Public Health : An Introduction to the Science and Practice of Population Health

Featuring Engaging Podcasts Highlighting Major Public Health Case Studies in all 15 Chapters! Public Health: An Introduction to the Science and Practice of Population Health is a foundational textbook designed for students who are launching their public health studies and preparing for professions in the field. Our health is generated throughout our lives and by the world around us―by where we live, where we work, and who we interact with on a daily basis. This book, therefore, takes a unique approach to teach public health. It combines an eco-social framework with a life course perspective on population health to help the student understand how our experiences and context shape our health and how this informs the practice of public health. Written by leading public health educators, the textbook begins with the foundations―a history of public health and a discussion of the core values of health equity and disease prevention. An engaging survey of the eco-social framework and life course factors affecting health follows. The book concludes with a section dedicated to population health methods, implementation science, community engagement, advocacy, and health promotion. The book is illustrated throughout by cases that cross disciplines, that engage the student with issues of contemporary concern that are the remit of public health, and that offer systematic analyses that point toward solutions. With a focused approach to public health that guides the student through the causes of health―across levels and across stages in the life course―this groundbreaking, first-of-its-kind textbook integrates the core components of the field in clear and lucid language. Timely and relevant case studies, practical learning objectives, discussion questions in all chapters, numerous tables and illustrations throughout, chapter-based podcasts, and more make Public Health an innovative and lively platform for understanding the science of population health and the practice of public health. Key Features: A modern approach to the field that grounds the study of public health in life course and eco-social frameworks to better organize the science of population health and the practice of public health Explains the central role that prevention and health equity play in improving population health Features case studies that discuss contemporary issues affecting population health, including heart disease, Ebola, environmental exposures, gun violence, the opioid epidemic, health policy, and many more High volume of figures and tables to illustrate key points Includes a robust Instructor ancillary package with PowerPoints, an Instructor’s Manual, test banks, discussion questions, and conversion guide Ebook for digital download included Cover Title Copyright Contents Preface Acknowledgments Case Study Podcasts Abbreviations and Common Definitions Abbreviations Common Definitions Share: Public Health Section I: Introduction Chapter 1: Public Health and Population Health: Understanding Health and Disease Learning Objectives Overview: Public Health, Population Health, and Population Health Science: Key Distinctions The History of Public Health The Evolution of Academic Schools of Public Health in the United States What Are the Major Public Health Achievements Over the 20th Century and More Recently in the United States? Understanding Health and Disease The U.S. Public Health System Global Public Health Case Study 1.1: Population Health Thinking Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 2: What Causes Health of Populations? An Eco-Social and Life Course Approach Learning Objectives Overview: How Do We Explain What Causes Health and Disease? Conceptual Frameworks Inform the Production of Health in Populations The Eco-Social Perspective Case Study 2.1: Cigarette Smoking: Background and Eco-Social Perspective Life Course Perspective Case Study 2.2: Cigarette Smoking: The Life Course Perspective Considering The Eco-Social and Life Course Dimensions Together Case Study 2.3: Cigarette Smoking: Considering the Eco-Social and Life Course Dimensions Together Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 3: At the Heart of Public Health: Prevention and Health Equity Learning Objectives Overview: Two Core Principles of Public Health: Prevention and Health Equity Prevention: Creating the Healthiest Possible Life Prevention Basics: Types of Prevention Leveraging Prevention: Upstream Versus Downstream Approaches Prevention Basics: Applying Notions of Prevention to Local, National, and Global Populations Case Study 3.1: Prevention Efforts to Control the 2013–2016 Ebola Pandemic Public Health Versus Medical Care Health Equity Health Equity as a Core Abiding Principle for Public Health Trade-Offs That May Be Inherent in Improving Overall Health and Reducing Health Inequities Health Inequities in the United States Case Study 3.2: You Can’t Live Here: Governmental and Corporate Redlining Practices and Racial Segregation in American Cities Case Study 3.3: Getting from Here To There When You Have No Other Option: Public Transportation Routes, Likelihood of Stable Employment, and Health Health Inequities Globally Case Study 3.4: Fortification As a Health-Equitable Prevention Method Summary Discussion Questions References Section II: An Eco-Social Approach: What Causes Health and What We Can Do About it Chapter 4: Eco-Social Perspective: Individual Behavior and Health Learning Objectives Overview: Health Happens and Is Experienced in Individuals Health Behaviors and the Causes of Individual Health Understanding Individual Behavior Theories of Behavior and Behavior Change How Public Health Interventions Can Improve Individual Behavior and Improve Health Individual Behavior Intersecting With Other Eco-Social Drivers of Health Case Study 4.1: Disaster Preparedness for Public Health Professionals Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 5: Eco-Social Perspective: Social Networks and Health Learning Objectives Overview: Social Networks Understanding the Role of Social Networks The Operation of Social Networks in Infectious Disease Spread The Operation of Social Networks in Noncommunicable Diseases Case Study 5.1: Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Transmission Through Social Networks Potentiated by Fear-Related Behaviors Case Study 5.2: Evolving Directions in Social Networks: Health Implications for Active Users of Social Media Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 6: Eco-Social Perspective: Neighborhoods, Cities, and Health Learning Objectives Overview: Neighborhoods are the Places Where We Live and Cities Are Where the Majority of Humans Live What is a Neighborhood? How Places (Neighborhoods) Affect Our Health Case Study 6.1: Dying for Healthy Food: Food Deserts in American Neighborhoods Improving Neighborhoods to Advance the Health of Populations Evidence-Based Public Health Efforts That Improve Population Health in Neighborhoods City Living as the Most Prominent Demographic Change of Our Time What Is a City? How Cities Affect Our Health Evidence-Based Public Health Efforts That Improve Population Health in Cities Case Study 6.2: Can You Bicycle in American Cities? Making Cities Safe for Walking and Bicycling The Global Healthy Cities Movement Environmental Determinants and Their Role in Creating Healthy Cities Case Study 6.3: The Health of Boston Neighborhoods Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 7: Eco-Social Perspective: Countries, Politics, Policies, and Health Learning Objectives Overview: Politics and Policies are Inseparable from Our Health Case Study 7.1: Crazy for Corn: How Federal Corn Subsidies in the United States Result in Widespread Availability of Calorie-Dense, Nutrient-Poor Food, Leading to Obesity How National Political Decisions Shape the Determinants of Health Case Study 7.2: The American Way: Driving Our Health Into the Ground Examples of Political Decisions that Modified Population Health How Organized Public Health Efforts Can Encourage Political Action Toward Healthy Populations The Role of Corporations in Shaping Policies That affect population Health Case Study 7.3: Continuing Use of Lead by Corporations Despite Safety Concerns Case Study 7.4: Corporations, Hydrofracking, and Population Health Case Study 7.5: Meeting the Challenges of Obesity Summary Discussion Questions References Section III: Across the Life Course: What Causes Health and What we can Do About it Chapter 8: Life Course Perspective: Perinatal Period, Infancy, and Childhood and Health Learning Objectives Overview: The Life Course Perspective Health in Early Childhood How Health is Generated During the Earliest Phases of the Life Course Case Study 8.1: Two Women’s Stories Understanding Threats to Health How Public Health Can Mitigate Threats to Health During the Earliest Phases of the Life Course Examples of Public Health Actions to Improve Health Early in the Life Course Case Study 8.2: The Finnish Baby Box Scaling Up Interventions for Global Dissemination Case Study 8.3: India’s Integrated Child Development Services: Example of Scaling Up Public Health Efforts to Improve Health Through Action During Childhood Case Study 8.4: Separating Children and Parents at the Border: When Scaling Up a Government Program Is Antithetical to Population Health Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 9: Life Course Perspective: Adolescence and Young Adulthood and Health Learning Objectives Overview The Health of Adolescents and Young Adults How Adolescence Shapes Health Throughout the Life Course Mortality Patterns Among Youth and Young Adults Health Behaviors and Patterns of Injury and Illness for Youth and Young Adults in the United States Case Study 9.1: Adolescent Obesity in Relation to Unhealthy Dietary Behaviors and Physical Inactivity How to Encourage the Adoption Of Health-Promoting, Protective Behaviors How Public Health Can Mitigate Threats to Health During Adolescence/Young Adulthood Case Study 9.2: Adolescent and Young Adult Suicide: Rising Rates and Proliferating Risks Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 10: Life Course Perspective: Adulthood and Health Learning Objectives Overview: Health During the Adult Years Health in Relation to the Responsibilities of Adulthood How Health Is Generated During Adulthood How Disease Risks Evolve Over the Course of Adulthood How Public Health Can Mitigate These Threats to Health During Adulthood Case Study 10.1: Evidence-Based Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence Case Study 10.2: Depression in Adulthood Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 11: Life Course Perspective: Older Age and Health Learning Objectives Overview: The Aging Demographic Transition Evolving Population Patterns in an Aging World The Causes of Health in Older Age Increasing Disease Incidence and Prevalence of Diseases of Aging Global Healthcare Needs in an Aging World Changing Environments to Create Health in Older Age Case Study 11.1: Creating Health Reciprocally Across Generations Case Study 11.2: How Healthy Older Adults Can Help Create Health in Younger Ages How Public Health Can Mitigate Threats to Health During Older Age Case Study 11.3: Universal Design Case Study 11.4: Alzheimer’s Disease Summary Discussion Questions References Section IV: The Methods of Public Health Chapter 12: Analytic Approaches: The Evidence Base for Public Health Learning Objectives Overview: The Goals of Population Health Science The Analytic Approach to Population Health Science How Analytic Approaches Generate Evidence and Guide Public Health Action Case Study 12.1: Analyzing Forced Displacement As a Public Health Issue Using Mixed Methods Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 13: The Methods of Public Health Practice Learning Objectives Overview: The Scope of Public Health Practice Public Health Systems Three Core Functions of Public Health Practice Case Study 13.1: Public Health Practice During Florida Hurricane Season Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 14: Systems Science, Implementation Science, and Public Health Programs Learning Objectives Overview: Populations as Complex Systems A Complex System Approach to Understand the Health of Populations An Overview of the Methods of Analysis Applicable to Complex Systems Policy Resistance and the Limitations of Our Understanding On the Need For Transdisciplinary Approaches to Understand Complex Population Health Systems How Public Health Systems Can Be Built to Create Stronger Paths to Implementation Bridging Discovery Science and the Delivery of Evidence-Based Interventions The Principles That Guide Effective Implementation Fragile Points in the Implementation Chain Where Interventions Can Fail The Intersection of Public Health With Healthcare Delivery Systems Case Study 14.1: Making Your Pain Go Away/Creating an Opioid Epidemic Summary Discussion Questions References Chapter 15: Community Engagement and Advocacy to Promote and Protect Health Learning Objectives Overview: Public Health is Concerned with the Cultural and Economic Contexts that Shape Health Case Study 15.1: Fast Food and the Ongoing Threat of Obesity The Multiple Sectors that Shape the Health of the Public Case Study 15.2: Laws and the Health of the Public Formal Models for Knowledge Translation Into Action Advocacy and Community Engagement As Core Components of Public Health Examples of Public Health Actions Informed by Collective Action Example of Collective Action Informed by Public Health Evidence and Activity Case Study 15.3: Citizen Action for Disaster Mitigation Summary Discussion Questions References Index

Featuring Engaging Podcasts Highlighting Major Public Health Case Studies in all 15 Chapters!

Public Health: An Introduction to the Science and Practice of Population Health is a foundational textbook designed for students who are launching their public health studies and preparing for professions in the field. Our health is generated throughout our lives and by the world around us—by where we live, where we work, and who we interact with on a daily basis. This book, therefore, takes a unique approach to teach public health. It combines an eco-social framework with a life course perspective on population health to help the student understand how our experiences and context shape our health and how this informs the practice of public health.

Written by leading public health educators, the textbook begins with the foundations—a history of public health and a discussion of the core values of health equity and disease prevention. An engaging survey of the eco-social framework and life course factors affecting health follows. The book concludes with a section dedicated to population health methods, implementation science, community engagement, advocacy, and health promotion. The book is illustrated throughout by cases that cross disciplines, that engage the student with issues of contemporary concern that are the remit of public health, and that offer systematic analyses that point toward solutions. With a focused approach to public health that guides the student through the causes of health—across levels and across stages in the life course—this groundbreaking, first-of-its-kind textbook integrates the core components of the field in clear and lucid language. Timely and relevant case studies, practical learning objectives, discussion questions in all chapters, numerous tables and illustrations throughout, chapter-based podcasts, and more make Public Health an innovative and lively platform for understanding the science of population health and the practice of public health.

Key Features:

• A modern approach to the field that grounds the study of public health in life course and eco-social frameworks to better organize the science of population health and the practice of public health
• Explains the central role that prevention and health equity play in improving population health
• Features case studies that discuss contemporary issues affecting population health, including heart disease, Ebola, environmental exposures, gun violence, the opioid epidemic, health policy, and many more
• High volume of figures and tables to illustrate key points
• Includes a robust Instructor ancillary package with PowerPoints, an Instructor’s Manual, test banks, discussion questions, and conversion guide

This best-selling guide to the practicum and internship experience, written expressly for graduate counseling students by a seasoned counselor and educator, is now substantially revised. New and expanded content touches on CACREP developments, trauma-informed care, social media, mindfulness, multicultural competencies, and more. With a strong focus on counseling as a specific professional identity, the book helps graduate students and new counselors develop their own approach to counseling and supervision, maintaining beneficial working relationships, self-care, sharpening writing skills, and record-keeping. A completely new chapter focuses on trauma-informed care developed from evidence-based approaches. Concise and accessible, the book describes everything students need to know as they enter and progress through the practicum and internship process. Replete with case examples and sample forms, it encompasses information on how to select and apply for practicum/internships in all settings. It also examines ethical and legal issues, ensuring student safety at field sites, and clinical issues including teletherapy and termination. Instructor and student ancillary materials are included with this new edition. New to the Third Edition: Updated to include content on 2014 ACA Code of Ethics and CACREP developments New chapter on trauma-informed care including evidence-based approaches Information on crisis intervention and de-escalation Increased content on supervision styles and models Expanded information on student safety at field sites, job searching, dealing with mandated/resistant clients, and goal setting and self-evaluation Receiving feedback from supervisors and providing feedback to peers Stages of change/client willingness to change as counseling model Discussions about social media, vicarious trauma, cyberbullying, and mindfulness Teletherapy including confidentiality issues, hacking, encryption, and legal issues Multicultural counseling competencies Expanded case studies New Instructors Manual and PowerPoint slides Key Features: Focuses on counseling as a specific professional identity and mentors students in a supportive, user-friendly style Covers everything students need to know as they enter and progress through the practicum/internship process Includes abundant case examples A concluding chapter on preparing for the job search, rsums, cover letters, and negotiating salary This Is A Foundational Textbook Designed For Students Who Are Launching Their Public Health Studies And Preparing For Professions In The Field. Our Health Is Generated Throughout Our Lives And By The World Around Us-by Where We Live, Where We Work, And Who We Interact With On A Daily Basis. This Book Therefore Takes A Unique Approach To Teaching Public Health. It Combines An Eco-social Framework With A Life Course Perspective On Population Health To Help The Student Understand How Our Experiences And Our Context Shape Our Health And How This Informs The Practice Of Public Health--provided By Publisher. Public Health And Population Health : Understanding Health And Disease -- What Causes Health Of Populations? An Eco-social And Life Approach -- At The Heart Of Public Health : Prevention And Health Equity -- Eco-social Perspective : Individual Behavior And Health -- Eco-social Perspective : Social Networks And Health -- Eco-social Perspective : Neighborhoods, Cities, And Health -- Eco-social Perspective : Countries, Politics, Policies, And Health -- Life Course Perspective : Peri-natal Period, Infancy, Childhood, And Health -- Life Course Perspective : Adolescence, Young Adulthood, And Health -- Life Course Perspective : Adulthood And Health -- Life Course Perspective : Older Age And Health -- Analytic Approaches : The Evidence-base For Public Health -- The Methods Of Public Health Practice -- Systems Science, Implementation Science, And Public Health Programs -- Community Engagement And Advocacy To Promote And Protect Health. James M. Shultz, Lisa Sullivan, Sandro Galea. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.