Protecting Persons While Protecting the People : Second Annual Workshop on Information Privacy and National Security, ISIPS 2008, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, May 12, 2008. Revised Selected Papers

The Second Annual Workshop on Privacy and Security, organized by the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Information Privacy and Security of the School of C- munication and Information at Rutgers University, was held on May 12, 2008 at the Hyatt Regency, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. A few of the papers in this volume were produced through a multi-step process. First, we recorded the talk given by each author at the workshop in May 2008. Next, we transcribed the recording. The authors then produced a draft of their paper from these transcriptions, refining each draft until the final version. Although the papers are not verbatim transcriptions of the talks given, some do retain the informal and conv- sational quality of the presentations. In one instance we have included some material from the question-and-answer period after the talk, since the material covered proved to be relevant and interesting. The majority of authors, however, preferred to include a more formal paper based on the material presented at the workshop. Subject Title Page 2 Preface 5 Organization 6 Table of Contents 8 The Challenges of Seeking Security While Respecting Privacy 10 Introduction 10 Statement of the Problem 12 Theoretical Attacks on the Problem 12 Practical Approaches to the Problem 13 Two Editorial Postscripts 14 Plus Ça Change... 14 Why Does Privacy Matter? 15 References 18 Section One: Statement of the Problem 8 Intelligence Policy and the Science of Intelligence 20 The Environment Has Changed 20 Intelligence and Crime-Fighting 21 Three Truths about Intelligence 22 The Purposes of Intelligence 23 Origins of Intelligence Policy 23 Shortcomings of Present Law 24 Responsibility for Domestic (Counter) Intelligence 24 The National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC) 26 A Possible Solution 26 Reference 28 Cyber Security: Assessing Our Vulnerabilities and Developing an Effective Defense 29 Introduction 29 Rethinking Computing$^{1}$ 32 Education 35 History 35 Future 36 Concluding Remarks 1 References 42 Intelligence, Dataveillance, and Information Privacy 1 Intelligence in the Age of Global Commerce and Terror 1 The Evolution of Conceptualizations of Privacy and Regulatory Orientations 1 Information Privacy and Intelligence 47 Abuses, Regulation, and Oversight of Information-Sharing and Intelligence 48 Public and Private Information-Sharing 50 Building Effective Intelligence Oversight 51 Conclusion 52 References 52 Results of Workshops on Privacy Protection Technologies 54 Introduction 54 Privacy and Security 54 Privacy Scenarios 57 Sensitivity and Authority 57 Second Set 59 Third Set 61 Privacy Technology Areas 61 References 65 Words Matter: Privacy, Security, and Related Terms 66 Introduction 66 “Freedom of Speech” and “Privacy” 67 “National Security” Is Broader Than “Intelligence Collection and Analysis” 67 Meanings of “Privacy” and “Security” 67 A Verbal Paradox 67 Assumed Meanings 68 Can’t We Just Use the Dictionary Definitions? 68 Constellations of Concepts 68 Questions Characterizing Security$_{1}$ 69 Questions Characterizing Security$_{2}$ 69 Questions Characterizing Privacy Protection$^{2}$ 69 Inherent Interactions 70 Summary 70 References 70 Section Two: Theoretical Approaches to the Problem 8 kACTUS 2: Privacy Preserving in Classification Tasks Using k-Anonymity 72 Introduction and Motivation 73 Related Work 74 Problem Formulation 75 Method 77 How a Complying Node Is Selected for Compensation by Swapping 77 How Compensation by Swapping is Performed 78 The kACTUS-2 Algorithm 78 Experimental Evaluation 80 Datasets 81 Comparing to Other $k$-Anonymity Algorithms 82 Information Loss 88 Conclusions 89 References 89 Valid Statistical Analysis for Logistic Regression with Multiple Sources 91 Introduction 91 Background and Problem Formulation 92 Partitioned Database Types 94 Logistic Regression 94 Secure Logistic Regression 95 Logistic Regression over Horizontally Partitioned Data 96 Logistic Regression over Vertically Partitioned Data 97 Discussion and Future Directions 99 Conclusion 101 References 102 Section Three: Practical Approaches to the Problem 8 Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) 104 Introduction 104 New World Order 106 The Los Angeles Landscape 106 Implementation 107 Reporting 109 Local and National Implications 110 Conclusion 111 References 111 Stable Statistics of the Blogograph 113 Introduction 113 LiveJournal Blog Data 114 Global, Individual, and Relational Statistics 116 Community and Evolution Statistics 119 Conclusion 122 References 123 Privacy-Preserving Accountable Accuracy Management Systems (PAAMS) 124 Introduction 124 Technical Approach 125 Better Accountability by Linking Unstructured and Structured Data 126 Improved Accuracy Management through Better Entity Disambiguation 127 Privacy-Governed Operation 128 Summary and Conclusions 129 References 129 On the Statistical Dependency of Identity Theft on Demographics 131 Introduction 131 Dataset Analysis and Modeling 134 Graphical Exploration and Transformations 135 Verification of Linear Regression Assumptions 136 Interaction Variables 138 Candidate Final Models 139 Cross Validation 139 Regularized Regression 140 Choice of Final Model 141 Conclusions 143 References 144 A Municipalities 145 Author Index 147 Front Matter....Pages - The Challenges of Seeking Security While Respecting Privacy....Pages 1-10 Intelligence Policy and the Science of Intelligence....Pages 11-19 Cyber Security: Assessing Our Vulnerabilities and Developing an Effective Defense....Pages 20-33 Intelligence, Dataveillance, and Information Privacy....Pages 34-44 Results of Workshops on Privacy Protection Technologies....Pages 45-56 Words Matter: Privacy, Security, and Related Terms....Pages 57-62 kACTUS 2: Privacy Preserving in Classification Tasks Using k-Anonymity....Pages 63-81 Valid Statistical Analysis for Logistic Regression with Multiple Sources....Pages 82-94 Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR)....Pages 95-103 Stable Statistics of the Blogograph....Pages 104-114 Privacy-Preserving Accountable Accuracy Management Systems (PAAMS)....Pages 115-121 On the Statistical Dependency of Identity Theft on Demographics....Pages 122-137 Back Matter....Pages - Annotation This book constitutes the revised selected papers of the Second Annual Workshop on Information Privacy and National Security, ISIPS 2008, held in New Brunswick, NJ, USA, in May 2008. The 11 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers deal with the inherent tension between the need to gather intelligence necessary to protect the security of persons and nations, and the privacy rights of persons and organizations