Pulmonary Infection (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Book 857)

"The respiratory tract is a frequent target of infections caused by a wide range of organisms. The book provides reader-friendly information on aspects of pulmonary infections, including comprehensive accounts of bacterial and viral diseases, therapeutic approaches, molecular and classical culture-related techniques of diagnosis and explaining the basic cell biological mechanism. The role of oxidative stress, both helpful in fighting invading pathogens and detrimental in yielding to infection is detailed as it is often undervalued and needs focus. The chapters encompass latest developments and applications in bacteriology and virology, preventive and therapeutic tips, and raise attention to implementation of proper antibiotic policies by medical institutions to decrease resistance to antimicrobials. The perennial problem of low influenza vaccination coverage rate is rationalized. The volume will be of interest to both clinicians and biomedical researchers engaged in this exciting field"--Publisher's description Preface 6 Volume 12: Pulmonary Infection 8 Contents 10 Evaluation of the Activity of Influenza and Influenza-Like Viruses in the Epidemic Season 2013/2014 12 1 Introduction 12 2 Methods 13 2.1 Patient Population and Specimen Collection 13 2.2 Extraction of Viral RNA 13 2.3 Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) 13 2.4 Conventional Multiplex RT-PCR 14 3 Results 14 4 Discussion 16 References 18 Necrotizing Pneumonia and Its Complications in Children 19 1 Introduction 20 2 Methods 20 3 Results 21 4 Discussion 23 References 26 Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease 28 1 Introduction 29 2 Historical Outline 29 3 Epidemiology 29 4 Course of Infection 29 5 Diagnostics 30 6 Prevention and Treatment 31 7 Experimental Vaccines 31 8 Routes of Infection 32 9 Summary 32 References 33 Pathophysiology of Clinical Symptoms in Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infections 34 1 Introduction 34 1.1 Respiratory Tract Infections 34 1.2 Symptomatology of Respiratory Tract Infections 35 2 Methods of Literature Selection 36 3 Results 36 3.1 Significant Etiologic Viral Agents of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 36 3.1.1 Rhinoviruses 36 3.1.2 Coronaviruses 37 3.1.3 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 38 3.1.4 Influenza Viruses 38 4 Pathophysiology of Common Respiratory Signs and Symptoms 39 4.1 Sore Throat 39 4.2 Nasal Congestion 39 4.3 Rhinorrhea 40 4.4 Sneezing 40 4.5 Cough 40 4.6 Malaise and Mood Changes 41 4.7 Headache 41 4.8 Muscle Pain 41 4.9 Fever and Chills 42 4.10 Febrile Seizures 42 5 Therapeutic Points 42 6 Conclusions 43 References 43 Stagnating Low Influenza Vaccine Coverage Rates in the Polish Elderly Population in 2008-2013 48 1 Introduction 48 2 Methods 49 3 Results 50 4 Discussion 51 5 Conclusions 53 References 53 Incidence of Circulating Antibodies Against Hemagglutinin of Influenza Viruses in the Epidemic Season 2013/2014 in Poland 54 1 Introduction 54 2 Methods 56 3 Results and Discussion 56 References 59 Neutrophils: The Role of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Health and Disease 60 1 Introduction 60 2 Oxidative Burst 61 3 ROS and RNS in Chemotaxis, Neutrophil Adhesion, Rolling, and Phagocytosis 62 4 Role of Oxidative Stress in NETs Formation 63 5 Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in Cell Signaling Pathways 64 6 Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species and Neutrophils in Pathology 65 7 Conclusions 66 References 66 The Incidence of Respiratory Tract Infections in Vertically HIV-Infected Children in Lower Silesia in Poland and the Approach ... 70 1 Introduction 71 2 Methods 71 3 Results 72 4 Discussion 73 5 Conclusions 74 References 74 Implementation of Hospital ́s Antibiotic Policy Decreases Antimicrobial Use in the General Pediatric Ward 76 1 Introduction 77 2 Methods 78 3 Results 78 4 Discussion 80 5 Conclusions 82 References 82 Detection of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae and Typical Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Cough 84 1 Introduction 84 2 Methods 85 3 Results 85 4 Discussion 86 References 87 Compliance with Vaccination Against Influenza Among the Elderly 88 1 Introduction 88 2 Methods 89 3 Results and Discussion 90 4 Conclusions 93 References 94 Index 95 Front Matter....Pages i-x Evaluation of the Activity of Influenza and Influenza-Like Viruses in the Epidemic Season 2013/2014....Pages 1-7 Necrotizing Pneumonia and Its Complications in Children....Pages 9-17 Progress in the Diagnosis and Control of Ebola Disease....Pages 19-24 Pathophysiology of Clinical Symptoms in Acute Viral Respiratory Tract Infections....Pages 25-38 Stagnating Low Influenza Vaccine Coverage Rates in the Polish Elderly Population in 2008–2013....Pages 39-44 Incidence of Circulating Antibodies Against Hemagglutinin of Influenza Viruses in the Epidemic Season 2013/2014 in Poland....Pages 45-50 Neutrophils: The Role of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Health and Disease....Pages 51-60 The Incidence of Respiratory Tract Infections in Vertically HIV-Infected Children in Lower Silesia in Poland and the Approach to Infection Prevention....Pages 61-66 Implementation of Hospital’s Antibiotic Policy Decreases Antimicrobial Use in the General Pediatric Ward....Pages 67-74 Detection of Chlamydophila Pneumoniae and Typical Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Cough....Pages 75-78 Compliance with Vaccination Against Influenza Among the Elderly....Pages 79-85 Back Matter....Pages 87-87