Pulmonary Cytopathology (Essentials in Cytopathology Book 15)

The Essentials in Cytopathology book series fulfills the need for an easy-to-use and authoritative synopsis of site specific topics in cytopathology. These guide books fit into the lab coat pocket and are ideal for portability and quick reference. Each volume is heavily illustrated with a full color art program, while the text follows a user-friendly outline format. This new edition of Pulmonary Cytopathology is fully updated and expanded providing more detailed discussion of the role of new techniques such as EUS needle biopsy and specific issues of adequacy assessment. The section on subclassification of poorly-differentiated non-small cell carcinomas has been expanded to include accuracy of diagnosis in small samples, the new classification of adenocarcinoma and NSCC, currently-used ancillary techniques; i.e., immunohistochemistry, molecular/genetic techniques and therapeutic applications. Molecular techniques have been added as needed for targeted therapy. The text and illustrations have been expanded throughout. Preface 6 Contents 8 Chapter 1: Specimen Collection and Processing 13 Specimen Collection 13 Sputum 15 Bronchoscopy Specimens 15 Bronchial Brush 15 Bronchial Wash/Aspirate 15 Bronchoalveolar Lavage 15 Fine Needle Aspiration 16 Transbronchial/Tracheal FNA 16 Transthoracic (Percutaneous) FNA 16 Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial FNA (EBUS–TBNA) 17 Processing Pulmonary Specimens 17 Sputum 17 Bronchial Brush, Wash, and BAL Specimens 18 Laser Capture Microdissection 18 Staining 18 Assessment of Specimen Adequacy 19 Suggested Reading 21 Chapter 2: Normal Components 24 Epithelial Elements 24 Tracheal and Bronchial Respiratory Epithelium 24 Alveolar Epithelium 24 Nonepithelial Cellular Elements 27 Macrophages and Giant Cells 27 Siderophages 30 Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes 31 Lymphocytes 31 Differential Diagnosis 32 Eosinophils 32 Megakaryocytes 33 Miscellaneous Noncellular Elements 34 Curschmann Spirals 34 Charcot–Leyden Crystals 35 Blue Bodies (Corpora Amylacea) 35 Calcific and Psammoma Bodies 36 Contaminants 36 Suggested Reading 38 Chapter 3: Hyperplasia, Reactive Changes, and Metaplasia 39 Hyperplastic and Reactive Changes 39 Goblet Cell Hyperplasia 39 Differential Diagnosis 40 Reactive and Hyperplastic Bronchial Epithelium 41 Differential Diagnosis 43 Reactive Terminal Bronchial/Alveolar Epithelium 43 Differential Diagnosis 45 Reserve Cell Hyperplasia 46 Differential Diagnosis 47 Ciliocytophthoria 48 Differential Diagnosis 49 Creola Bodies 49 Differential Diagnosis 50 Squamous Metaplasia and Atypia 50 Differential Diagnosis 52 Therapy-Induced Changes 53 Radiation Therapy 53 Differential Diagnosis 53 Chemotherapy 55 Differential Diagnosis 56 Non-chemotherapeutic Drugs 56 Pulmonary Allograft Transplants 57 Pneumoconioses 58 Asbestosis 58 Other Pneumoconioses 60 Suggested Reading 60 Chapter 4: Respiratory Infections 62 Viral Infections 62 Herpes Simplex Infection 63 Differential Diagnosis 65 Cytomegalovirus Infection 65 Differential Diagnosis 66 Adenovirus Infection 67 Other Viral Infections 67 Bacterial Infections 68 Mycobacterial Infections 68 Differential Diagnosis 71 Legionella Infection 71 Actinomycosis and Nocardiosis 72 Other Bacteria 73 Mycotic Infections 73 Candidiasis 73 Differential Diagnosis 75 Cryptococcosis 75 Differential Diagnosis 76 Aspergillosis 77 Differential Diagnosis 80 Zygomycosis (Phycomycosis) 81 Histoplasmosis 82 Differential Diagnosis 83 Blastomycosis 83 Coccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis 83 Sporotrichosis 86 Pneumocystis Jiroveci (Carinii) Pneumonia 86 Differential Diagnosis 88 Parasitic Infections 89 Strongyloidiasis 89 Differential Diagnosis 89 Paragonimiasis 91 Dirofilariasis 91 Other Parasitic Infections 92 Suggested Reading 92 Viral 92 Bacterial 93 Fungal 93 Parasitic 94 Chapter 5: Other Non-neoplastic Conditions 95 Bronchial Asthma 95 Differential Diagnosis 96 Sarcoidosis 97 Differential Diagnosis 99 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis 100 Differential Diagnosis 101 Lipid Pneumonia 102 Differential Diagnosis 103 Amyloidosis 103 Pulmonary Infarcts 105 Differential Diagnosis 106 Suggested Reading 107 Chapter 6: Benign Neoplasms 108 Pulmonary Hamartoma 108 Inflammatory Myofibroblastoma 111 Differential Diagnosis 114 Solitary Fibrous Tumors 114 Differential Diagnosis 116 Pneumocytoma 116 Differential Diagnosis 119 Other Benign Tumors 119 Suggested Reading 120 Chapter 7: Primary Epithelial Malignancies 122 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 123 Well-Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinomas 126 Poorly Differentiated Squamous Cell Carcinomas 129 Immunohistochemistry of Squamous Cell Carcinoma 130 Differential Diagnosis: Benign Conditions Mimicking Squamous Cell Carcinoma 130 Pre-invasive Squamous Lesions 135 In Situ Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Dysplasia 135 Adenocarcinoma 138 Adenocarcinoma with Lepidic Pattern (Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma) 146 Immunohistochemistry of Adenocarcinomas 148 Differential Diagnosis of Adenocarcinomas 150 Large Cell Carcinoma (LCC)/Non-Small Cell Carcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) 155 Differential Diagnosis 159 Small Cell Carcinoma 160 Differential Diagnosis 165 Neuroendocrine Neoplasms 170 Carcinoid Tumors 171 Differential Diagnosis 176 Salivary Gland-Like Tumors 178 Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 178 Differential Diagnosis 179 Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma 180 Differential Diagnosis 181 Suggested Reading 182 Classification of Lung Tumors 182 Pre-invasive Lesions 182 Small Cell Carcinoma 183 Subtyping of Non-Small Cell Carcinomas 183 Papillary and Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma 183 Neuroendocrine Tumors: Carcinoid 184 Neuroendocrine Tumors: Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma 184 Salivary Gland Type Tumors 185 Differential Diagnosis and Pitfalls 185 Immunohistochemistry 186 Molecular Studies 186 Other 187 Chapter 8: Primary Nonepithelial Malignancies 188 Lymphomas 188 Cytopathology 188 Differential Diagnosis 191 Sarcomas 191 Cytopathology 192 Differential Diagnosis 193 Suggested Reading 194 Chapter 9: Metastatic Tumors 195 Differential Diagnosis: General Considerations 196 Adenocarcinoma 197 Adenocarcinomas with Acinar Pattern 198 Adenocarcinomas with Mucinous/Signet Ring Cell Pattern 199 Carcinomas with Papillary Pattern 202 Carcinomas with Solid Nest or Diffuse Pattern 203 Tumors with Clear Cells 206 Squamous and Transitional Cell Carcinoma 207 Spindle Cell and Miscellaneous Nonepithelial Neoplasms 209 Pleural Metastases 214 Concluding Remarks 214 Suggested Reading 216 Index 217 The Essentials in Cytopathology book series fulfills the need for an easy-to-use and authoritative synopsis of site specific topics in cytopathology. These guide books fit into the lab coat pocket and are ideal for portability and quick reference. Each volume is heavily illustrated with a full color art program, while the text follows a user-friendly outline format. This new edition of __Pulmonary Cytopathology__ is fully updated and expanded providing more detailed discussion of the role of new techniques such as EUS needle biopsy and specific issues of adequacy assessment. The section on subclassification of poorly-differentiated non-small cell carcinomas has been expanded to includeaccuracy of diagnosis in small samples, the new classification of adenocarcinoma and NSCC, currently-used ancillary techniques; i.e., immunohistochemistry, molecular/genetic techniques and therapeutic applications. Molecular techniques have been added as needed for targeted therapy. The text and illustrations have been expanded throughout. Front Matter....Pages i-xi Specimen Collection and Processing....Pages 1-11 Normal Components....Pages 13-27 Hyperplasia, Reactive Changes, and Metaplasia....Pages 29-51 Respiratory Infections....Pages 53-85 Other Non-neoplastic Conditions....Pages 87-99 Benign Neoplasms....Pages 101-114 Primary Epithelial Malignancies....Pages 115-180 Primary Nonepithelial Malignancies....Pages 181-187 Metastatic Tumors....Pages 189-210 Back Matter....Pages 211-217 Yener S. Erozan, Ibrahim Ramzy. Includes Bibliographical References And Index. Mode Of Access: World Wide Web.