Progress in Catalyst Deactivation : Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Catalyst Deactivation, Algarve, Portugal, May 18–29, 1981

Most catalysts used in the chemical and petrochemical indus­ tries are strongly affected by one or another form of deactivation, leading to poor performances and reduced life. The increasing num­ ber of scientific communications devoted to the subject in recent years, and culminating with an International Symposium held in Antwerp in October 1980, is a measure of the interest it arouses in both the industrial and academic communities. A stage has been reached whereby it was thought that a NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Catalyst Deactivation" might be fruit ful in establishing the state of the art and in stimulating a more systematic research on the phenomenon. Such a meeting was held ~n Lagos, Portugal, from 18 to 29 May 1981. The purpose of the Institute was to present and discuss in a didatic and systematic way the various processes that lead to cata lyst deactivation, namely coking, poisoning and solid state trans formations, and at the same time to promote the exchange of ideas and experiences among the participants, drawn from industry and uni versity. The lectures presented at the Institute are collected in this volume with the exception of Dr. L.L.Hegedus "Catalyst Poisoning", which has been previously published (Catalysis Reviews, Science md Engineering, 23, 377-476, 1981). Front Matter....Pages I-X Front Matter....Pages 1-1 Introduction to Catalyst Deactivation....Pages 3-22 Experimental Assessment of Catalyst Deactivation....Pages 23-27 Front Matter....Pages 29-29 Coke Formation in the Gas Phase and on Surfaces....Pages 31-43 Carbon Formation and Gasification on Nickel....Pages 45-63 Carbon Formation on Metals Other Than Nickel and on Alloys....Pages 65-79 Constraints on Carbon Formation in Zeolite Catalysts....Pages 81-91 Application of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Studies of Coke Formation on Cracking Catalysts....Pages 93-102 A Rigorous Formulation of the Effect of Coke Formation on Catalyst Activity....Pages 103-126 Criteria for Carbon Formation....Pages 127-149 Front Matter....Pages 151-151 Catalyst Poisoning and Chemical Process Dynamics....Pages 153-208 Sulfur Poisoning....Pages 209-227 Front Matter....Pages 229-229 The Role of Chemical Transformations of Solids in Ageing and Deactivation of Catalysts....Pages 231-280 The Catalytic Effects of Water and Halogens on the Alteration of Catalyst Surfaces....Pages 281-314 Sintering of Commercial Supported Platinum Group Metal Catalysts....Pages 315-328 Sintering Studies Using Model Supported Metal Catalysts....Pages 329-340 Models for the Sintering of Supported Metal Catalysts....Pages 341-352 Front Matter....Pages 353-353 Deactivation and Regeneration of Catalytic-Reforming Catalysts....Pages 355-397 Back Matter....Pages 399-401 Most catalysts used in the chemical and petrochemical indusƯ tries are strongly affected by one or another form of deactivation, leading to poor performances and reduced life. The increasing numƯ ber of scientific communications devoted to the subject in recent years, and culminating with an International Symposium held in Antwerp in October 1980, is a measure of the interest it arouses in both the industrial and academic communities. A stage has been reached whereby it was thought that a NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Catalyst Deactivation" might be fruit ful in establishing the state of the art and in stimulating a more systematic research on the phenomenon. Such a meeting was held ~n Lagos, Portugal, from 18 to 29 May 1981. The purpose of the Institute was to present and discuss in a didatic and systematic way the various processes that lead to cata lyst deactivation, namely coking, poisoning and solid state trans formations, and at the same time to promote the exchange of ideas and experiences among the participants, drawn from industry and uni versity. The lectures presented at the Institute are collected in this volume with the exception of Dr. L.L. Hegedus "Catalyst Poisoning", which has been previously published (Catalysis Reviews, Science md Engineering, 23, 377-476, 1981) Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Progress in Catalyst Deactivation, Algarve, Portugal, May 1981