Psychological Investigations of Competence in Decision Making (Cambridge Series on Judgment and Decision Making)

This book opens up new directions in judgment and decision making research. Our society and academic research have largely neglected the fact that sound judgment and decision making are the crux of many professions. This volume explores metacognitive processes as an enabler of competence at decision making. Offering a new analysis of competence, by understanding and communicating what professional decision makers do, this book provides valuable contributions to the judgement/decision making field as well as the professional community at large. Brain damage can cause memory to break down in a number of different ways, the analysis of which can illuminate how the intact brain mediates memory processes. After first considering the problems involved in assessing memory, this book provisionally advances a taxonomy of elementary memory disorders and, for each in turn, reviews both the specific processes that are disrupted and the lesions responsible for the disruption. These disorders include short-term memory deficits, deficits in previously well-established memory, memory decifits caused by frontal lobe lesions, the organic amnesias, the disorders of conditioning and skill acquisition. Particular attention is paid to the organic amnesias, about which we know the most, and to the contributions of animal models to our knowledge. Andrew Mayes argues that the memory deficits found in several neurological and psychiatric syndromes comprise co-occurring elementary memory disorders. Finally, he outlines the implications of his taxonomy for our understanding of normal memory. A wide audience of researchers and students will find Human Organic Memory Disorders a helpful guide to a complex problem area Abstract......Page 1 Introduction: What Does It Mean to Be Competent? (Kip Smith, James Shanteau, and Paul Johnson)......Page 4 PART I: METACOGNITION-SELF......Page 8 1. The Conversion Decision in Laparoscopic Surgery: Knowing Your Limits and Limiting Your Risks (Cynthia O. Dominguez, John M. Flach, Patricia L. McDermott, Daniel M. McKellar, and Margaret Dunn)......Page 9 2. Competence in Weather Forecasting (Rebecca M. Pliske, Beth Crandall, and Gary Klein)......Page 42 PART II: METACOGNITION-OTHERS......Page 71 3. Managing Risk in Social Exchange (Stefano Grazioli, Kip Smith, and Paul Johnson)......Page 72 4. Emergency Decision Making (Jan Skriver, Lynne Martin, and Rhona Flin)......Page 125 5. Designing for Competence (Patricia M. Jones)......Page 150 PART III: ENABLERS OF COMPETENCE......Page 162 6. Arguments and Decisions (David Hardman and Peter Ayton)......Page 163 7. Representations of Uncertainty and Change: Three Case Studies with Experts (Elke M. Kurz-Milcke, Gerd Gigerenzer, and Ulrich Hoffrage)......Page 188 8. The Vice of Consensus and the Virtue of Consistency (David J. Weiss and James Shanteau)......Page 226 Index......Page 241 By understanding and communicating what professional decision makers do and how they do it well, this volume makes valuable contributions both to the judgement/decision-making field and to the professional community at large. By understanding and communicating what professional decision makers do and how they do it well, this volume makes valuable contributions both to the judgement/decision making field and to the professional community at large