چشم‌اندازهای جذب و ذخیره کربن در آسیای جنوب شرقی

Cover Contents Tables and Figures Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Nomenclature Abbreviations Units and Conversion Factors Executive Summary 1. Introduction 1.1 Context 1.2 Previous Studies 1.3 Study Purpose and Scope 1.4 Geographic Scope 1.5 Report Organization 2. Background 2.1 Economy 2.2 Energy 2.3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2.4 Overview of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology 3. Capture Sources 3.1 Data Inventory Methodology 3.2 Emissions Inventory 3.3 Capture-Ranking Methodology 3.4 Source Ranking for Capture Suitability 4. CO[sub(2)] Storage Capacity. 4.1 Methodology4.2 Storage Estimate 4.3 Ranking of Storage Options in Oil and Gas Fields 5. Source-Sink Matching 5.1 Matching Methodology 5.2 Indonesia (South Sumatra): Source-Sink Combinations 5.3 Philippines (CALABARZON): Source-Sink Combinations 5.4 Thailand: Source-Sink Combinations 5.5 Viet Nam: Source-Sink Combinations 5.6 Summary of Source-Sink Options for Pilot Project 6. Carbon Capture and Storage Cost Analysis 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Assumptions 6.3 Results 6.4 Sensitivities 6.5 Financing 7. Legal and Social Issues in Carbon Capture and Storage. 7.1 Legal and Regulatory Framework7.2 Public Perception and Social Acceptability of Carbon Capture and Storage 8. Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage Development 8.1 Barriers and Drivers for Carbon Capture and Storage 8.2 Carbon Capture and Storage Development Strategy 8.3 Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage 8.4 Pilot Project Activities 8.5 Implementing the Road Map: Carbon Capture and Storage Working Groups 9. Conclusion and Recommendations 9.1 Carbon Capture and Storage Opportunities Are Available 9.2 Recommendations for Pilot Projects. 9.3 This Study Offers a Road Map for Carbon Capture and Storage Development, Starting with a Pilot Project9.4 Natural Gas Processing Offers the Best Entry Point 9.5 CO[sub(2)]-Enhanced Oil Recovery, When Available, Represents a Good Financing Option for Initial Carbon Capture and Storage Projects 9.6 Existing Legal and Regulatory Frameworks Could Be Expanded for Carbon Capture and Storage 9.7 Communication and Engagement Strategies Must Play an Essential Role in Developing Carbon Capture and Storage 9.8 An Enabling Environment Is Required for Carbon Capture and Storage Development. 9.9 Carbon Capture and Storage Working Groups Should Be Continued to Advance DevelopmentAppendixes 1 Indonesia Executive Summary 2 Philippines Executive Summary 3 Thailand Executive Summary 4 Viet Nam Executive Summary 5 Scale of Carbon Capture and Storage Projects: Pilot vs. Demonstration vs. Commercial Bibliography Tables 2.1 Operational and Under-Construction Carbon Capture and Storage Plants 3.1 Weights for the Preferential Criteria 3.2 Top Three Ranked Capture Candidates by Country 4.1 Ranking Criteria for Oil and Gas Fields. This report was produced under the Technical Assistance Grant: Determining the Potential for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Southeast Asia (TA 7575-REG), and is focused on an assessment of the CCS potential in Thailand, Viet Nam, and specific regions of Indonesia (South Sumatra) and the Philippines (Calabarzon). It contains inventories of carbon dioxide emission sources, estimates of overall storage potential, likely source-sink match options for potential CCS projects, and an analysis of existing policy, legal, and regulatory frameworks with a view toward supporting future CCS operations. The report also presents a comparative financial analysis of candidate CCS projects, highlights possible incentive schemes for financing CCS, and provides an actionable road map for pilot, demonstration, and commercial CCS projects.