قلعه، یک شهر بندری قرون وسطایی عمان: از میدان ویرانه‌ها تا یونسکو

Although it is one of the main archaeological sites in Oman, the medieval port of Qalhat, near Sur in Ash-Sharqiyah Governorate, has long remained poorly documented. The extensive research initiated in 2008 by the Ministry of Heritage and Tourism (at the time, Heritage and Culture) shed striking light on the history of this famous harbour city, which was the twin capital of the Kingdom of Hormuz from the 13th to the 16th century. Surface surveys and excavations have revealed the plan and chronology of the city and its different districts. Mosques (including the Great Mosque built by Bibi Maryam around 1300) and other religious buildings, fortifications, and water supply systems have been identified and studied. The craft and economic activities of the city and the regional and international commercial links of the port have been reconstructed, as well as the daily life of its inhabitants, revealing the wealth and cosmopolitan character of this ancient Omani metropolis. All these results highlighted the Outstanding Universal Value of the site and eventually led to the inscription of Qalhat on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2018. Axelle Rougeulle is a member of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Orient & Méditerranée Section (Paris, France). She specialized in the history of trade in the Eastern Islamic world and the Indian Ocean in medieval times, focusing on port cities, land and sea routes, and interregional exchanges. She has worked in Iraq, Bahrain, and Yemen, where she studied the ancient ports of Hadramaut, Mahra, and Sharma. From 2008 to 2016, in collaboration with the Ministry of Heritasge and Culture (now Heritage and Tourism), she directed the research project at Qalhat, the results of which are presented here. Cover 1 Title page 3 Copyright information 4 Contents 5 List of illustrations 7 Acknowledgments 15 Introduction 17 History of Reasearch at Qalhat 19 Qalhat, rise and fall of an Omani port city, from the pre-Hormuzi to the Portuguese period 29 Urban planning of the town in the 14th-15th centuries 40 Qalhat, a heavily fortified city 53 Getting water in Qalhat, the water supply system of the town 69 The Great Mosque of Bibi Maryam 77 The Bibi Maryam mausoleum and other religious structures 113 Official and public buildings 143 Domestic life in Qalhat: the twin houses 169 Economy and trade 204 Qalhat, a World Heritage site 231 Bibliography 235 Index 243 Social media 247 Back cover 247 Qalhat,Oman,Medieval,UNESCO,World Heritage,Port City,Mosque,Islamic Studies