Progress in Engineering Technology V

The book contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers from the 2022 conferences, which took place at the Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Spanish Institute (UniKL MSI), Kedah, Malaysia. This book contains twenty-two papers written by researchers participating in the conferences. Topics covered in this book include composite materials, thermodynamics, vibration, dynamics of structures, manufacturing processes, computer-aided manufacturing, CFD analysis, design and optimization of devices, and procedures. The topics are commonly encountered in industries and become an interest in the academic world. The learning of engineering technology’s curricular across universities is now an essential topic covered in various higher learning institutions. Therefore, it is hoped that this book serves as an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students working with/on multidisciplinary engineering technology. Contents 1 Polypropylene Composites Reinforced by Natural and Recycled Fibers for Bumper Application: Effects of Fiber Loading on the Tensile Properties 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Experimental Investigations 1.2.1 Materials 1.2.2 Preparation of Sansevieria Leaf Fiber 1.2.3 Preparation of Beverage Box Fiber 1.2.4 Mixing Process 1.2.5 Hot-Press Process 1.2.6 Tensile Test 1.3 Result and Discussion 1.4 Conclusion References 2 A Comparison Analysis on Mechanical Properties Between Laminated Woven Bamboo and Epoxy Composite Versus Laminated Strip Bamboo and Polyester Composite 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Materials 2.2.1 Epoxy 2.2.2 Polyester 2.2.3 Bamboo 2.3 Experiment 2.3.1 Mechanical Testing 2.4 Results and Discussion 2.4.1 Tensile Analysis 2.4.2 Flexural Analysis 2.4.3 Hardness Analysis 2.4.4 Scanning Electron Microscope 2.5 Conclusion References 3 Investigation of the Effect of Surface Roughness and Dimensional Accuracy on the Layer Thickness of PLA Parts Produced by the FDM Process 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Related Research 3.2.1 Surface Roughness 3.2.2 Dimensional Accuracy 3.3 Experimental Details 3.3.1 Specimen Design and Material 3.3.2 Process Parameter 3.4 Testing 3.4.1 Surface Roughness Test 3.4.2 Dimensional Accuracy Test 3.5 Results and Discussion 3.6 Conclusion References 4 Low Pressure, Solvent-Assisted Thermal Bonding of PMMA–PMMA Substrates for Microfluidics Device Fabrication 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Materials and Method 4.2.1 Sample Preparation 4.2.2 Bonding Procedure 4.2.3 Bonding Strength Test 4.2.4 Fabrication of Microfluidics Device 4.3 Results and Discussion 4.3.1 Bonding Result 4.3.2 Sealing of a Microfluidics Device 4.4 Conclusion References 5 Temperature Distribution Analysis of an Insulated Turbocharger Manifold 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Literature 5.2.1 Heat Transfer in Exhaust System 5.2.2 The Exhaust Manifold of the Turbocharger 5.2.3 Development of Thermal Barrier Coating 5.3 Methodology 5.4 Result and Discussion 5.4.1 Temperature Distribution Analysis 5.5 Conclusion References 6 Experimental Analysis of Carburetor System on Turbocharger Performance 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Literature Review 6.2.1 Carburetor 6.3 Methodology 6.3.1 Methodology Process 6.3.2 Parameter Study 6.4 Results and Discussion 6.4.1 Fuel Consumption 6.4.2 Velocity 6.4.3 Flow Rate 6.5 Conclusion References 7 Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure to Engine Performance Characteristics of Palm Oil Diesel Blends in a Small Diesel Engine 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Palm Oil Diesel Blends-Fueled Engine 7.3 Methodology 7.4 Results and Discussion 7.5 Conclusion References 8 Development of an Optical Measurement Test Rig for Fuel Spray Characteristics Study of a Diesel Direct Injection System—An Experimental Approach 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Methodology 8.3 Results and Discussion 8.4 Conclusion References 9 Effect of Rectangular Fins on the Heat Transfer Performance of an Automotive Radiator 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Simulation Setup 9.2.1 Simulation Models 9.2.2 Boundary Conditions 9.2.3 Data Analysis 9.3 Results and Discussion 9.3.1 Effect of Fins 9.3.2 Effect of Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient 9.3.3 Effect of Coolants’ Flow Rate 9.4 Conclusion References 10 Effect of Geometrical Dimension of Fins on the Cooling Performance of an Air-Cooled Engine Cylinder Block 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Simulation Study 10.2.1 Simulation Base Model 10.2.2 Assumptions and Boundary Conditions 10.2.3 Independent Variables 10.2.4 Response Variables 10.3 Results and Discussion 10.3.1 Temperature Distribution of the Fin 10.3.2 The Effect of Fin Thickness 10.3.3 The Effect of Fin’s Length 10.3.4 The Effect of Number of Fins 10.4 Conclusion References 11 Analysis of Hydraulic Arm Using Hydraulic Jack for Motorcycle Hydraulic Lift 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Classification Based on Type of Energy Used 11.2.1 Hydraulic Lift 11.2.2 Pneumatic Lifts 11.2.3 Mechanical Lifts 11.2.4 Application of Hydraulic Lift 11.3 Problem Statement 11.4 Literature 11.4.1 Material Selection 11.5 Methodology 11.5.1 Analytical Analysis 11.5.2 Simulation Setup 11.6 Result and Discussion 11.6.1 Hydraulic Arm 11.6.2 Analysis of the Result 11.7 Conclusion References 12 FMEA Approach to Extend the Engine Oil Drain Interval of a 100-t Truck: A Case Study 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Case Study 12.2.1 Methodology 12.3 Result and Discussion 12.4 Conclusions References 13 Design and Fabrication of a Dip Immersion Probe for Melting and Pouring Practice in Casting Technology 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Literature Review 13.3 Methodology 13.3.1 Specification of DIP Immersion Probe for a Measurement Probe of Casting Process 13.3.2 Conceptual, Design, and Fabrication of the Dip Immersion Probe 13.3.3 Pouring Temperature Measurement 13.4 Results and Discussion 13.5 Conclusion References 14 Heat Transfer Coefficient for Synthetic Jet Cooling at Various Distance 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Methodology 14.3 Results and Discussions 14.3.1 Heater Characteristic 14.3.2 Fluid Velocity at Various Distance 14.3.3 HTC Value at Various Distance 14.4 Conclusions References 15 Thermoelectric Conversion of Engine Cylinder Heat into Electric Energy 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Literature Review 15.2.1 Heat Energy 15.2.2 Thermoelectric Generator 15.3 Methodology/Experimental Setup 15.3.1 Experimental Setup 15.4 Result and Discussion 15.5 Conclusion References 16 Ergonomic Analysis of Hand Machine Vibration Based on ISO Standard 5439 (2001) 16.1 Introduction 16.2 ISO 5349 16.3 Experimental Setup 16.4 Data Collection 16.5 Result 16.6 Discussion 16.7 Conclusion References 17 Non-symmetrical Force–Deflection Behavior of a NiTi Archwire in Orthodontic Leveling Treatment 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Literature 17.3 Methodology 17.4 Result and Discussion 17.4.1 Non-Symmetrical Three-Bracket Bending 17.4.2 Influence on Clinical Perspectives 17.5 Conclusions References 18 Evaluation of Bending Deformation Behavior of a NiTi Archwire at Various Orthodontic Bracket Conditions 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Literature 18.3 Methodology 18.4 Result and Discussion 18.5 Conclusions References 19 Application of Dampening Accessories for Reduction of Hand-Arm Vibration Exposure 19.1 Introduction 19.2 ISO 5349 19.3 Experimental Setup 19.4 Data Collection 19.5 Result 19.6 Discussion 19.7 Conclusion References 20 The Analysis of Automatic Transmission Stands (U-Shaped Holder) for Repair, Maintenance and Educational Purposes Using a Simulation Method 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Literature 20.2.1 Automatic Transmission 20.2.2 Maintenance of Automatic Transmission 20.2.3 Automatic Transmission Stand/Holder 20.2.4 Comparison Between Previous Product and Automatic Transmission Stands (U-shaped Holder) Structure 20.3 Methodology 20.3.1 Design and Morphological Chart for Automatic Transmission Stands (U-Shaped Holder) Structure 20.3.2 Specification 20.3.3 Detailed Drawing 20.3.4 Simulation Method 20.4 Results and Discussion 20.5 Conclusions References 21 Design Improvement and Fabrication of a Jig for Holding a Workpiece in a Coordinate Measuring Machine 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Problem Statement 21.3 Methodology 21.4 Results and Discussion 21.5 Conclusion References 22 Design of a Measurement Method for Surface Roughness Using a Vision System 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Literature 22.3 Methodology 22.3.1 Data Collection and Experimental Setup 22.3.2 Preprocessing 22.3.3 Features’ Extraction 22.3.4 Regression 22.3.5 Implementation 22.4 Result and Discussion 22.5 Conclusions References