Programming Techniques using Python: Have Fun and Play with Basic and Advanced Core Python (English Edition)

This book on python was written keeping in view of the beginners who struggle to get good content and programs for learning in a very lucid manner. The main objective of writing this book was to clear the concepts from basics to advanced levels in a very simple way. The above book contains all the basic needs that a python programmer should know. All the concepts have been cleared with step-by-step approach and comment wherever necessary. A reader can understand very easily and practice it to sharpen the skills so that they can cement their position in this area in various multinational companies. The level is up to the mark and it is guaranteed that the reader will no longer be requiring any other book for the same concepts. The reader's confidence will be at the highest level after going through this book and we assure you that all the minute details have been taken into consideration while delivering the contents. This book will enable readers/learners looking to switch into python language by learning all the concepts in a simplified manner which will be aided with topic-by-topic explanation via videos/source code/ppts in the book. In addition, readers will also get the opportunity to practice objective questions for preparing different certification exams. Furthermore, this book highlights all the minute concepts coverage which are required to be known for executing different projects. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Basics of Python 2. Python Strings 3. Python Decision Making and Flow Control 4. Python Functions 5. Python Modules and Packages 6. Python Regular Expressions 7. Python Data Structure 8. Python Object Oriented Programming 9. Python File Handling 10. Python Multithreading Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Preface Acknowledgment Errata Dedication Page Contents List of Figures List of Tables I Python Basics 1 Basics of Python 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Keywords/Reserved Words 1.3 Identifiers 1.4 Implicit and Explicit Line Joining method 1.4.1 Implicit Line Joining method 1.4.2 Explicit Joining method 1.5 Print Function 1.5.1 Different styles to use print function: 1.6 Escape Sequences 1.7 Escape characters as Normal text 1.8 Comments, Indentation and its importance 1.9 Raw strings and Emoji's 1.10 Operator Basics and Types 1.11 Operator Precedence 1.12 Basic Hello World Program 1.13 Variables 1.13.1 Importance of Mnemonic Variable Names 1.14 Data Types 1.14.1 int data type 1.14.2 oat data type 1.14.3 Complex data type 1.14.4 Bool data type 1.14.5 str type 1.14.6 bytes data type 1.14.7 bytearray data type 1.14.8 list data type 1.14.9 tuple data type 1.14.10 range data type 1.14.11 set data type 1.14.12 frozenset data type 1.14.13 dict data type 1.14.14 memoryview data type 1.15 Data Type Conversions 1.16 Concept of Immutability vs Fundamental data types 1.17 Namespace 2 Python Strings 2.1 Reading Dynamic Input from the Keyboard 2.2 Strings 2.3 Python Multiline Strings 2.4 Python String Access 2.4.1 Using Index 2.4.2 Using slice operator 2.5 Python String methods 2.5.1 String capitalize() 2.5.2 String casefold() 2.5.3 String center() 2.5.4 String count() 2.5.5 String encode() 2.5.6 String endswith() 2.5.7 String expandtabs() 2.5.8 String find() 2.5.9 String format() 2.5.10 String format map() 2.5.11 String index() 2.5.12 String isalnum() 2.5.13 String isalpha() 2.5.14 String isdecimal() 2.5.15 String isdigit() 2.5.16 String isidentifier() 2.5.17 String islower() 2.5.18 String isnumeric() 2.5.19 String isprintable() 2.5.20 String isspace() 2.5.21 String istitle() 2.5.22 String isupper() 2.5.23 String join() 2.5.24 String ljust() 2.5.25 String lower() 2.5.26 String lstrip() 2.5.27 String maketrans() 2.5.28 String partition() 2.5.29 String replace() 2.5.30 String rfind() 2.5.31 String rindex() 2.5.32 String rjust() 2.5.33 String rpartition() 2.5.34 String rsplit() 2.5.35 String rstrip() 2.5.36 String split() 2.5.37 String splitlines() 2.5.38 String startswith() 2.5.39 String strip() 2.5.40 String swapcase() 2.5.41 String title() 2.5.42 String translate() 2.5.43 String upper() 2.5.44 String zfill() 3 Python Decision Making and Flow Control 3.1 Selection Statements/ Conditional Statements 3.1.1 if 3.1.2 if-else 3.1.3 if-elif-else 3.2 Iterative statements 3.2.1 for 3.2.2 while 3.3 Transfer statements 3.3.1 break 3.3.2 continue 3.3.3 pass 3.4 in keyword usage 3.4.1 Loop Patterns 3.4.2 Star Pattern 3.4.3 Alphabet Pattern 3.4.4 Number Pattern 3.5 Debugging analysis 3.6 Exception Handling in Python 3 3.6.1 Syntax Error 3.6.2 RunTime Error 3.6.3 Importance of Exception Handling 3.6.4 Python Exception Hierarchy 3.6.5 Customized Exception Handling 3.6.6 Control ow in try-except 3.6.7 Exception information printing to the console 3.6.8 Try with multiple except blocks 3.6.9 Single except block that can handle multiple exceptions 3.6.10 Default except block 3.6.11 Possible combinations of except block 3.6.12 finally except block 3.6.13 Control ow in try-except and finally 3.6.14 Nested try-except finally block 3.6.15 Control ow in Nested try-except finally block 3.6.16 Else block with try-except finally block 3.6.17 Possible combinations of try-except-else-finally block 3.6.18 Exception Types 3.7 DRY Concept II Python Function 4 Python Functions 4.1 Introduction to Functions 4.2 Function Types 4.2.1 Built in Functions 4.2.2 User defined functions 4.3 Function Arguments 4.3.1 Positional arguments 4.3.2 Keyword arguments 4.3.3 Default arguments 4.3.4 Variable length arguments 4.3.5 Keyword Variable length arguments (kwargs) 4.4 Nested Function 4.5 Python Closures 4.6 Function Passing as a Parameter 4.7 Local, Global and Non-Local Variables 4.7.1 Local Variables 4.7.2 Global Variables 4.7.3 Non-Local Variables 4.8 Recursive Function 4.9 Python Lambda functions 4.9.1 Nested Lambda functions 4.9.2 Passing Lambda functions to another function 4.9.3 Immediately Invoked Function Execution (IIFE) 4.9.4 Python Lambda and map() 4.9.5 Python Lambda and filter() 4.9.6 Python Lambda and reduce() 4.10 Pass or Call by Object Reference 4.11 Functions with all Type of Arguments (PADK) 4.12 Iterator vs Iterable 4.13 Python Currying Function 5 Python Modules and Packages 5.1 Introduction to Python Modules 5.2 Import with renaming 5.3 from import statement 5.4 Python Module Reloading 5.5 Special variable name 5.6 Logging module 5.6.1 Logging levels 5.6.2 Logging Implementation 5.6.3 Formatting log messages 5.6.4 Variable Data log 5.6.5 Stack Trace Capture 5.6.6 Classes in Logging Module 5.7 Debugging using Assertion 5.8 Python Packages 6 Python Regular Expressions 6.1 compile() 6.2 finditer() 6.3 Character Classes 6.4 Pre-defined Character Classes 6.5 Quantifiers 6.6 Functions of re module 6.7 Metacharacters 6.8 r prefix III Python Data Structure 7 Python Data Structure 7.1 Array Data Structure 7.1.1 One Dimensional Array 7.1.2 One Dimensional Array creation 7.1.3 Empty Array Creation 7.1.4 Index 7.1.5 Array accessing using for loop 7.1.6 Array accessing using while loop 7.1.7 append method in array 7.1.8 Prompting array input from user using for loop 7.1.9 Prompting array input from user using while loop 7.1.10 insert method in array 7.1.11 pop method in array 7.1.12 remove method in array 7.1.13 index method in array 7.1.14 reverse method in array 7.1.15 extend method in array 7.1.16 slicing method in array 7.2 List Data Structure 7.2.1 Creating a list 7.2.2 Lists vs Immutability 7.2.3 Accessing elements of list 7.2.4 List functions and methods 7.2.5 Aliasing of List objects 7.2.6 Cloning of List objects 7.2.7 Mathematical operator for List objects 7.2.8 List objects comparison 7.2.9 Nested list 7.2.10 List Comprehension 7.3 Tuple Data Structure 7.3.1 Tuple Creation 7.3.2 Accessing elements of tuple 7.3.3 Tuple vs Immutability 7.3.4 Mathematical operator for tuple objects 7.3.5 Modifying tuple object 7.3.6 Getting tuple input from the user 7.3.7 Tuple functions and methods 7.3.8 Tuple packing and unpacking 7.3.9 Tuple comprehension 7.3.10 Nested tuple 7.3.11 List vs Tuple Comparison 7.4 Set Data Structure 7.4.1 Set creation 7.4.2 Set methods 7.4.3 Methods performing mathematical operations on the set 7.4.4 Set Comprehension 7.5 Dictionary Data Structure 7.5.1 Creation of an empty dictionary 7.5.2 Creation of a dictionary 7.5.3 Accessing dictionary 7.5.4 Modifying dictionary 7.5.5 Deleting dictionary item 7.5.6 Dictionary methods and functions 7.5.7 Dictionary Comprehension 7.6 Generators 7.7 Collections Module 8 Python Object Oriented Programming 8.1 Class 8.1.1 Class definition 8.2 Object 8.3 Reference Variable 8.4 Self Variable 8.5 Constructor Concept 8.6 Decorators 8.6.1 Function decorators 8.6.2 Decorator chaining 8.6.3 Class Decorators 8.7 Object Level Variables or Instance Variables 8.7.1 Places of declaration of instance variables 8.7.2 Accessing instance variables 8.7.3 Deleting instance variable from the object 8.8 Class Level Variables or Static Variables 8.8.1 Different places to declare static variables 8.8.2 Access static variables 8.8.3 Modify static variables 8.8.4 Deletion of static variables 8.9 Local variables 8.10 Instance Methods 8.10.1 Getter / Accessor method 8.10.2 Setter / Mutator method 8.11 Class methods 8.12 Static Methods 8.13 Accessing members of one class to another class 8.14 Inner Class 8.15 Garbage Collector 8.16 Destructor 8.17 Composition and Inheritance 8.17.1 Composition 8.17.2 Inheritance 8.18 super() concept 8.19 Polymorphism 8.19.1 Duck Typing 8.19.2 Overloading concept in python 8.19.3 Overriding concept in python 8.19.4 Constructor overriding 8.20 Access modifiers and Encapsulation 8.21 Abstract Class 8.22 Interface 9 Python File Handling 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Files 9.3 Opening a File 9.4 Closing a File 9.5 File Object Properties and Methods 9.6 Writing Data to the Text Files 9.6.1 write() method 9.6.2 writelines() method 9.7 Reading Character Data from the Text Files 9.8 with statement 9.9 File Methods() 9.10 Binary Data Handling 9.11 CSV File Handling 9.11.1 Writing data to csv file 9.11.2 Reading data from csv file 9.12 Zipping and Unzipping Files 9.12.1 To perform a zip operation 9.12.2 To perform an unzip operation 9.13 Picking and Unpickling of Objects 9.14 Date and Time 9.14.1 Time module 9.14.2 Datetime module 10 Python Multithreading 10.1 Multitasking 10.1.1 Process based multitasking 10.1.2 Thread based multitasking 10.2 Thread creation 10.2.1 Thread creation without using any class 10.2.2 Thread creation by extending Thread class 10.2.3 Thread creation without extending Thread class 10.3 Set and Get Name Thread 10.4 Single Tasking using a thread 10.5 Thread identification number 10.6 active count 10.7 enumerate 10.8 IsAlive 10.9 Join 10.10 Daemon and Non-Daemon Threads 10.10.1 Create daemon thread 10.10.2 Default Thread nature 10.11 Multitasking using multiple Thread 10.12 Thread Race Condition 10.13 Thread Synchronization 10.13.1 Using Locks 10.13.2 Using Re-Entrant Lock (RLock) 10.13.3 Using semaphores 10.14 Inter-Thread Communication (ITC) 10.14.1 Inter-Thread Communication by using Event objects 10.14.2 Inter-Thread Communication by using Condition 10.14.3 Inter-Thread Communication by using Queue 10.15 Some tips for good programming practices APPENDICES Appendices Appendix A Some Other Python Modules Appendix B Additional Solved Examples Appendix C Command Line Arguments in Strings Appendix D Some OS Module Methods/Attributes Appendix E Built in Functions Appendix F Additional Programming for Practice Appendix G Objective Questions Index