Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry (Advances in Biological Psychiatry, Vol. 29)

This publication compiles data generated by proteomics and metabolomics about psychiatric disorders. Leading researchers in these fields review the basic principles of proteomics and metabolomics and propose the new directions to be followed in molecular psychiatry. The chapters divided into two sections – Schizophrenia/Psychotic Disorders and Mood Disorders – deal with findings in diverse tissues from human and preclinical models in order to unravel the biology and biochemistry behind the establishment and course of these illnesses as well as potential biomarkers for clinical applications. More than an update, this publication indicates the next steps to discover biomarkers and understand psychiatric disorders more comprehensively. This publication is valuable reading for psychiatrists, neuroscientists and analytical chemists interested in the basics of proteomics and metabolomics, psychiatric definitions and the most advanced hypotheses about the pathobiology of schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. Proteomics and Metabolomics in Psychiatry 4 Contents 6 Preface 8 Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders 10 Proteomic Characterization of the Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Schizophrenia Patients 10 Schizophrenia 10 Proteomics 11 The Importance of Studying the Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes 12 Glycolysis Pathway and Oxidative Stress 12 Phospholipid Metabolism Disruption and Calcium Homeostasis 16 Signaling Pathways 17 Glia and Myelination-Related Alterations 18 Cytoskeletal Alterations 19 Conclusion 20 References 21 Peripheral Biomarker Candidates in Schizophrenia 25 Introduction 25 Search for Biomarker Candidates: Methods and Challenges 26 Markers for Neural Transmission 27 Neurotrophic Factors 27 Markers for Oxidative Stress 28 Endocrine Markers 28 Immunological Parameters as Possible Markers 29 Signalling Pathways, Gene Expression Processes and Epigenetic Markers 30 Lipidomics 30 Discussion 30 References 33 Schizophrenia: Blood-Serum-Plasma Metabolomics 36 Introduction 36 Overview of Metabolomics and Metabolome 37 Metabolic Signatures 39 Selection of Metabolomic Platforms 39 Development of Metabolic Biomarkers for Schizophrenia 42 Conclusions 47 References 48 Proteomic and Metabolomic Evidence for Glial Alterations in Schizophrenia 54 Role of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia 54 Proteomic Evidence for Oligodendrocyte Alterations in Grey Matter in Schizophrenia 55 Proteomic Evidence for Oligodendrocyte Alterations in White Matter in Schizophrenia 57 Proteomic Evidence for Astrocyte Alterations in Grey Matter in Schizophrenia 58 Proteomic Evidence for Astrocyte Alterations in White Matter in Schizophrenia 59 Proteomic Evidence for Microglial Alterations in Schizophrenia 60 Impact of Clinical and Demographic Factors on Proteomic Data 60 Technical Limitations 60 Metabolomic Evidence for Glial Alterations in Schizophrenia 61 Conclusions 61 Acknowledgements 62 References 62 Insights from Proteomic Studies on Schizophrenia Preclinical Models: What Can We Learn for Drug Discovery? 65 Introduction 66 Schizophrenia: Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation 66 Schizophrenia: Clinical Presentation 66 What Is a Preclinical Model? 67 Proteomics 68 Proteomics in Schizophrenia 70 Proteomic Studies on Preclinical Models of Schizophrenia 71 Challenges Currently Faced and Concluding Remarks 77 Acknowledgment 77 References 78 Metabolomics to Study Psychotic Disorders and Their Metabolic Comorbidities 83 Introduction 83 Metabolome in Health and Disease 84 Techniques of Metabolomics 85 Metabolomics to Study Psychotic Disorders 85 Conclusions 87 Acknowledgments 87 References 87 Mood Disorders 90 Peripheral Biomarkers for Depression by Plasma and Serum Proteomics 90 Introduction 90 Blood and the Need for Noninvasive Biomarkers for Depression 91 One Step at a Time or the Whole Nine Yards 92 Multiplexing: Finding the ‘Dirty Dozen’ 93 Do We Need Diagnostic Tests? 95 Reading the Coffee Grounds: Peripheral Biomarkers of Antidepressant Response 96 Future Peripheral Biomarker Research in Depression: A Menu Advice 96 Acknowledgments 97 References 98 Proteomics of Preclinical Models of Depression 101 Introduction 101 Animal Models of MDD 102 Animal Models Investigated in Proteomic Studies 102 Proteomic Methods Used in MDD Model Investigations 104 Stress-Related Models 105 Anxiety Models 108 Other Models 108 Concluding Remarks 108 References 109 Antidepressant Response Metabonomics 112 Depression 112 Antidepressants 112 Models of Depression 114 Metabonomics and Methods 115 Biomarkers 117 Pathways 117 Conclusions and Perspectives 122 References 122 Proteomics and Metabolomics of Bipolar Disorder 125 Introduction 125 Proteomics and BD 126 Metabolomics and BD 132 Conclusions and Perspectives 134 References 135 Use of Metabolomics and Proteomics to Reveal Pathophysiological Pathways in Anxiety Disorders 137 Introduction 137 Metabolomics 139 Metabolite Studies and Anxiety 139 Metabolomics Combined with Proteomics 144 References 145 Author Index 148 Subject Index 149 Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders Proteomic Characterization of the Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Schizophrenia Patients - Café-Mendes C.C. · Gattaz W.F. · Schmitt A. · Britto L.R.G. · Martins-de-Souza D. Peripheral Biomarker Candidates in Schizophrenia - Thome J. · Bratek A. · Krysta K. Schizophrenia: Blood-Serum-Plasma Metabolomics - Lista S. · Giegling I. · Rujescu D. Proteomic and Metabolomic Evidence for Glial Alterations in Schizophrenia - Beasley C.L. · Barakauskas V.E. Insights from Proteomic Studies on Schizophrenia Preclinical Models: What Can We Learn for Drug Discovery? - Farrelly L.A. · Föcking M. · Cotter D.R. Metabolomics to Study Psychotic Disorders and Their Metabolic Comorbidities - Orešič M. Mood Disorders Peripheral Biomarkers for Depression by Plasma and Serum Proteomics - Domenici E. Proteomics of Preclinical Models of Depression - Carboni L. Antidepressant Response Metabonomics - Qin X. · Gao X. · Qiao Y. · Zhou Y. · Tian J. · Li Z. Proteomics and Metabolomics of Bipolar Disorder - Sussulini A. Use of Metabolomics and Proteomics to Reveal Pathophysiological Pathways in Anxiety Disorders - Altmaier E. · Emeny R.T. Proteomic characterization of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenia patients / Caf-Mendes, C.C.; Gattaz, W.F.; Schmitt, A.; Britto, L.R.G.; Martins-de-Souza, D Peripheral biomarker candidates in schizophrenia / Thome, J.; Bratek, A.; Krysta, K Schizophrenia : blood-serum-plasma metabolomics / Lista, S.; Giegling, I.; Rujescu, D Proteomic and metabolomic evidence for glial alterations in schizophrenia / Beasley, C.L.; Barakauskas, V.E Insights from proteomic studies on schizophrenia preclinical models : what can we learn for drug discovery? / Farrelly, L.A.; Fcking, M.; Cotter, D.R Metabolomics to study psychotic disorders and their metabolic comorbidities / Oresi, M Peripheral biomarkers for depression by plasma and serum proteomics / Domenici, E Proteomics of preclinical models of depression / Carboni, L Antidepressant response metabonomics / Qin, X.; Gao, X.; Qiao, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Tian, J.; Li, Z Proteomics and metabolomics of bipolar disorder / Sussulini, A Use of metabolomics and proteomics to reveal pathophysiological pathways in anxiety disorders / Altmaier, E.; Emeny, R.T.