Prostaglandin and Lipid Metabolism in Radiation Injury

This volume contains the proceedings of the International Conference on Prostaglandins and Lipid Metabolism in Radiation Injury held in Rockville, Maryland, on October 2-3, 1986. Over 200 persons from eight countries attended the program, which consisted of 24 oral presentations and 38 poster presentations. Forty-two of those presentations have been included in this volume. The conference was sponsored by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, located in Bethesda, Maryland. The effects of radiation on lipid synthesis and membrane damage are aptly summarized in the first five chapters. These chapters describe the effects of radiation on lipid peroxidation of model membranes, and the role of lipid composition in mammalian cell death and in bacterial radio- and thermosensitivity. In bacteria, lipid peroxidation is not essential for radiation-induced cell death. One of the key points of the conference was the paradoxical nature of the radiobiology of eicosanoids. On the one hand, eicosanoids are mediators of damage; on the other, they are radioprotective agents. It is clear from the literature and from the data presented at the conference that both of these properties may also be observed as a consequence of radiotherapy. Some studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may minimize or prevent certain radiation­ induced damage, but other studies show no positive effect. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Radiation Peroxidation in Model Membranes....Pages 3-27 Role of Membrane Lipid Composition in Radiation- Induced Death of Mammalian Cells....Pages 29-43 Influence of Membrane Lipid Composition and Organization on Radio-and Thermosensitivity of Bacteria....Pages 45-57 Role of Membranes, Free Radicals, and Copper in Radiation-Induced Changes in Quaternary Structure of DNA: Some Clinical Implications....Pages 59-72 Role of Lipid Peroxidation in Radiation Damage and Repair of Cell Membranes in the Thermophilic Bacterium Thermus Thermophilus ....Pages 73-77 Macromolecule Effects on Prostacyclin Production and Measurement....Pages 79-83 Inositol Lipid Turnover, Ca 2+ Mobilization, and Increased Ca 2+ Influx in Heat-Stressed Cells....Pages 85-90 Role of Antioxidant Nutrients in Preventing Retinal Damage During Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment....Pages 91-95 Effects of Phenylhydrazine on Human Red Cell Membrane Aminophospholipids: A Fluorescamine Study....Pages 97-101 Role of Oxygen Radicals in Peroxidation of Docosahexaenoic Acid by Rat Brain Homogenate in vitro ....Pages 103-108 Possible Involvement of Queuine in Oxidative Metabolism....Pages 109-114 Cytochrome P-450 Interaction with Arachidonic Acid Hydroperoxides: Role in Lipid Peroxidation....Pages 115-119 Leakage of Fatty Acid Radicals During Lipoxygenase Catalysis....Pages 121-126 The Mast Cell Granule: A Phospholipid Source for Prostaglandin Synthesis....Pages 127-132 Front Matter....Pages 133-133 Studies on Effect of Gamma Radiation on Prostacyclin and Platelet-Activating Factor Synthesis and on Cell Growth Using Smooth Muscle, Fibroblast, and Endothelial Cells in Cultures....Pages 135-146 Prostacyclin and Thromboxane Production by Irradiated Rat Lung....Pages 147-158 Eicosanoid Changes in Skin Following Ultraviolet Light Irradiation....Pages 159-171 Leukotriene Synthesis by UV-Irradiated Macrophage Cell Cultures....Pages 173-178 Influence of Psoralen and Ultraviolet Therapy on Platelet Function and Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Patients with Vitiligo....Pages 179-183 Sources of Increased in vivo Cyclooxygenase Product Release Following Whole-Body Irradiation of Rats....Pages 185-199 Front Matter....Pages 133-133 Thermal Injury Causes Stimulation of Phospholipase A 2 Activity in Mammalian Cells....Pages 201-206 Effects of Neutron Irradiation on PGE 2 and TxB 2 Levels in Biological Fluids: Modification by WR-2721....Pages 207-218 Thromboxane and Prostacyclin Production by Irradiated and Perfused Rat Kidney....Pages 219-224 Generation of a Neutrophil Chemoattractant of the Lipoxygenase Pathway by Irradiated Bovine Aortic Endothelial Cells....Pages 225-230 Front Matter....Pages 231-231 Radiation Protection by Exogenous Arachidonic Acid and Several Metabolites....Pages 233-243 Alterations in Locomotor Activity Induced by Radioprotective Doses of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E 2 ....Pages 245-251 Effect of PGE 2 on Radiation Response of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells in Vitro ....Pages 253-262 A Paradoxical Role for Eicosanoids: Radioprotectants and Radiosensitizers....Pages 263-271 Front Matter....Pages 273-273 Eicosanoids and Elective Immunosuppression....Pages 275-281 Prostaglandins and Hemopoietic Cell Recovery Following Irradiation....Pages 283-292 Ionizing Radiation, Prostaglandins, and Gastric Function in Monkeys....Pages 293-303 Changes in Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration, and Vasoactive Hormones in Bone-Marrow-Transplant Recipients After Total-Body Irradiation....Pages 305-317 Eicosanoids and Radiotherapy in Human and Animal Tumors....Pages 319-330 Modification of Radiation Injury of Murine Intestinal Clonogenic Cells and B-16 Melanoma by PGI 2 or Flurbiprofen....Pages 331-338 Influence of UV Light (250 nm) on Platelet Activation....Pages 339-343 Effects of Eicosanoid Precursors on TBA Reactive Material in Normal and Malignant Cells....Pages 345-352 Front Matter....Pages 353-353 Development of Enzyme-Immunoassay Techniques for Measurement of Eicosanoids....Pages 355-364 Detection and Quantitation of Eicosanoids by Combined Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry....Pages 365-377 Lipid Peroxidation and Its Measurement....Pages 379-386 An in Situ Method for Detection of Lipid Peroxidation Effects....Pages 387-391 Front Matter....Pages 353-353 Effects of Ultraviolet Light Irradiation, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Trichloroethylene on Ethane Exhalation in Rats....Pages 393-401 A Sensitive and Selective Method for Quantitative Analysis of Products of Lipid Peroxidation....Pages 403-409 Back Matter....Pages 411-420