Progress in Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology : Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24–29 June 1990

Plants are an important source of food and of valuable products for industry, agriculture and medicine. They are unique in many aspects of metabolic processes, development and reproduction. Most of these aspects can now be studied by the modern methods and technolo­ gies of molecular and cellular biology. Such studies are also encouraged as to improve plant yield and quality. During the past decade research in plant sciences has demonstrated the feasibility of plant cell and tissue culture techniques as major tools in biology and agriculture. These techniques are also essential in strategies for engineering of biological systems. The proceedings of the VII International Congress on Plant Tissue and Cell Culture in Amsterdam show that in recent years an impressive progress has been achieved. The papers of the congress, with more than 2000 participants, include the full text of plenary lectures, keynote lectures and presentations of speakers who have been selected out of more than 1400 abstracts. This combination, which provides readers with reviews as well as recent findings and future developments, captures an important part of the scientific exchange during the congress. The papers in these proceedings are a reflection of the role of plant cell and tissue culture in disciplines varying from plant breeding to molecular biology. Basic as well as applied studies in a variety of plant disciplines are presented in 4 sections: (1) Genetic manipulation and propagation, (2) Morphogenesis and metabolism, (3) Secondary metabolites and (4) Biotechnology and developing countries. Front Matter....Pages i-xiii Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Micropropagation in Crop Species....Pages 3-12 Genetic Preservation in Vitro ....Pages 13-22 Current Research in Biotechnology with Application to Plant Breeding....Pages 23-32 Plant Regeneration from Embryogenic Calli, Cell Suspension Cultures and Protoplasts of Triticum aestivum L. (Wheat)....Pages 33-37 Tissue, Cell, and Protoplast Culture of Maize ( Zea mays L.)....Pages 38-43 Antioxidants Influence the Plating Efficiency and Microcallus-Growth of Protoplasts in Lolium Perenne L. ....Pages 44-49 Enhancement of Sugar Yield: A Molecular Biological Approach....Pages 50-55 Applications of the Particle Gun in Plant Biology....Pages 56-66 X-Irradiation and Co-Transformation of Petunia “Mitchell” Protoplasts with Two Antibiotic Resistance Genes....Pages 67-72 Gene Transfer to Barley....Pages 73-78 Promoterless Reporter Genes and Their Use in Plant Gene Transformation....Pages 79-84 Transformation of Cucumber Via Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ....Pages 85-90 Rejuvenation and Micropropagation....Pages 91-101 Genotype-Phenotype Interplay in Micropropagation....Pages 102-107 Effect of Mineral Nutrition on the Growth and Multiplication of in vitro Cultured Plants....Pages 108-113 Rapid regeneration of sugarbeet ( Beta vulgaris L.) plants from in vitro cultures....Pages 114-118 Morphogenesis of Gladiolus Buds in Bioreactors — Implication for Scaled-up Propagation of Geophytes....Pages 119-124 Dormancy Development in Lily Bulblets Propagated in Vitro ....Pages 125-130 Do We Understand Somaclonal Variation?....Pages 131-141 Gene Expression in Salt Tolerant Alfalfa Cell Cultures and the Salt Tolerant Plants Regenerated from These Cultures....Pages 142-147 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Glyphosate Resistance and Gene Amplification in Selected Daucus carota Suspension Cultures....Pages 148-152 RFLP-analysis of Rice Plants Regenerated from Tissue Cultures....Pages 153-156 In Vivo and in Vitro Mutagenesis of a Brassica Napus Acetolactate Synthase Gene for the Production of Herbicide Resistance....Pages 157-162 Cell Culture of Alien Chromosome Addition Lines to Induce Somatic Recombination and Gene Introgression....Pages 163-168 Antibiotic Resistant Mutants of Solanum Nigrum ....Pages 169-174 Establishing a Tomato Transposon Tagging System with Heterologous Transposons....Pages 175-182 The Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction to Detect Specific Sequences in Transformed Plant Tissues....Pages 183-188 Differential Expression of Agropine Synthase Gene during Morphogenesis in Vitro....Pages 189-194 Intrinsic GUS-Like Activity....Pages 195-200 Field Testing of Cucumber Plants Which Express the CMV Coat Protein Gene: Field Plot Design to Test Natural Infection Pressures....Pages 201-206 Two Years of Transgenic Flax Field Tests: What do They Tell Us?....Pages 207-212 From Microspore to Embryoid: Faces of the Angiosperm Pollen Grain....Pages 213-221 Two Pathways in Pollen Protoplast Culture: Cell Divisions and Tube Growth....Pages 222-227 Biochemical and Cytological Changes in Young Tobacco Pollen during in vitro Starvation in Relation to Pollen Embryogenesis....Pages 228-233 Molecular and Physiological Differentiation of Pollen in-Vitro....Pages 234-238 Sex Determination in the Dioecious Melandrium : The in Vitro Culture Approach....Pages 239-243 Transformation of Pollen....Pages 244-251 In Vitro Fertilization of Single, Isolated Gametes, Transmission of Cytoplasmic Organelles and Cell Reconstitution Of Maize ( Zea Mays L.)....Pages 252-257 Anther Culture Selection to Enhance Snow Mold Disease Resistance in Winter Wheat....Pages 258-263 Haploid Suspension and Protoplast Culture from Isolated Microspores of Maize....Pages 264-269 Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Embryo Rescue of Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica Spinescens X Brassica Campestris and DNA Analysis....Pages 270-274 Haploids from Unpollinated Ovaries of Allium Cepa — Single Plant Screening, Haploid Determination, and Long Term Storage....Pages 275-279 Partial Genome Transfer in Interspecific Tomato Hybrids....Pages 280-285 Transfer of Resistance to PLRV, PVX and PVY from S.brevidens to Potato by Somatic Hybridisation: Characterisation and Field Evaluation....Pages 286-292 Transfer of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Resistance by Asymmetric Protoplast Fusion....Pages 293-298 Improvements of the Brassica Crops by Transfer of Genes from Alien Species Via Somatic Hybridization....Pages 299-304 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Mechanisms of Somatic Embryogenesis in Celll Cultures— Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology....Pages 307-313 Lipid Synthesis and Transfer....Pages 314-323 Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols in Plant Cell and Embryo Cultures Their Significance in the Breeding of Oil Plants....Pages 324-331 Lipid Composition of Plasma Membrane from Crown Gall Tumour Cells in Vitro....Pages 332-337 Intracellular Pi-Compartmentation during Phosphate Starvation-Triggered Induction of an Extracellular Ribonuclease in Tomato Cell Culture....Pages 338-342 Aerobic Hexose Metabolism in Embryogenic Cell Lines of Daucus Carota Studied by 13 C NMR Using 13 C-Enriched Substrates....Pages 343-348 Are Two Localization Sites of Nitrate Reductase Responsible for the Differential Expression in Tobacco Cells during the Growth Cycle ?....Pages 349-354 Phytochrome in Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 355-365 Blue-Light Effects on Gene Expression in Plant-Cell Cultures....Pages 366-372 Light-Dependent Growth and Differentiation Processes in Photoautotrophic Cell Cultures....Pages 373-378 Light Stimulated Cell Proliferation and Glyoxalase Activity in Callus Cultures of Amaranthus Paniculatus .....Pages 379-384 Spatial and Temporal Expression of Regulatory Genes in Zea mays ....Pages 385-390 Developmental Mutants in Carrot....Pages 391-397 Tissue and Cell-Specific Expression of Genes Encoding Carrot Extracellular Proteins....Pages 398-401 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Microspore-derived embryos: A tool for studies in regulation of gene expression in zygotic embryos....Pages 402-406 Molecular changes associated with the commitment phase of microspore embryogenesis....Pages 407-409 Expression of Chimeric Genes in Developing Embryos Derived from Isolated Microspores from Transgenic Brassica Napus Plants....Pages 410-415 Detection of Androgenesis-Related Proteins in Maize....Pages 416-421 Significant Higher Proportions of 1BL-1RS Wheat-Rye Translocation Lines Among Doubled Haploid Progenies Derived from F1 Hybrids between Translocated and Non-Translocated Wheat Cultivars....Pages 422-426 Differences in Responses to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) Treatment between Embryogenic and Non-Embryogenic Lines of Alfalfa....Pages 427-436 The Commitment to Embryogenesis, A Cytological Approach....Pages 437-442 Immunocytochemical Localization of Calmodulin During Carrot Somatic Embryogenesis....Pages 443-448 pH Control of Carrot Somatic Embryogenesis....Pages 449-453 Somatic Embryogenesis in Celery: Induction, Control and Changes in Polyamines and Proteins....Pages 454-459 Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against Marker Proteins for Somatic Embryogenesis in Pea (Pisum sativum L.)....Pages 460-465 Signal Transduction at the Membrane Level of Plant Cells....Pages 466-479 Inhibition of Polyamine Biosynthesis Affects the Rhizogenic Response in Tobacco Thin Cell Layers....Pages 480-485 Plant Growth Regulator Manipulations in Sugar Beet....Pages 486-491 Regulation of Cytokinin Catabolism in Tobacco Callus Cultures....Pages 492-497 Differential Sensitivity to Auxin at the Plasma Membrane Level....Pages 498-503 Rôles of the Primary Cell Wall in Morphogenesis....Pages 504-513 Signals Influencing Cell Elongation, Cell Enlargment, Cell Division And Morphogenesis....Pages 514-519 Effect of a Xyloglucan-Derived Nonasaccharide on Carrot Protoplasts....Pages 520-525 Characterization of GP57, an Auxin-Regulated and Dermaltissue-Localized Extracellular Glycoprotein of Carrot....Pages 526-531 Front Matter....Pages 305-305 Molecular Aspects of the Cell Cycle in Catharanthus Roseus Synchronous Cell Division Cultures....Pages 532-537 Microtubules and the First Cell Cycle in Cultured Mesophyll Protoplasts of Nicotiana ....Pages 538-543 Front Matter....Pages 545-545 Possibilities for Improving Yields of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 547-556 The Toxic Compartment of Plant Cells....Pages 557-566 Transport and Accumulation of Secondary Metabolites....Pages 567-576 Accumulation of Ajmalicine and Serpentine in Vacuoles Isolated from Catharanthus Roseus Cell Suspension Cultures....Pages 577-581 Recovery of Secondary Metabolites with Minimal Loss of Cell Viability....Pages 582-586 Cellular Aspects of Thiophene Accumulation in Relation to Root Differentiation....Pages 587-591 Possibilities of Finding New Products from Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 592-600 Large-Scale Production of New Biologically Active Compounds in Plant-Cell Cultures....Pages 601-608 Terpene Production by Liverworts of in Vitro Cultures....Pages 609-613 Immobilized Ginkgo Biloba Cell Cultures....Pages 614-618 Production of Terpenes by Transformed Differentiated Shoot Cultures of Mentha Piperita Citrata and M.Piperita Vulgaris ....Pages 619-624 Isolation and Distribution of 7β-Hydroxyhyoscyamine in Solanaceous Plants....Pages 625-630 Bioconversion of Xenobiotics (Pesticides) in Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 631-639 Bioconversion of Precursors Occurring in Plants and of Related Synthetic Compounds....Pages 640-649 Bioconversion of Xenobiotics in Different Plant Systems — Cell Suspension Cultures, Root Cultures and Intact Plants....Pages 650-655 Metabolism of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) by Plant Tissue Cultures....Pages 656-660 Metabolism of Metribuzin in Tomato Cell Cultures by a Glucosyltransferase....Pages 661-666 Conversion of Glucosinolate Synthetic Precursors in Brassica Cultures....Pages 667-672 Front Matter....Pages 545-545 Possibilities, Problems, and Pitfalls of Large-Scale Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 673-681 Biosynthesis of Sanguinarine by Elicitation of Surface Immobilized Cells of Papaver Somniferum L.....Pages 682-688 The Effect of Continuous High Shear Stress on Plant Cell Suspension Cultures....Pages 689-693 Application of the Liquid-Impelled Loop Reactor for the Production of Anthraquinones by Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 694-699 The Cultivation of Transformed Roots from Laboratory to Pilot Plant....Pages 700-705 Production of Deacetyllanatoside C by Digitalis Lanata Cell Cultures....Pages 706-711 Use of Genetic Engineering to Improve Yields in Cell Cultures, e.g. (Anti)Sense DNA Technology....Pages 712-716 Strategies to Improve Yields of Secondary Metabolites to Industrially Interesting Levels....Pages 717-725 Selection of High-Yielding Cell Lines of Tagetes Using Flow Cytometry....Pages 726-731 The Effects of Over-Expressing the Yeast Ornithine Decarboxylase Gene upon the Nicotine and Polyamine Levels in Transformed Roots of Nicotiana Rustica ....Pages 732-737 Semisynthetic Production of Vinblastine Involving Cell Cultures of Catharanthus Roseus and Chemical Reaction....Pages 738-743 Principles Regulating Formation and Activity of Secondary Metabolic Enzymes in Plant Tissue and Cell Cultures....Pages 744-753 Enzymology of Alkaloid Production in Plant Cell Cultures....Pages 754-762 Affecting Secondary Product Formation in Suspension and Hairy Root Cultures — a Comparison....Pages 763-768 Purification of Cytochrome P-450-Dependent Geraniol-10-Hydroxylase from a Cell Suspension Culture of Catharanthus Roseus ....Pages 769-774 Molecular Cloning, and Tissue- and Cell-Specific Expression of Hyoscyamine 6β-Hydroxylase....Pages 775-780 Front Matter....Pages 781-781 Perspectives in Plant Cell and Tissue Culture in Developing Countries....Pages 783-788 Commercialisation of Agricultural Biotechnology in India: Opportunities, Progress and Problems....Pages 789-794 Impact of Tissue Culture Techniques on the Development of Agribusiness in Mexico....Pages 795-800 A Model for Comparing and Evaluating Biotechnological Innovations for Small-Scale Farmers in Developing Countries....Pages 801-810 Back Matter....Pages 811-811