Quality Improvement in Dental and Medical Knowledge, Research, Skills and Ethics Facing Global Challenges : Proceedings of the International Conference on Technology of Dental and Medical Sciences (ICTDMS 2022), Jakarta, Indonesia, 8-10 December 2022

The proceeding of FORIL XIII 2022 Scientific Forum Usakti conjunction with International Conference on Technology of Dental and Medical Sciences (ICTDMS) includes selected full papers that have been peer-reviewed and satisfy the conference's criteria. All studies on health, ethics, and social issues in the field of dentistry and medicine have been presented at the conference alongside clinical and technical presentations. The twelve primary themes that make up its framework include the following: behavioral epidemiologic, and health services, conservative dentistry, dental materials, dento-maxillofacial radiology, medical sciences and technology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral biology, oral medicine and pathology, orthodontics, pediatrics dentistry, periodontology, and prosthodontics. This proceeding is likely to be beneficial in keeping dental and medical professionals apprised of the most recent scientific developments. Cover Title Page Copyright Page Table of Contents Preface Acknowledgements Committee Members Behavioral, epidemiologic and health services Characteristics of knowledge and attitude of Indonesian professional healthcare students toward Basic Life Support (BLS) courses 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Bibliometric analysis of imperata cylindrica papers in Scopus database (2012–2021) 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 2.1 Data source and search strategy 2.2 Information extraction 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Development and validation of Indonesian version of OHIP-49 questionnaire using Rasch model 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Knowledge regarding dental and oral health among pregnant women (study at Palmerah Community Health Center, West Jakarta) 1 Backgrounds 2 Research Method 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The xerostomia’s effect on methadone therapy program patients’ oral-health-related quality of life 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 3.1 Reliability test 3.2 Evaluation of the initial outer model 3.2.1 Convergent validity 3.2.2 Discriminant validity 3.2.3 Composite reliability 3.3 Modified model 3.4 Evaluation of the modified outer model 3.4.1 Convergent validity 3.4.2 Discriminant validity 3.4.3 Composite reliability 3.5 Evaluation of the modified inner model 3.5.1 Path model 5.2 Coefficient of determination (R2) 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The differences in work strategy and work fatigue between female and male dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Dental students’ perceptions and behaviors concerning oral hygiene and eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Analyzing teledentistry consultation during the pandemic Covid-19: A challenge of images in online consultation 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conlusion References Conservative dentistry Mandibular first molar with radix entomolaris: An endodontic case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Walking bleach technique on endodontically treated caninus with tetracycline discoloration 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Successful management of primary periodontal lesion with secondary endodontic involvement: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Examination 2.2 Investigations 2.3 Diagnosis 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Non-surgical treatment for extensive perapical lesion: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Examination 2.2 Investigations 2.3 Diagnosis 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Monolithic zirconia endocrown: Indirect restoration for endodontically treated teeth 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Effect of air-abrasive particle and universal bonding to shear bond strength of zirconia 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Composite as a post-obturation restorative material on a non-vital tooth with endodontically treatment: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Caries detection effectiveness of two techniques assessed using FACE method 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Pluchea indica less leaves extract as a root canal irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis Colonies: Ex vivo study 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Pluchea indica L. leaves extraction 2.2 Sample acquisition 2.3 Bacterial culture 2.4 Bacterial test 2.4.1 Zone of inhibition test 2.4.2 Plate count method 2.5 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Differences in resin polishing technique of nanofiller and nanohybrid composites 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Differences in the effect of two Nickel Titanium rotary files preparation toward the changes on root canal curvature 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Suggestion References Effect of high refractive index composite resin thickness on CIELAB value 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Single-visit retreatment in underfilled root canal of mandible second premolar: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Antibiofilm effect of avocado (Persea Americana) seed ethanol extract on Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis (ex vivo) 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 P. americana extraction 2.2 Phytochemical test 2.3 Mandibular premolar tooth preparation 2.4 Formation of S. mutans and E. faecalis biofilms on teeth 2.5 Immersion of P. americana seed ethanol extract on S. mutans biofilm and irrigation of P. americana seed ethanol extract on E. faecalis biofilm 2.6 Bacterial colony calculations 2.7 DNA extraction (Heat shock) 2.8 Real-time PCR 2.9 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Three-dimensional obturation in maxillary first molar with MB2: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 First visit 2.2 Second visit 2.3 Third visit 2.4 Fourth visit 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Semi-direct composite overlay restoration as an alternative restoration for endodontically treated tooth: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Comprehensive treatment of immature necrotic permanent teeth: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Reports 2.1 Case 1 2.2 Case 2 2.3 Managements 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Diastemas management using direct composite resin restoration: The digital smile design approach 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Clinical examination and diagnosis 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Removal of broken file using ultrasonics at one-third apical second molar distal: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Apis mellifera honey and miswak (Salvadora persica) effect on tooth color changes 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Ethical approval and protocol registration 2.2 Study design and sample preparation 2.3 Bleaching protocols 2.4 Dental bleaching efficacy 2.5 Statistical analysis 3 Results 3.1 Luminosity (&x02206;L) 3.2 Color difference (&x02206;E) 3.3 Statistical results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Fiber reinforced composite in endodontically treated tooth: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The management of post-endodontic treatment using fiber-reinforced composite: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Management of crown-root fracture with pulp exposure: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Examination 2.2 Investigations 2.3 Diagnosis 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Management of molar with C-shape root canal configuration: Case reports 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Case 1 2.2 Case 2 2.3 Case 3 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Endodontic treatment on young age molar with pulp polyp and diffuse calcification finding in a radiograph 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Cyclic fatigue of three heat-treated NiTi rotary instruments after multiple autoclave sterilization: An in-vitro study 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Endodontic management of S-shaped root canal on mandibular first molar: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Root canal treatment on the complex case using ultrasonics: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Management of iatrogenic problems during root canal treatment 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Non-surgical endodontic retreatment of maxillary first premolar with direct composite restoration: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Examination 2.2 Investigations 2.3 Diagnosis 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Dental materials The effect of soft drinks containing citric and phosphoric acid toward enamel hardness 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Preparation and testing 2.2 Data analysis 2.3 Ethical clearance 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Microhardness of a flowable bulk-fill resin composite in immediate and 24-hour storage 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The effect of halogen mouthwash on the stretch distance of the synthetic elastomeric chain 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Synthesis and characterization of &x003B2;-tricalcium phosphate from green mussel shells with sintering temperature variation 1 Backgrounds 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 XRD Test 3.2 SEM Test 3.3 FTIR test 4 Conclusions Conflict of Interest References The effect of immersion in 75% concentration tomato juice on the mechanical properties of nanohybrid composites resin 1 Background 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Evaluation of setting time of glass ionomer cement mixed with ethanolic extracts of propolis 1 Background 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References The knowledge level of dental students on adequate composite resin polymerization in the COVID-19 pandemic era 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Dento-maxillofacial radiology The role of dental record data in the mass disaster identification process: A case report of the Sriwijaya SJ-182 airplane crash 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Management of postmortem dental radiography procedure in mass disaster victim identification 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Postmortem radiography procedures 3.2 Technique and equipment 3.3 Radiation protection 4 Conclusion References Radiomorphometric analysis of gonion angle and upper ramus breadth as a parameter for gender determination 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 2.1 Sample 2.2 Measurement 2.3 Data analysis 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Medical sciences and technology Artificial intelligence application in dentistry: Fluid behaviour of EDDY tips 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Sample selection 2.2 Experiment 1: Activation procedure and preparation of specimens for scanning electron microscopy 2.2.1 In The EDDY groups 2.2.2 Evaluation by scanning electron microscopy 2.2.3 Statistical analysis 2.2.4 Basic visualization 2.3 Experiment 2: Visualization of EDDY&x000AE; tip activation-induced gradient velocity on the wall 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References MTHFR C677T, A1298C*, and its interaction in nonsyndromic orofacial cleft phenotypes among Indonesian 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects of study 2.2 MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1298C&x0002A; genotyping 2.3 Statistical analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Result 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Oral and maxillofacial surgery The effectiveness of giving forest honey (Apis Dorsata) and livestock honey (Apis Cerana and Trigona) on the number of fibroblast in wound healing after tooth extraction (in vivo research in Wistar rats) 1 Background 2 Methods 2.1 Extraction of wistar rat teeth 2.2 Giving honey on wounds after wistar rat tooth extraction 2.3 Making and observation of tissue histology preparations 2.4 Statistical analysis 3 Results 3.1 Test results of honey 3.2 Results of observing the number of fibroblasts in histological preparations 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Reconstruction of large post-enucleation mandibular defect with buccal fat pad 1 Background 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Challenge and management of dental implant during COVID-19 pandemic: Bone formation on second stage implant surgery 1 Background(s) 2 Case Report(s) 2.1 Case 1 2.2 Case 2 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion(s) Conflict of Interest References The evaluation of maxillary sinus for implant planning through CBCT 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Measurement of the maxillary sinus 2.2 Data analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The jawbone quantity assessment of dental implant sites 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Bone thickness and height measurement 2.2 Data analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Comparative assessment of the distance between the maxillary sinus floor and maxillary alveolar ridge in dentulous and edentulous using panoramic radiography 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Measurement of distance between the maxillary sinus floor and the crest of the alveolar ridge 2.2 Data analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Comparison between impacted mandibular third molar against mandibular angle and canal 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Measurement 2.2 Data analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Oral biology Saliva as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19: Bibliometric analysis 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Literature search 2.2 Data analysis and visualization 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Subject area 3.2 Authors 3.3 Country 3.4 Citation 4 Conclusion References Cytotoxicity activity of Allium sativum extracts against HSC-3 cells 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Plant material and extraction procedure 2.2 Cell culture 2.3 Cytotoxicity assay 2.4 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effectiveness of probiotic lozenges in reducing salivary microorganism growth in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: A pilot study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Study participant and saliva sample collection 2.2 Bacterial cultures 2.3 Fungal culture 2.4 Total bacterial number by plate count 2.5 Extraction of DNA from saliva and cultures 2.6 Real-time PCR 2.7 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Author Contributions References Potential anticancer properties of Apium graveolens Linn. against oral cancer 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Oral cancer: Oral squamous cell carcinoma 3.2 Plant-derived cancer treatment 3.3 Apium graveolens Linn. 3.4 Apium graveolens Linn. for cancer 4 Conclusion References Antibacterial activity of bromelain enzyme from pineapple knob (Ananas comosus) against Streptococcus mutans 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Purification of bromelain from pineapple knob 2.1.1 Determination 2.1.2 Extraction by maceration 2.1.3 Fractionation with ammonium sulfate 2.1.4 Dialysis result of fractionated ammonium sulfate 2.1.5 Analysis of enzyme activity with the AMANO method 2.1.5.1 Control preparation 2.1.5.2 Sample preparation 2.1.5.3 Standard preparation 2.1.5.4 Blanks preparation 2.1.6 Analysis of protein levels with the Bradford method 2.1.6.1 Making of protein content blanks 2.1.6.2 Making of protein content sample 2.1.7 Ion exchange chromatography 2.1.8 SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis)&x0005C; 2.1.9 Zymogram 2.2 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test 2.2.1 Bacterial culture 2.2.2 Dilution technique 2.2.3 Diffusion technique 2.2.4 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Elephantopus scaber Linn.: Potential candidate against oral squamous cell carcinoma 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Effectiveness of gargling with 100% coconut oil to prevent plaque accumulation and gingival bleeding 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Hydroxamate HDAC inhibitors potency in mediating dentine regeneration: A review 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 3.1 Epigenetic and histone acetylation 3.2 HDAC Inhibitors (HDACis) 3.3 Reparative dentin and the involvement of pulp-capping material 4 Conclusion References Various compounds that are used as oxidative stress inducers on fibroblast cell 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Eligibility criteria 2.2 Study selection and quality assessment 2.3 Data extraction and analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Nano encapsulation of lemongrass leaves extract (Cymbopogon citratus DC) on fibroblast viability with oxidative stress 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Lemongrass leaf extraction 2.2 Nano-chitosan encapsulation of lemongrass extract 2.3 Antioxidant activity of EnChLg 2.4 Viability test 3 Results 3.1 Antioxidant test of EnChLg 3.2 Fibroblasts cytotoxicity 3.3 Fibroblasts viability 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Arumanis mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) extract efficacy on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm in-vitro 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Preparation of M. indica L. leaf ethanol extract 2.2 Bacterial culture 2.3 Antibacterial test with plate count method 2.4 Antibiofilm test with microtiter plate biofilm assay 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References A systematic review to evaluate the role of antibiotics in third molar extraction 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Search strategy 2.2 Inclusion/exclusion criteria 2.3 Study selection 3 Main Findings 4 Conclusions References Efficacy of epigallocatechin gallate gel on VEGF and MMP-9 expression on ulcerations 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Ethical approval 2.2 Epigallocatechin gallate gel preparation 2.3 Animal subjects preparation 2.4 The effect of epigallocatechin gallate gel 2.5 The effect of epigallocatechin gallate gel on VEGF and MMP-9 expression in the ulcer healing process 3 Results 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Competing Interest References Oral medicine and pathology Salivary interleukin (IL)-6 in elderly people with stomatitis aphthous and gingivitis associated with the occurrence of cognitive impairment 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References The uses of palm fruit (Borassus flabellifer L.) in dentistry 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Medical property of Borassus flabellifer L. 3.2 Borassus flabellifer L. content 3.3 Phytochemical properties 3.4 Pharmacological actions 3.4.1 Antiinflammatory activity 3.4.2 Antiarthritic activity 3.4.3 Antihalitosis activity 3.4.4 Cytotoxic activity 3.4.5 Antimicrobial activity 3.4.6 The inhibition of pain 3.4.7 The use in dentistry 4 Conclusion References Endodontic irrigation solution administration induces oral mucosal deformity: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 2.1 Case presentation 2.2 Case management 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Profile of oral mucosa changes and perception of e-cigarettes smoker 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Potency of Solanum betaceum Cav. Peel skin ethanol extract towards TNF-&x003B1; blood level (Study in vivo on inflammatory rats model) 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Animal model 2.2 Study design 2.3 Study group 2.4 Peel skin ethanol extract of Solanum betaceum Cav. 2.5 Phytochemical analysis of Solanum betaceum Cav. peel skin ethanol extract 2.6 Laboratory examination 2.7 Statistical analysis 3 Results 3.1 One-way ANOVA analysis of TNF-&x003B1; level within 24 hours 3.2 One-way ANOVA analysis of TNF-&x003B1; level within 48 hours 3.3 One-way ANOVA analysis of TNF-&x003B1; level within 72 hours 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Stomatitis venenata due to nickel as inlay materials in a 24-year-old woman: A case report 1 Background 2 Case Reports 3 Case Management 4 Conclusion References Treatment challenge of oral lichenoid lesion associated with glass ionomer cement restoration: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion Ethical Clearance References Validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of COMDQ-26: A pilot study 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3 Conclusion Conflict of Interest Funding References Orthodontics Interceptive orthodontic treatment needs and its relating demographic factors in Jakarta and Kepulauan Seribu 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Diastema closure and midline shifting treatment with standard technique (Case report) 1 Background 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Intrusion and uprighting using TADs in mutilated four first permanent molar case 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Moringa and papaya leaf inhibit Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Intruding upper first molar using double L-Loop in an adult patient: A retreatment case 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Profile changes in Class III malocclusion using protraction facemask in Indonesian patients (Cephalometric study) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects 2.2 Lateral cephalogram analysis 2.3 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Consent for Publication Standards for Reporting Availability of Data and Materials Funding Conflict of Interest References Pediatric dentistry Oral microbiome dysbiosis in early childhood caries (Literature review) 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 3.1 Oral microbiome development in children 3.2 Oral microbiome dysbiosis and early childhood caries 4 Conclusion References Periodontology Permanent splint using removable partial denture framework on reduced periodontium: A case report 1 Background 2 Case Report 2.1 Case description 2.2 Interdisciplinary treatment approach 2.3 Treatment outcomes 3 Discussions 4 Conclusions References The effect of electric smoking on the severity of chronic periodontitis 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 4 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Periodontitis effects toward the extent of COVID-19 severity (Scoping review) 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 3.1 Periodontitis effects toward biomarkers in COVID-19 patients 3.2 Periodontitis in relation to hospitalization, mortality, ICU admission, and ventilation assistance of COVID-19 patients 3.3 Hypotheses underlying the relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis 4 Conclusion References Scaffold-based nano-hydroxyapatite for periodontal regenerative therapy 1 Background 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 3.1 Mechanical properties 3.2 Biological responses 3.2.1 Fibroblast and PDL cells 3.2.2 Osteoblasts 3.2.3 Osteoclasts 3.2.4 Regeneration biomarkers 3.3 nHA combinations 3.4 Clinical effects 4 Conclusion Declaration of Conflict of Interest References Defect management using hydroxyapatite and platelet-rich fibrin in advanced periodontitis 1 Background 2 Case Report 3 Case Management 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The relationship between age with caries status and periodontal treatment needs on visually impaired individuals 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Effects of COVID-19 on periodontitis (Scoping review) 1 Backgrounds 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 4 Conclusions References Concentrated growth factor for infrabony defect in periodontitis treatment: A review 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Research question 2.2 Eligibility criteria (PICOS method) 2.3 Search strategy 2.4 Data extraction and study characteristics 2.5 Heterogeneity assessment 2.6 Quality guidelines 3 Main Findings 3.1 Search results and selection 4 Conclusions References Subcutaneous emphysema after dental stain removal with airflow: A case report and anatomical review 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Bonding agents for dentine hypersensitivity treatment: A review 1 Backgrounds 2 Methods 3 Main Findings 4 Conclusions References Advantages and disadvantages of 2017 new classification of periodontitis (Scoping review) 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Main Findings 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Comparison of periodontal disease severity in COVID-19 survivors and non-COVID-19 individuals 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 2.1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria 2.2 Subject division 2.3 Gingivitis subject criteria and scoring 2.4 Periodontitis subject criteria, grading, and staging 2.5 Data analysis 3 Results 3.1 Gingivitis severity between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors 3.2 Periodontitis severity between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors 3.3 Periodontitis staging between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors 3.4 Periodontitis grading between COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Aerosol spread simulation during ultrasonic scaling and strategies to reduce aerosol contamination 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Paper filter positions 2.2 Ultrasonic scaling simulation 2.3 Measurement of aerosol and droplet spread 2.4 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References The effect of pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) juice on biofilm density of streptococcus sanguinis ATCC 10556 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prosthodontics Prevalence and risk indicators of bruxism in Indonesian children 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Data analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Validity and reliability of temporomandibular disorders screening questionnaire for Indonesian children and adolescents 1 Backgrounds 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Effect of submersion of alginate molds in povidone iodine concentration of 0,47 % solution toward dimensional change 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Effect of pure basil leaf extract on surface roughness of heat cured acrylic resin 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Statistical analysis 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Prosthetic rehabilitation after mandibular reconstruction in young adult patient with ameloblastoma history 1 Background 2 Case Reports 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Treatment of tooth supported magnet retained maxillary complete overdenture: Case report 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Clinical Procedure 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Conflict of Interest References Complete denture management with torus palatinus: A case report 1 Background 2 Case Report(s) 2.1 Clinical procedure 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Management of rehabilitation for partial tooth loss with immediate removable dentures in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: A case report 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Immediate primary dentition dentures 2.2 Immediate permanent dentition dentures 2.2.1 Immediate complete denture 2.2.2 Immediate removable denture 3 Case Report 3.1 First visit 3.2 Second visit 3.3 Laboratory stage 3.4 Third visit 3.5 Fourth visit 3.6 Fifth visit 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Management of anterior mandibular lithium disilicate crown fracture 1 Introduction 2 Case Report 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Author index