Protection of Historical Constructions: Proceedings of PROHITECH 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Book 209)

Preface Organization Conference Chairmen Organizing Committee International Scientific Committee International Advisory Committee Contents Properties Investigation and Monitoring Strength Grading of Structural Timber in Existing Structures – Study on the Apparatus Supported Grading with the Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurement 1 Introduction 2 Strength Grading of Timber in Existing Structures 3 The Ultrasonic Test Method 4 Comparative Material Tests 4.1 Aim and Subject 4.2 Methods 4.3 Visual Strength Grading 4.4 Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Measurements 4.5 Destructive Bending Tests 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Visual Strength Grading 5.2 Grading with the Ultrasonic Time-of-Flight Method 5.3 Grading Based on Indicating Properties 6 Conclusion References In Situ Tests Procedures for the Evaluation of Masonry Mechanical Parameters 1 Introduction 2 Masonry Mechanical Characterization 2.1 Masonry Types 2.2 Tests Methods 3 A Test Procedure for the Experimental Characterization of Masonry Walls 3.1 In-situ Flat Jack Tests 3.2 An Innovative In-situ Shear Test 4 Case Studies 4.1 Case Study A 4.2 Case Study B 4.3 Analysis of Results and Comparisons 5 Conclusions References Application of Non-destructive Techniques for the Investigation of Old Masonry Structures 1 Introduction 2 Non-destructive Techniques Used 2.1 Ground Penetrating Radar 2.2 Boroscopy 2.3 Schmidt Hammer Testing 3 Application of the Techniques and Test Results 3.1 Katholikon of Osios Loucas Monastery in Boeteia 3.2 Monastery of Kaisariani in Attica 3.3 Agia Paraskevi Church in Chalkida 3.4 Nativity of Christ’s Church in Athens 4 Conclusions References In-situ Experimental Research to Reinforce, Restore and Enhance the Historical Monument EVANGELICAL CHURCH C.A. SIBIU 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Results 2.1 Determinations of Masonry Elements 2.2 Determinations of the Mortar Characteristics 2.3 Determination of the Compressive Strength of the Masonry in Situ Using Flat Presses 3 Conclusion References Model Tests on the Stability of Retaining Walls with Gabions Under Earthquake and Rainfall Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Previous Study on Gabion Structures 2.1 Damage Survey 2.2 Full-Scale Experiments of Gabion Retaining Wall 3 Outline of Model Test 3.1 Experimental Model, Materials and Experimental Device 3.2 Experimental Case 4 Results of Experiments 4.1 Effects of Preceding Rainfall on Dynamic Behavior 4.2 Effects of Combined Effects of Earthquake and Rainfall 5 Summary References Technology, Diagnosis and Structural Assessment on Timber Composite Beams in Venice Arsenal at the Biennale 1 Introduction 2 Historical Background 3 Constructive Technology 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Technological Survey 4.2 Dendrochronological Investigations 5 Structural Assessment 6 Conclusions References Characterization of Old Concrete from a Heritage Structure of Inousses Cluster of Islands 1 Introduction 2 History and Topography 3 Experimental 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Thermal Analysis Results 4.2 NMR Results 5 Conclusions References Technological Evolution of Historic Mortars: From Lime-Based Mortars to Roman Opus Caementicium 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mineralogy, Petrography, Microstructure and Mineralogy 3.2 Stable Isotope Analysis 4 Conclusion References Stable Isotopic Composition of Carbonate Materials for Determination of the Origin of Marble Artifacts 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Samples and Results 4 Discussion-Conclusions References Stable Isotope for Tracing the Salt Involved in the Degradation of Stone Monuments 1 Introduction 2 Sampling 3 Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Displacements with Remote Sensing and Standard Ground Survey for the Benedictine Basilica of S. Angelo in Formis (Southern Italy) 1 Introduction 2 The Benedictine Basilica of S. Angelo in Formis 3 Methodology and Datasets 3.1 Geological and Geomorphological Settings 3.2 Previous Damage Description 3.3 Monitoring Data 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Achieving a Suitable Hygro-Mechanical Compatibility Between the Substrate and the Repairing Mortars in Historic Mansory Constructions 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Physical-Mechanical Characterization of Mortars 2.2 Environmental Monitoring and Surface Moisture Mapping 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Shaking Table Tests Determining Frequency and Stiffness Before and After Strengthening of a Confined Masonry Wall Without an Opening 1 Introduction 2 Outline of the Research and Main Targets 3 General Methodology for Testing of the Specimens – Phases, Ground Motion and Instrumentation 3.1 Definition of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Specimens 3.2 Definition of the Dynamic Behavior of the Specimens Under Earthquake/dynamic Excitation 3.3 Description of the Specimen 3.4 Instrumentation Set-Up 4 Shaking Table Tests for Definition of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Specimens 4.1 Unstrengthening Wall - Specimen CMFuS 4.2 Strengthening Wall - Specimen CMFS 5 Conclusions References Parameterization of Stainless Steel Rebars to Improve Bonding Strength in Masonry Repairing 1 Introduction 2 Project Steps and Working Plain 2.1 Finite-Element Simulation of Prototypes 2.2 Step 2: Manufacturing of Prototypes 2.3 Step 3: Experimental Validation of Prototypes 2.4 Step 4: Validation of Experimental Results 3 Advances of the Project 3.1 Generation of Models 3.2 Finite-Elements Analysis of the Models 4 Conclusions References Monitoring of Changes of External Climate Influence on Inner Microclimate of Sacral Building 1 Introduction 2 Aim of the Experiment 3 Method of the Experiment 4 Results of Experiment 5 Conclusions References Structural Behaviour of Clay Brick Lime Mortar Masonry Walls Under Lateral Cyclic Loading in Dry and Wet Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme 2.1 Material Properties 2.2 Diagonal Panels 2.3 Large Walls Under Combined Loading 3 Test Results and Observations 3.1 Diagonal Panels 3.2 Large Scale Walls 4 Concluding Remarks References Shear-Compression Failure Envelopes for Clay Brick Lime Mortar Masonry Under Wet and Dry Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Constituent Materials 3 Experimental Assessment 3.1 Shear Triplet Tests 3.2 Diagonal Compression Tests 3.3 Compression Tests 4 Shear-Compression Envelopes 5 Concluding Remarks References Rediscover Traditional Gypsum: Territory, Traditional Architecture and Rediscovery of Traditional Gypsum 1 Introduction 2 Arquitectura de la Segarra 3 The Geology of the Segarra 4 Recovery of a Traditional Gypsum Oven 5 Materials and Methodology 5.1 Mineralogical Composition 5.2 Evolution of the Temperature of the Traditional Plaster Oven 6 Results 6.1 Characterization of the Gypsum 6.2 Thermal Analysis of the Traditional Gypsum Oven 7 Conclusions References Modelling and Analysis Response Simulation of Aseismic Retrofit for a Reinforced Concrete Historic Building Structure Using a Variable Friction Damper 1 Introduction 2 Variable Friction Damper 3 Analysis Methods 3.1 Analytical Model of Main Frame 3.2 Analytical Model of Damper 3.3 Input Motions and Other Conditions 4 Analysis Results 4.1 Response Hysteresis Loops 4.2 Peak Responses 5 Conclusions References Seismic Damage Evaluation and Decisions on Interventions Supported by UAV-Based Surveys 1 Introduction 2 Digital Technologies in Post-earthquake Scenarios 3 Seismicity in the Apennines Region 4 Monitoring Information and Construction of 3D Study Models 5 Importance of Geomatics Studies for Disaster Management 6 Damage and Reliability Levels 7 Case Study Implementation Proposal 8 Conclusions References System Identification and Finite Element Modelling of Damaged Bal Mandir Monument in Kathmandu After the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake 1 Introduction 2 Bal Mandir 3 System Identification 3.1 Non Parametric Method 3.2 Parametric Method 4 Finite Element Modeling 5 Concluding Remarks References The Urban Refugee Settlements of Xanthi (1922–1930): Recording and Typological-Morphological Analysis of the Existing Refugee Dwellings 1 Introduction 1.1 General Approach and Brief Historical Events 2 City of Xanthi: Brief History and Urban Development 3 The Urban Refugee Settlements of Xanthi and the Recording of Existing Buildings 3.1 The Stratonon and Kypselis Settlements 3.2 The Gymnastyriou Settlement 3.3 The Assa District Settlement 4 Typological Analyses of the Urban Refugee Houses 5 Architectural Forms Analyses of the Urban Refugee Houses 6 Conclusion References Cultural Heritage Exposed to Natural Hazards: The Case Study of the Convent of San Domenico in Maiori 1 Introduction 2 History of the Building 3 Geometric Survey and Description of the Building 4 The Damage Survey and Preliminary Interpretation 5 Conclusions References The Dynamic Response of a Vertical Dry-Stone Masonry Assembly as a Mock-Up of Masonry Wall Fortifications 1 Introduction 2 Study of the New Monoliths 3 A 6-Stone Dry-Masonry Assembly Wall Mock-Up Subjected to Horizontal Base Motions 4 Measured Dynamic Response of the Tested 5-Stone Dry-Masonry Assembly 4.1 Dynamic Response of the Five-Stone Assembly Without Wires When Subjected to Horizontal Sinusoidal Base Motions 4.2 Dynamic Response of the Five-Stone Assembly Having Wire Connectors When Subjected to Horizontal Sinusoidal Base Motions 5 Numerically Predicted Dynamic Response of the Tested 5-Stone Dry-Masonry Assembly 5.1 Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Response of the Five-Stone Assembly Without Wires When Subjected to Horizontal Sinusoidal Base Motions 5.2 Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Response of the Five-Stone Assembly Having Wire Connectors When Subjected to Horizontal Sinusoidal Base Motions 6 Conclusions References Preserving a Modern Neighborhood: Koşuyolu 1 Introduction 2 Housing Initiatives in the Young Turkish Republic 3 Koşuyolu Neighborhood: A Low-Cost Housing Project 4 Neighborhood Transformed 5 Heritage Values of the Place 6 Conclusion: Threats, Potentialities and Suggestions References The Female Presence in the Brazilian Modern Architecture: A View Through Acrópole Magazine’s Pages 1 Introduction 1.1 Women and the Architecture 1.2 Problem Delimitation and Justification 2 Contextualization 2.1 The Labor Market and Its Feminization 2.2 Acrópole Magazine: Introducing the Journal 3 Women in the Acrópole 3.1 The Search 3.2 Lygia Fernandes 3.3 Odiléa Toscano 3.4 Rosa Kliass 4 Final Considerations References In-plane Behavior of Iron-Framed Masonry Panels: Numerical Analyses 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analyses of Unreinforced Masonry Walls 2.1 Comparisons Between the Results of FE and DME Models for the Unreinforced Panels 3 Numerical Analyses of Reinforced Masonry Walls 3.1 Comparison Between the Results of the Two Models of the Reinforced Panels 4 Conclusions and Future Developments References Assessment of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Post-processing Techniques Applied to the Auckland War Memorial Cenotaph 1 Introduction 2 The Survey 3 Post Processing Comparison 3.1 Point Cloud 3.2 Mesh 3.3 Geometry 3.4 Overall Comparison 4 Conclusion References Numerical Evaluation of Seismic Retrofitting of Heritage Building by Friction Dampers Based on Geometry Obtained by Laser Scans 1 Introduction 2 Laser Scans and Numerical Modelling of Monument 3 Experimental Evaluation of Friction Dampers 4 Numerical Modelling of Monument with Friction Dampers 5 Conclusions References Progressive Collapse Retrofit of a RC Hospital Building Using Steel Braces 1 Introduction 2 The Case Study 3 Progressive Collapse Analysis of the Existing Structure 3.1 Nonlinear Static (Pushdown) Analysis 3.2 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis 4 Progressive Collapse Retrofit with Steel Braces 5 Conclusions References Investigation of the Pathology Causes of Xana, Greece by the Use of Nonlinear Finite Element Analyses 1 Introduction 2 Case Study, Xana: Structure and Pathology 3 Finite Element Modeling 4 Results 4.1 1stLoading Scenario: Gravity Loads, Function of Tendons 4.2 2ndLoading Scenario: Gravity Loads, Absence of Tendons 4.3 3rdLoading Scenario: Gravity Loads, Absence of Heavy Roof 4.4 4thloading Scenario: Gravity Loads, Absence of Tendons, Absence of Heavy Roof 4.5 5thLoading Scenario: Earthquake Loading 4.6 6thLoading Scenario: Earthquake Loading, Absence of Wooden Tendons 4.7 7thLoading Scenario: Gravity Loading, Absence of Wooden Tendons, Foundation Settlement 5 Conclusions References Presentation and Evaluation of the Loading and Unloading Mechanisms of the Industrial French Wharf of Lavrion 1 Introduction and Historical Perspective 2 Wharf Mapping of Mechanical Equipment and Carriages Movement Infrastructure 3 Explanation of Wharf Infrastructures 3.1 Investigation of the Railways 3.2 Phase I – Loading of Minerals 3.3 Phase II – Unloading of Commercial Products 3.4 Analysis of Rotating Disc 4 Lifting Platform 5 Conclusions References Hemp-FRP for Seismic Retrofitting of Existing Masonry Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Reference Tests 3 Numerical Analysis 4 Seismic Upgrading of Masonry Walls by H-FRP 5 Comparison Between H-FRP and C-FRP 6 Conclusions References Restoration and Structural Analysis of an Irregular Byzantine Monument – A Discussion on a Simplifying Analysis Procedure 1 Introduction 2 Pathology of the Structure 3 Description of the Structural Model 4 Simplifying Calculations 5 FEA Model Results and Discussion 5.1 Displacements 5.2 Stresses 6 Conclusions References Three Dimensional Modeling of a Multiblock Roman Column Under Harmonic Excitations 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 2.1 Method 2.2 Results 3 Discussion of the Results 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Archaeological Theories for Monuments on the Basis of Sophisticated Structural Analysis Numerical Simulations 1 Introduction 2 The Method 3 Case Study 3.1 The Monument: The Propylaea of the Athenian Acropolis 3.2 The Assessment 4 Concluding Remarks References Parametric Investigation of the Seismic Response of Ancient Isodomic Masonry Walls 1 Introduction 2 Structural Models Considered 2.1 Construction of the Original Walls 2.2 Structure Analyzed 3 Numerical Analysis 3.1 Numerical Model of the Structure 3.2 Seismic Excitations 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Effect of the Wall Inclination 4.2 The Effect of the Connectors 4.3 The Effect of Damage 5 Conclusions References The Application of 3D Image-Based Photogrammetry in Thai Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Wat Chai Wattanaram 1 Background and Importance 2 Literature Review and Related Theory 3 Methodology 3.1 Image Acquisition 3.2 Image-Based 3D Photogrammetry 3.3 Solid Model Creation 3.4 Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Model by Finite Element Method 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Generalized Algorithm for Segmental Topology of Rampant Arch 1 Introduction 2 Generalized Algorithm for Plotting Rampant Arch Geometry 2.1 Drawing of Rampant Arch 3 Computer Software 4 Conclusion References Protection of Historic Stone Masonry Walls Against Blast Loads 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Research 2.1 Test Specimens 2.2 Test Equipment (Shock Tube) and Test Setup 2.3 Blast Loading and Test Results 3 Retrofit Design Recommendations 4 Conclusions References Numerical Modelling for Assessing the Structural Efficiency of CAM®Reinforcement System for Masonry Walls 1 Introduction 2 The CAM®System: Description of the System and Reference Experimental Tests 2.1 Description of the CAM®System 2.2 The Reference Experimental Test 2.3 Experimental Results 3 Numerical Modelling 3.1 Introduction 3.2 The FE Model for the Unreinforced Panel URM 3.3 The FE Model for the Reinforced Panel RM 4 Conclusions and Future Developments References Comprehensive Management Systems of the Quito Heritage. Church the Compañía de Jesús 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Case Study 4 Methodology 4.1 Data Acquisition Procedure 4.2 First Photogrammetric Studies of the Church of the Company 4.3 Study of the Pulpit. Photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SFM) 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Seismic Behavior of Historical Royal Cenotaphs (Chhatris) in Gujarat, India During the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake 1 Background 2 Seismicity of the Region 2.1 2001 Bhuj Earthquake 2.2 Performance of Heritage Structures - Cenotaphs 3 Cenotaphs (Chhatri) Geometry and Material Properties 4 Structural Analysis 5 Results 5.1 Gravity Load 5.2 Modal Analysis 5.3 Earthquake (Static) Loading (EQY) 5.4 Response Spectrum Analysis (RSY) 5.5 Full Time-History Analysis (THY) 6 Restoration 7 Conclusions References Estimation of Seismic Behaviour of Historic Masonry Structures by Shake Table Testing 1 Introduction 2 Testing Procedure 3 IZIIS Shaking Table 4 Shaking Table Tests of Historic Masonry Structures - Examples 4.1 Models of Historic Adobe Structures in California 4.2 Model of Representative Byzantine Church 5 Model of Marcus Aurelius Column in Rome 5.1 Model of Masonry Walls at Beauharnois Powerhouse 5.2 Models of Historical Monuments Tested Within PROHITECH Project 5.3 Model of the Old Bridge in Mostar 5.4 Model of Protiron Structure in Split 6 Conclusions References Structural Model Updating of a Historical Stone Masonry Tower in Tønsberg, Norway 1 Introduction 2 An Overview of the Case Study 3 Numerical Modeling 4 Dynamic Identification 5 FEM Updating 6 Conclusion References Digital Documentation and 3D Modelling in the Restoration of the First Ancient Theatre of Larissa, Greece 1 Introduction 2 Restoration of the First Ancient Theater of Larissa – Phase E 3 Digital Documentation: Implementation in Project Management 4 3D Modelling in the Restoration Process 5 3D Modelling and Digital Restoration of the Main Theatre 6 Conclusions References Assessment The Restoration of the Eupalinos Tunnel: The Many Faces of a Composite Project 1 Introduction 2 Structural Restoration 3 Geological Consolidation 4 Monument’s Enhancement 5 Illumination 6 Conclusions References Preliminary Seismic Risk Assessment of Monolithic Columns of the Aphaia Temple in Aegina 1 Introduction 2 Seismic Hazard 3 Structural Analysis 4 Seismic Risk 5 Conclusions References Spatial Variability of Ground Motion Hazard and Preliminary Regional Damage Assessment of Ancient Monuments 1 Introduction 2 Hazard Definition 3 Fragility Assessment 4 Risk Assessment 5 Conclusions References Evaluation of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber Members in Existing Structures Based on Information from a Qualified Investigation In Situ Within a Stepwise Procedure 1 Introduction 2 Proposal for an Evaluation Procedure 3 Evaluation in Knowledge Level 1 4 Evaluation in Knowledge Level 2 4.1 General Remarks 4.2 Evaluation in Knowledge Level 2a 4.3 Evaluation in Knowledge Level 2b 4.4 Evaluation in Knowledge Level 2c 5 Evaluation in Knowledge Level 3 6 Conclusion References Non-linear Methods for the Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Masonry Historical Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Masonry Modelling and Structural Analysis 3 Comparison of Software Programs for the Analysis of Masonry Buildings 3.1 Investigated Software Codes 3.2 Case Study – “Casolare DT2” 3.3 Two-Story Unreinforced Masonry Building Tested at the Georgia Tech Laboratory 3.4 Case Study, The “Niccolini Primary School” in Florence 4 Conclusions References Investigating Stone Masonry Arch Bridges in Greece Employing In-situ Measurements and Numerical Predictions 1 Introduction 2 In-situ Measurements of the Dynamic Characteristics of the Studied Stone Bridges 3 Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Response Recorded In-Situ Utilizing Linear-Elastic Response Assumptions 4 Seismic Behaviour of the Saint Vissariona Bridge 5 Influence of the Foundation Deformability 6 Conclusions References The Performance of Two Unreinforced Masonry Churches in Greece Under Gravitation and Earthquake Actions 1 Introduction 2 Simplified Numerical Evaluation Process 3 Sliding-Shear Laboratory Tests 3.1 Numerical Simulation of the Triplet Test 4 Assessing the Structural Performance of Two Greek Churches Applying the Simplified Numerical Evaluation Process 4.1 The Observed Performance of the Transfiguration of Saviour 4.2 The Observed Performance of Profitis Elias 5 Conclusions References The Rehabilitation of the Historical Bridge of Konitsa: A Documentation-Based Investigation of Structural Behaviour 1 Introduction 2 Bridge Description 3 The Need for Rehabilitation 4 Documentation of the Bridge 5 Numerical Modeling - Calculation Methodology 6 Investigation of the Structural Behaviour of the Bridge 7 The Structural Role of the RC Jacket at the Intrados 8 Conclusions References Constructive Stages in the Architecture of Quito. XVII-XIX Centuries 1 Introduction 2 Construction Stages and Earthquakes 3 Conclusions References Hospital Building Performance Assessment Through Walkthrough Methodology Focusing on Technical Assessment 1 Introduction 2 The Performance Appraisal 3 Case Study: Sarah Centro Hospital, Brasilia - Brazil 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Evaluation of Archaeological Digs Effect on the Degradation of the Structures Found 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Physical Characterization of the Material 2.2 Conditioning of Samples 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions Remarks References Traction Resistance in Chemical Anchors Resistencia a Tracción En Anclajes Químicos 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Method 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Influence of Joints on the Seismic Response of Traditional Timber Frames in Turkey 1 Introduction 2 State of Art 3 Experimental Analysis of Timber Joints 3.1 Timber Characterization Tests 3.2 Lap Joint Tests 3.3 Mortise-Tenon Joint Tests 4 Global Semi-rigid Analysis 5 Conclusions References δ13C and δ18O Stable Isotope Analysis Applied to Indicate Sources of Water-Induced Degradation in Historic Monuments 1 Introduction 2 Experimental and Sampling 3 Results 3.1 Micromorphological and Elemental Analysis 3.2 Stable Isotope Analysis 4 Conclusion References The Restoration Proposal for the 4-storey Load Bearing Timber Structure of Matsopoulos Wheat Mill in Trikala (Greece) 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Timber Load Bearing Structure 3 Recording - Pathology - Assessment 3.1 General 3.2 The Structural Model as an Assessment Tool 3.3 The Pathology 4 The Restoration Proposal 4.1 Principles of the Proposal 4.2 Structural Analysis and Evaluation of the Intervention 4.3 Description of the Reinforcement Proposal 5 Conclusions References Adhesive Materials for the Conservation Interventions in the Acropolis Monuments 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Material and Properties 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Failure Modes 3.2 Marble to Mixes Interfaces 3.3 Stone Type A-To-Mixes Interfaces 3.4 Stone Type B-to-Mixes Interfaces 3.5 Stone Type C-to-Mixes Interfaces 4 Conclusions References Condition Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings in the Historic Strand District of Galveston 1 Introduction 2 Characteristics of Galveston and the Historical Strand District 3 Historical Building Profile in the Strand 3.1 Hutchings, Sealy and Company Building 3.2 Hendley Row 3.3 Rosenberg Building 3.4 Schneider Building 3.5 Clara Lang Building 3.6 J. S. Brown and Co. Bld. 3.7 Thomas Jefferson League Building 3.8 Greenleve, Block and Company 3.9 First National Bank Building 4 Historical Building Profile Determination in the Strand 5 Conclusions References Structural Evaluation of Historical Churches in Gumushane 1 Introduction 2 Seismic Characteristics of Gumushane 3 Risk Assessment for the Churches in Gumushane 4 Rapid Visual Inspection for Selected Historical Churches 5 Structural Behavior Estimation for the Churches 6 Conclusions References Seismic Retrofit of RC Buildings Using Metal Shear Panels 1 Introduction 2 Retrofit Design Using Aluminium Shear Panels 2.1 Pushover Curves and Trilinear Idealization 2.2 Equivalent Single-Degree System of Bare Frame 2.3 Design of Metal Shear Panels 3 Case Study 3.1 Seismic Assessment of the Existing Building 3.2 Design of Aluminiun Shear Panels 3.3 Seismic Assessment of Retrofitted Building 4 Conclusions References Emergency Interventions in the Castle Church of Monreal De Ariza (Spain) 1 Introduction 2 Emergency Interventions 2.1 Temporary or Definitive Interventions 2.2 Preventive or Repairing Works 2.3 Innovative or Traditional Works 2.4 Reversible or Irreversible Interventions 3 Conclusions References Restoration Techniques Experimental Verification of New Seismic Reinforcing Method for Temples and Shrines Built with Traditional Japanese Timber Construction 1 Introduction 2 Proposal and Experimental Verification of the New Reinforcement Construction Method Using NageshiBeam 2.1 Outline of the New Reinforcement Construction Method 2.2 Nageshi Beam Specimens 2.3 Loading Method 2.4 Results 3 Bending Experiments of Timber NetsugiJoints Reinforced with Car-Bon Fiber 3.1 Kanawa-Tsugi Joint Specimens 3.2 Loading Method 3.3 Results 4 Conclusion References Strengthening Measures for Upgrading the Seismic Response of Gazi Hasan Pasha Mosque, Kos Island 1 Introduction 2 The Assessment Method of KADET 3 The Gazi Hasan Pasha Mosque 4 Seismic Assessment 5 Strengthening Schemes 6 Concluding Remarks References Seismic Protection of Historical Artefacts Using an Improved Spring Hanged Three-Dimensional Pendulum Isolation Method 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Models 3 Exhibition Stand Dynamic Responses 4 Vase Rocking and Sliding 5 Conclusions References Conservation, Structural Consolidation and Seismic Strengthening of Ali Pasha Mosque in Ohrid, North Macedonia 1 Introduction 2 History and Present Conditions of Monument 3 Analysis of the Structure in Its Existing Conditions 4 General Concept of Structural Strengthening and Analysis of the Strengthened Structure 5 Conclusions References Application of the Methodology Developed Within the PROHITECH Project in Seismic Retrofitting of Mosques 1 Introduction 2 IZIIS’ Experience in Earthquake Protection of Cultural Heritage 2.1 The First Shaking Table Test of a Monument in the World 2.2 Shaking Table Testing of the Model of Mustapha Pasha Mosque in Skopje 2.3 IZIIS’ Integrated Approach to Repair and Retrofitting of Historic Monuments 3 Repair and Seismic Retrofitting of Mustafa Pasha Mosque 3.1 Previous Investigation on the Site and the Monument 3.2 Structural Retrofitting Process 4 Retrofitting Using CFRP of Other Mosques in the Region 5 Conclusions References Safety Analysis and Retrofitting of a Masonry Bell Tower 1 Introduction 2 On-site Assessment of the Tower 3 Structural Analysis of the Tower 4 Interventions on the Belfry 5 Conclusive Remarks References Ukraine’s Cultural Heritage Objects Within Landslide Hazardous Sites 1 Introduction 2 Concept of the Early Warning Systems New Integrated Methodology (EWS IM) 3 Example of EWS 4 The Swallow’s Nest Castle 5 Conclusions References Reinforcement of Dowel-Type Timber Joints with Self-tapping Screws 1 Introduction 1.1 Aim and Subject 1.2 Methods 2 Material Characterization 3 Load-carrying Capacity of Original (Un-reinforced) Joints 4 Experimental Campaign 4.1 Monotonic Tests 4.2 Cyclic Tests 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Seismic Analysis and Rehabilitation by Steel Jacketing of a Historical Precast RC Industrial Building 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 3 Numerical Structural Modelling 4 Seismic Investigation 4.1 Linear Dynamic Analysis 4.2 Non-linear Static Analysis 5 Fragility Curves 6 Seismic Retrofitting 7 Conclusions References Restoration and Repair of the St. Nicola Church in Pisa 1 Introduction 2 The St. Nicola Church in Pisa 3 Crack Patterns and Diagnosis of Causes 4 The Repair and Strengthening Interventions on the Façades 5 Conclusions References Deformation Resistance of the Gabion Retaining Wall Under Horizontal Loading 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method of Horizontal Loading Test 2.1 Materials 2.2 Method of Horizontal Loading Test 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effects of Connecting Gabions and Filling Density 3.2 Effects of the Shape of Fill Materials 4 Conclusion References Testing of Irregular Stone Masonry Strengthened with Cross-Laminated Timber 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Experimental Procedures 3.1 Connection Testing 3.2 Diagonal Compression Testing 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Timber-Masonry Connections 4.2 Diagonal Compression Testing 5 Conclusions References The Technical State Evaluation and Protection Measures Development for the Refectory Chamber Building with the Church of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Reserve 1 Introduction 2 Engineering-Geological and Structural Characteristics of the Study Object 3 Visual and Instrumental Examination 4 Methodology of Mathematical Simulation 5 Results Analysis 6 Conclusions References Research About the Techniques Sustainable to be Adopted in Conservation the Santa Teresinha Chapel 1 Introduction 2 The Santa Teresinha Chapel 3 Historical Heritage and Sustainability 4 Materials and Methods 5 Results and Reviews 5.1 Visual Inspection 5.2 Monitoring of Fissures 5.3 Thermography 5.4 Damage Mapping 5.5 Aerial Inspection by Drone 5.6 GUT Method (Gravity, Urgency and Tendency) 6 Intervention Guidelines 7 Conclusions References Ambient Vibration Measurements: A Tool for the Preservation of the Heritage of Byblos City 1 Introduction 2 Byblos Buildings and Ambient Noise Vibration Measurements Campaign 3 Dynamic Characteristics of the Municipality Building 3.1 Horizontal Spectrum and Frequencies 3.2 Damping 3.3 Horizontal Spectrum Rotation and Energy Repartition 3.4 Horizontal Particle Motion 4 Geophysical Assessment and Resonance 5 Conclusions, Remarks, and Perspectives References The Role of Metallic Connections in the Global Behavior of Timber Frame Structural System of Tabique Walls 1 Introduction 2 The Tabique Walls – A Brief Summary 3 Metallic Connections 3.1 Constructive Details 3.2 Testing Details 4 Conclusions References Critical Issues of Typical Existing Masonry Road Bridges Handled by the Province of Caserta 1 Introduction 2 A Picture of the Bridge Scenario in the Caserta District 2.1 General 2.2 Chara