Factbook gives data for about 230 countries but that data is limited in scope and is imprecise. Other statistical publications are even less satisfactory. The author has managed to increase the number of countries tallied by writing proprietary software utilizing statistical regressions, selecting data which, first of all, is important and, second, which allows for high correlation coefficients for these regressions. Section 2 includes data about nuclear delivery systems and the number of nuclear warheads of all nuclear powers. This is based on information from reputable sources. Among others, it includes estimates of the Israeli nuclear arsenal which usually do not appear in the press. Official estimates of Russian military expenditures distributed by US and British intelligence communities are methodologically flawed. Such estimates claim to give a picture of military expenditures of the countries of the world at market exchange rates; at the same time, they apparently cite Russian military expense figures at purchasing power parities, thus inflating these numbers in comparison to those of other countries. Such deceptive practices of the Anglo-American intelligence services are counter-balanced by presenting two different tables, showing military expenditures estimates both at market exchange rates and by purchasing power parities. Section 3 gives data on the topic of health care. It seems that public health expenditures as a share of total health expenditures has a stronger correlation with the comparative level (and the rates of improvement) of the main health care indicators than the absolute level (measured as a percent of GDP) of total health expenditures. The data demonstrates that the US has the lowest public health expenditure of developed market economies and is increasingly lagging behind other countries by main health care indicators. The proposed introduction of national health insurance in the US would probably mean some sort of tax increase. The author therefore also seeks to shed light on modern ideological debates about the share of taxation in GDP and its influence on rates of growth. Surprisingly enough, the empirical data for the developed market economies do not seem to support the popular idea that low taxes are strongly correlated with higher rates of growth; depending on how the data are analyzed, the appropriate correlations are either low or even the reverse of what is commonly believed. Section 4 primarily uses data which has become available through the groundbreaking works of Angus Maddison. Using interpolation techniques explained in that section to slightly adjust Maddison's data, the author received numbers for population, GDP per capita, and total GDP for 48 countries for the period since year 1500, figures which seem to be credible and which are not readily available elsewhere. Members of the US Congress and others who care about the foundations of power politics in the nuclear age will find facts that speak for themselves in this novel yearbook