پیامبران محاسبات: چشم‌اندازهایی از جامعه‌ای دگرگون‌شده توسط محاسبات (کتاب‌های ACM)

When electronic digital computers first appeared after World War II, they appeared as a revolutionary force. Business management, the world of work, administrative life, the nation state, and soon enough everyday life were expected to change dramatically with these machines' use. Ever since, diverse prophecies of computing have continually emerged, through to the present day. As computing spread beyond the US and UK, such prophecies emerged from strikingly different economic, political, and cultural conditions. This volume explores how these expectations differed, assesses unexpected commonalities, and suggests ways to understand the divergences and convergences. This book examines thirteen countries, based on source material in ten different languages-the effort of an international team of scholars. In addition to analyses of debates, political changes, and popular speculations, we also show a wide range of pictorial representations of "the future with computers." Contents Preface 1 Introduction: Prophets and Narratives • Dick van Lente PART I: ACROSS THE IRON CURTAIN 2 Man–Machine Dialogues: Computer Representations and Appropriations in the Soviet Union and the United States • Ksenia Tatarchenko 3 Microcomputers for the Masses. Jack Tramiel and Commodore • David Schmudde 4 Banking the Future of Banking: Savings Banks and the Digital Age in East and West Germany • Martin Schmitt PART II: BUILDING NATIONAL COMPUTER CULTURES 5 The United Kingdom: Going it Alone? • James Sumner 6 French National Paths Within a Global Computing Market • Valérie Schafer and Benjamin G. Thierry 7 Dutch Prophets: Pragmatic Optimism and Suppressed Fears • Dick van Lente 8 Computing the New China. The Founding Fathers, the Maoist Way, and Neoliberalism, 1945–1986 • Gianluigi Negro and Wang Hongzhe 9 Digital India. Swadeshi-Computing in India since 1947 • Michael Homberg PART III: PREPARING FOR THE COMPUTER AGE 10 Computers in the Shadow of Communism: The Polish People’s Republic • Mirosław Sikora and Adam Dziuba 11 Dreams of the Vanquished: Narratives of Postwar Japan • Hirofumi Utsumi and Yoshinobu Takazakura 12 Computopia and Its Discontents: Dual Narratives in South Korea • Dongwon Jo 13 Big Brother in New Zealand: Anticipating the Computer • Janet Toland 14 Conclusions: Patterns of Prophecy—Needs, Ambitions, and Doubts • Dick van Lente Bibliography Authors’ Biographies Index Examines thirteen countries, based on source material in ten different languages - the effort of an international team of scholars. In addition to analyses of debates, political changes, and popular speculations, contributors also show a wide range of pictorial representations of ‘the future with computers’.