Process piping : ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 : an international piping code

CONTENTS FOREWORD ASME B31 COMMITTEE Code for Pressure Piping INTRODUCTION ASME B31.3-2016 SUMMARY OF CHANGES Chapter I Scope and Definitions 300 GENERAL STATEMENTS 300.1 Scope 300.1.1 Content and Coverage 300.1.2 Packaged Equipment Piping. 300.1.3 Exclusions. 300.1.4 Rounding. 300.2 Definitions 300.3 Nomenclature 300.4 Status of Appendices Chapter II Design PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA 301 DESIGN CONDITIONS 301.1 Qualifications of the Designer 301.2 Design Pressure 301.2.1 General 301.2.2 Required Pressure Containment or Relief 301.3 Design Temperature 301.3.1 Design Minimum Temperature. 301.3.2 Uninsulated Components 301.3.3 Externally Insulated Piping. 301.3.4 Internally Insulated Piping. 301.4 Ambient Effects 301.4.1 Cooling -- Effects on Pressure. 301.4.2 Fluid Expansion Effects. 301.4.3 Atmospheric Icing. 301.4.4 Low Ambient Temperature. 301.5 Dynamic Effects 301.5.1 Impact. 301.5.2 Wind. 301.5.3 Earthquake. 301.5.4 Vibration. 301.5.5 Discharge Reactions. 301.6 Weight Effects 301.6.1 Live Loads. 301.6.2 Dead Loads. 301.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects 301.7.1 Thermal Loads Due to Restraints. 301.7.2 Loads Due to Temperature Gradients. 301.7.3 Loads Due to Differences in Expansion Characteristics. 301.8 Effects of Support, Anchor, and Terminal Movements 301.9 Reduced Ductility Effects 301.10 Cyclic Effects 301.11 Air Condensation Effects 302 DESIGN CRITERIA 302.1 General 302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria 302.2.1 Listed Components Having Established Ratings. 302.2.2 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings 302.2.3 Unlisted Components. 302.2.4 Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variations. 302.2.5 Ratings at Junction of Different Services. 302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits 302.3.1 General. 302.3.2 Bases for Design Stresses.2 302.3.3 Casting Quality Factor, Ec 302.3.4 Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej 302.3.5 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Displacement Strains 302.3.6 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads 302.4 Allowances 302.5 Mechanical Strength PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS 303 GENERAL 304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS 304.1 Straight Pipe 304.1.1 General 304.1.2 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure 304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure. 304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe 304.2.1 Pipe Bends. 304.2.2 Elbows. 304.2.3 Miter Bends. 304.2.4 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe Under External Pressure. 304.3 Branch Connections 304.3.1 General 304.3.2 Strength of Branch Connections. 304.3.3 Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections. 304.3.4 Reinforcement of Extruded Outlet Headers 304.3.5 Additional Design Considerations. 304.3.6 Branch Connections Under External Pressure. 304.4 Closures 304.4.1 General 304.4.2 Openings in Closures 304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks 304.5.1 Flanges -- General 304.5.2 Blind Flanges 304.5.3 Blanks 304.6 Reducers 304.6.1 Concentric Reducers 304.6.2 Eccentric Reducers. 304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components 304.7.1 Listed Components. 304.7.2 Unlisted Components. 304.7.3 Metallic Components With Nonmetallic Pressure Parts. 304.7.4 Expansion Joints PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS 305 PIPE 305.1 General 305.2 Specific Requirements 305.2.1 Pipe for Category D Fluid Service. 305.2.2 Pipe Requiring Safeguarding. 305.2.3 Pipe for Severe Cyclic Conditions 305.2.4 Elevated Temperature Fluid Service. 306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS 306.1 Pipe Fittings 306.1.1 Listed Fittings. 306.1.2 Unlisted Fittings. 306.1.3 Specific Fittings 306.1.4 Fittings for Severe Cyclic Conditions 306.2 Pipe Bends 306.2.1 General 306.2.2 Corrugated and Other Bends. 306.2.3 Bends for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 306.3 Miter Bends 306.3.1 General. 306.3.2 Miter Bends for Category D Fluid Service. 306.3.3 Miter Bends for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 306.4 Laps 306.4.1 Fabricated Laps. 306.4.2 Flared Laps. 306.4.3 Forged Laps. 306.4.4 Laps for Severe Cyclic Conditions 306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections 306.5.1 General. 306.5.2 Fabricated Branch Connections for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 306.6 Thermowells 307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS 307.1 General 307.1.1 Listed Valves. 307.1.2 Unlisted Valves. 307.2 Specific Requirements 307.2.1 Bonnet Bolting. 307.2.2 Stem Retention. 308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS 308.1 General 308.1.1 Listed Components. 308.1.2 Unlisted Components. 308.2 Specific Requirements for Flanges 308.2.1 Slip-On Flanges 308.2.2 Expanded-Joint Flanges. 308.2.3 Socket Welding and Threaded Flanges. 308.2.4 Flanges for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 308.2.5 Flanges for Flared Metallic Laps. 308.3 Flange Facings 308.4 Gaskets 309 BOLTING 309.1 General 309.1.1 Listed Bolting. 309.1.2 Unlisted Bolting. 309.1.3 Bolting for Components. 309.1.4 Selection Criteria. 309.2 Specific Bolting 309.2.1 Low Yield Strength Bolting. 309.2.2 Carbon Steel Bolting. 309.2.3 Bolting for Metallic Flange Combinations. 309.2.4 Bolting for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 309.3 Tapped Holes PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS 310 GENERAL 311 WELDED JOINTS 311.1 General 311.2 Specific Requirements 311.2.1 Welds for Category D Fluid Service. 311.2.2 Welds for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 311.2.3 Welds for Elevated Temperature Fluid Service. 311.2.4 Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts 311.2.5 Socket Welds 311.2.6 Fillet Welds 311.2.7 Seal Welds. 312 FLANGED JOINTS 312.1 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings 312.2 Metal to Nonmetal Flanged Joints 312.3 Flanged Joint Assembly 313 EXPANDED JOINTS 314 THREADED JOINTS 314.1 General 314.2 Specific Requirements 314.2.1 Taper-Threaded Joints. 314.2.2 Straight-Threaded Joints. 315 TUBING JOINTS 315.1 General 315.2 Joints Conforming to Listed Standards 315.3 Joints Not Conforming to Listed Standards 316 CAULKED JOINTS 317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS 317.1 Soldered Joints 317.2 Brazed and Braze Welded Joints 318 SPECIAL JOINTS 318.1 General 318.1.1 Listed Joints. 318.1.2 Unlisted Joints. 318.2 Specific Requirements 318.2.1 Joint Integrity. 318.2.2 Joint Interlocks. 318.2.3 Bell and Gland Type Joints. PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT 319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY 319.1 Requirements 319.1.1 Basic Requirements. 319.1.2 Specific Requirements. 319.2 Concepts 319.2.1 Displacement Strains 319.2.2 Displacement Stresses 319.2.3 Displacement Stress Range 319.2.4 Cold Spring. 319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis 319.3.1 Thermal Expansion Data 319.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity. 319.3.3 Poisson's Ratio. 319.3.4 Allowable Stresses 319.3.5 Dimensions. 319.3.6 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors. 319.4 Flexibility Analysis 319.4.1 Formal Analysis Not Required. 319.4.2 Formal Analysis Requirements 319.4.3 Basic Assumptions and Requirements. 319.4.4 Flexibility Stresses 319.5 Reactions 319.5.1 Maximum Reactions for Simple Systems. 319.5.2 Maximum Reactions for Complex Systems. 319.6 Calculation of Movements 319.7 Means of Increasing Flexibility 320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS 320.1 Basic Assumptions and Requirements 320.2 Stress Due to Sustained Loads 321 PIPING SUPPORT 321.1 General 321.1.1 Objectives. 321.1.2 Analysis. 321.1.3 Stresses for Pipe Supporting Elements. 321.1.4 Materials 321.1.5 Threads. 321.2 Fixtures 321.2.1 Anchors and Guides 321.2.2 Inextensible Supports Other Than Anchors and Guides 321.2.3 Resilient Supports 321.2.4 Counterweight Supports. 321.2.5 Hydraulic Supports. 321.3 Structural Attachments 321.3.1 Nonintegral Attachments. 321.3.2 Integral Attachments. 321.4 Structural Connections PART 6 SYSTEMS 322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS 322.3 Instrument Piping 322.3.1 Definition. 322.3.2 Requirements. 322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems 322.6.1 Stop Valves in Pressure Relief Piping. 322.6.2 Pressure Relief Discharge Piping. 322.6.3 Pressure-Relieving Devices Chapter III Materials 323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 323.1 Materials and Specifications 323.1.1 Listed Materials. 323.1.2 Unlisted Materials. 323.1.3 Unknown Materials. 323.1.4 Reclaimed Materials. 323.2 Temperature Limitations 323.2.1 Upper Temperature Limits, Listed Materials. 323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials. 323.2.3 Temperature Limits, Unlisted Materials. 323.2.4 Verification of Serviceability 323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria 323.3.1 General. 323.3.2 Procedure. 323.3.3 Test Specimens. 323.3.4 Test Temperatures. 323.3.5 Acceptance Criteria 323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Materials 323.4.1 General. 323.4.2 Specific Requirements 323.4.3 Cladding and Lining Materials. 323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service 325 MATERIALS -- MISCELLANEOUS 325.1 Joining and Auxiliary Materials Chapter IV Standards for Piping Components 326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS 326.1 Dimensional Requirements 326.1.1 Listed Piping Components. 326.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components. 326.1.3 Threads. 326.2 Ratings of Components 326.2.1 Listed Components. 326.2.2 Unlisted Components. 326.3 Reference Documents Chapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection 327 GENERAL 328 WELDING AND BRAZING 328.1 Responsibility 328.2 Welding and Brazing Qualification 328.2.1 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications. 328.2.2 Procedure Qualification by Others. 328.2.3 Performance Qualification by Others. 328.2.4 Qualification Records. 328.3 Welding Materials 328.3.1 Electrodes and Filler Metal. 328.3.2 Weld Backing Material. 328.3.3 Consumable Inserts. 328.4 Preparation for Welding 328.4.1 Cleaning. 328.4.2 End Preparation 328.4.3 Alignment 328.5 Welding Requirements 328.5.1 General 328.5.2 Fillet and Socket Welds. 328.5.3 Seal Welds. 328.5.4 Welded Branch Connections 328.5.5 Fabricated Laps. 328.5.6 Welding for Severe Cyclic Conditions. 328.6 Weld Repair 328.7 Attachment Welds 330 PREHEATING 330.1 General 330.1.1 Requirements. 330.1.2 Unlisted Materials. 330.1.3 Preheat Temperature Verification 330.1.4 Preheat Zone. 330.2 Specific Requirements 330.2.1 Different P-No. Materials. 330.2.2 Interruption of Welding. 331 HEAT TREATMENT 331.1 General 331.1.1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements 331.1.2 Other Heat Treatments 331.1.3 Definition of Thicknesses Governing PWHT 331.1.4 Heating and Cooling. 331.1.6 Temperature Verification. 331.2 Specific Requirements 331.2.1 Alternative Heat Treatment. 331.2.2 Exceptions to Basic Requirements. 331.2.3 Dissimilar Materials 331.2.4 Delayed Heat Treatment. 331.2.5 Partial Heat Treatment. 331.2.6 Local Heat Treatment. 332 BENDING AND FORMING 332.1 General 332.2 Bending 332.2.1 Bend Flattening. 332.2.2 Bending Temperature 332.2.3 Corrugated and Other Bends. 332.3 Forming 332.4 Required Heat Treatment 332.4.1 Hot Bending and Forming. 332.4.2 Cold Bending and Forming. 333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING 333.1 Qualification 333.1.1 Brazing Qualification. 333.1.2 Soldering Qualification. 333.2 Brazing and Soldering Materials 333.2.1 Brazing Filler Metal and Flux. 333.2.2 Soldering Filler Metal and Flux. 333.3 Preparation and Cleaning 333.3.1 Surface Preparation. 333.3.2 Joint Clearance. 333.3.3 Flux Removal. 335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION 335.1 Alignment 335.2 Flanged Joints 335.2.1 Preparation for Assembly. 335.2.2 Bolting Torque 335.2.3 Bolt Length. 335.2.4 Gaskets. 335.2.5 Flanged Joint Assembly. 335.3 Threaded Joints 335.3.1 Thread Compound or Lubricant. 335.3.2 Joints for Seal Welding. 335.3.3 Straight Threaded Joints. 335.4 Tubing Joints 335.4.1 Flared Tubing Joints. 335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints. 335.5 Caulked Joints 335.6 Expanded Joints and Special Joints 335.6.1 General. 335.6.2 Packed Joints. 335.9 Cleaning of Piping 335.10 Identification of Piping Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing 340 INSPECTION 340.1 General 340.2 Responsibility for Inspection 340.3 Rights of the Owner's Inspector 340.4 Qualifications of the Owner's Inspector 341 EXAMINATION 341.1 General 341.2 Responsibility for Examination 341.3 Examination Requirements 341.3.1 General. 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria. 341.3.3 Defective Components and Workmanship. 341.3.4 Progressive Sampling for Examination. 341.4 Extent of Required Examination 341.4.1 Examination -- Normal Fluid Service. 341.4.2 Examination -- Category D Fluid Service. 341.4.3 Examination -- Severe Cyclic Conditions. 341.4.4 Examination -- Elevated Temperature Fluid Service. 341.5 Supplementary Examination 341.5.1 Spot Radiography 341.5.2 Hardness Tests. 341.5.3 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty. 342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL 342.1 Personnel Qualification and Certification 342.2 Specific Requirement 343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES 344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION 344.1 General 344.1.1 Methods. 344.1.2 Special Methods. 344.1.3 Definitions. 344.2 Visual Examination 344.2.1 Definition. 344.2.2 Method. 344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination 344.3.1 Method. 344.3.2 Acceptance Criteria. 344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination 344.4.1 Method. 344.4.2 Acceptance Criteria. 344.5 Radiographic Examination 344.5.1 Method. 344.5.2 Extent of Radiography 344.6 Ultrasonic Examination 344.6.1 Method. 344.6.2 Acceptance Criteria. 344.7 In-Process Examination 344.7.1 Definition. 344.7.2 Method. 345 TESTING 345.1 Required Leak Test 345.2 General Requirements for Leak Tests 345.2.1 Limitations on Pressure 345.2.2 Other Test Requirements 345.2.3 Special Provisions for Testing 345.2.4 Externally Pressured Piping 345.2.5 Jacketed Piping 345.2.6 Repairs or Additions After Leak Testing. 345.2.7 Test Records. 345.3 Preparation for Leak Test 345.3.1 Joints Exposed 345.3.2 Temporary Supports. 345.3.3 Piping With Expansion Joints 345.3.4 Limits of Tested Piping. 345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test 345.4.1 Test Fluid. 345.4.2 Test Pressure. 345.4.3 Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System 345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test 345.5.1 Precautions. 345.5.2 Pressure Relief Device. 345.5.3 Test Fluid. 345.5.4 Test Pressure. 345.5.5 Procedure. 345.6 Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test 345.7 Initial Service Leak Test 345.7.1 Test Fluid. 345.7.2 Procedure. 345.7.3 Examination for Leaks. 345.8 Sensitive Leak Test 345.9 Alternative Leak Test 345.9.1 Examination of Welds. 345.9.2 Flexibility Analysis. 345.9.3 Test Method. 346 RECORDS 346.2 Responsibility 346.3 Retention of Records Chapter VII Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals A300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA A301 DESIGN CONDITIONS A301.2 Design Pressure A301.3 Design Temperature A301.3.1 Design Minimum Temperature. A301.3.2 Uninsulated Components. A302 DESIGN CRITERIA A302.1 General A302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria A302.2.1 Listed Components Having Established Ratings. A302.2.2 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings. A302.2.3 Unlisted Components. A302.2.4 Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variations A302.2.5 Rating at Junction of Different Services. A302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits A302.3.1 General A302.3.2 Bases for Allowable Stresses and Pressures A302.3.3 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads A302.3.4 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads A302.4 Allowances PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS A303 GENERAL A304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS A304.1 Straight Pipe A304.1.1 General A304.1.2 Straight Nonmetallic Pipe Under Internal Pressure. A304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure A304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe A304.2.1 Pipe Bends. A304.2.2 Elbows. A304.2.3 Miter Bends. A304.3 Branch Connections A304.3.1 General. A304.3.2 Branch Connections Using Fittings. A304.3.3 Additional Design Considerations. A304.4 Closures A304.5 Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Flanges A304.5.1 General A304.5.2 Blind Flanges. A304.6 Reducers A304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components A304.7.1 Listed Components. A304.7.2 Unlisted Components. A304.7.3 Nonmetallic Components With Metallic Pressure Parts. PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS A305 PIPE A306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS A306.1 Pipe Fittings A306.1.1 Listed Fittings. A306.1.2 Unlisted Fittings. A306.2 Pipe Bends A306.2.1 General. A306.2.2 Corrugated and Other Bends. A306.3 Miter Bends A306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps A306.4.1 Fabricated Laps A306.4.2 Flared Laps. A306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections A306.5.1 General. A306.5.2 Specific Requirements. A307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS A308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS A308.1 General A308.2 Nonmetallic Flanges A308.2.1 General A308.2.2 Threaded Flanges. A308.3 Flange Facings A308.4 Limitations on Gaskets A308.4.1 Lining Used as Facing or Gasket. A309 BOLTING A309.1 General A309.2 Specific Bolting A309.3 Tapped Holes in Nonmetallic Components PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS A310 GENERAL A311 BONDED JOINTS IN PLASTICS A311.1 General A311.2 Specific Requirements A311.2.1 Fillet Bonds. A311.2.2 Seal Bonds. A311.2.3 Joints Limited to Category D Fluid Service. A312 FLANGED JOINTS A313 EXPANDED JOINTS A314 THREADED JOINTS A314.1 General A314.2 Specific Requirements A314.2.1 Thermoplastic Piping A314.2.2 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping. A314.2.3 Reinforced Plastic Mortar Piping. A315 TUBING JOINTS A316 CAULKED JOINTS A318 SPECIAL JOINTS A318.1 General A318.2 Specific Requirements A318.3 Piping Lined With Nonmetals A318.3.1 Welding of Metallic Piping A318.3.2 Flared Linings A318.4 Flexible Elastomeric Sealed Joints PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT A319 FLEXIBILITY OF NONMETALLIC PIPING A319.1 Requirements A319.1.1 Basic Requirements. A319.1.2 Specific Requirements A319.2 Concepts A319.2.1 Displacement Strains. A319.2.2 Displacement Stresses A319.2.3 Cold Spring. A319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis A319.3.1 Thermal Expansion Data. A319.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity. A319.3.3 Poisson's Ratio. A319.3.4 Dimensions. A319.4 Analysis A319.4.1 Formal Analysis Not Required. A319.4.2 Formal Analysis Requirements. A319.5 Reactions A319.6 Movements A319.7 Means of Increasing Flexibility A321 PIPING SUPPORT A321.5 Supports for Nonmetallic Piping A321.5.1 General. A321.5.2 Supports for Thermoplastic, RTR, and RPM Piping. A321.5.3 Supports for Brittle Piping. PART 6 SYSTEMS A322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS A322.3 Instrument Piping A322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems A322.6.3 Overpressure Protection. PART 7 MATERIALS A323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A323.1 Materials and Specifications A323.1.4 Reclaimed Materials. A323.2 Temperature Limitations A323.2.1 Upper Temperature Limits, Listed Materials A323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials A323.2.3 Temperature Limits, Unlisted Materials. A323.2.4 Verification of Serviceability. A323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials A323.4.1 General A323.4.2 Specific Requirements A323.4.3 Piping Lined With Nonmetals A323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service A325 MATERIALS -- MISCELLANEOUS PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS A326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS A326.1 Requirements A326.4 Abbreviations in Table A326.1 and Appendix B PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION A327 GENERAL A328 BONDING OF PLASTICS A328.1 Bonding Responsibility A328.2 Bonding Qualifications A328.2.1 Qualification Requirements A328.2.2 Procedure Qualification by Others. A328.2.3 Performance Qualification by Others. A328.2.4 Qualification Records. A328.2.5 Qualification Tests. A328.2.6 Performance Requalification. A328.3 Bonding Materials and Equipment A328.3.1 Materials. A328.3.2 Equipment. A328.4 Preparation for Bonding A328.5 Bonding Requirements A328.5.1 General A328.5.2 Hot Gas Welded Joints in Thermoplastic Piping A328.5.3 Solvent Cemented Joints in Thermoplastic Piping A328.5.4 Heat Fusion Joints in Thermoplastic Piping A328.5.5 Electrofusion Joints in Thermoplastic Piping A328.5.6 Adhesive Joints in RTR and RPM Piping A328.5.7 Butt-and-Wrapped Joints in RTR and RPM Piping A328.6 Bonding Repair A328.7 Seal Bonds A329 FABRICATION OF PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS A329.1 Welding of Metallic Piping A329.1.1 General A329.1.2 Specific Welding Requirements. A329.2 Flaring of Nonmetallic Linings A329.2.1 General A332 BENDING AND FORMING A332.1 General A332.2 Bending A332.3 Forming A334 JOINING NONPLASTIC PIPING A334.1 Borosilicate Glass Piping A334.2 Repair of Defects A335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION A335.1 Alignment A335.2 Flanged and Mechanical Joints A335.2.5 Nonmetallic Bolted Joints A335.2.6 Metallic Piping Lined With Nonmetals. A335.3 Threaded Joints A335.3.2 Joints for Seal Bonding. A335.3.4 Tools, Nonmetallic Piping. A335.3.5 RTR and RPM Piping. A335.4 Tubing Joints A335.4.1 Flared Joints in Thermoplastic Tubing. A335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints. A335.5 Caulked Joints A335.6 Special Joints A335.6.3 Flexible Elastomeric Sealed Joints. A335.8 Assembly of Brittle Piping A335.8.1 General. A335.8.2 Borosilicate Glass Piping. A335.9 Cleaning of Piping PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING A340 INSPECTION A341 EXAMINATION A341.1 General A341.2 Responsibility for Examination A341.3 Examination Requirements A341.3.1 Responsibility for Examination. A341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria. A341.3.3 Defective Components and Workmanship. A341.3.4 Progressive Sampling for Examination. A341.4 Extent of Required Examination A341.4.1 Examination Normally Required. A341.4.2 Examination -- Category D Fluid Service. A341.5 Supplementary Examination A341.5.1 General. A341.5.2 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty. A342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL A343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES A344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION A344.1 General A344.2 Visual Examination A344.5 Radiographic Examination A344.6 Ultrasonic Examination A344.7 In-Process Examination A345 TESTING A345.1 Required Leak Test A345.2 General Requirements for Leak Test A345.2.1 Limitations on Pressure. A345.2.2 Other Test Requirements A345.3 Preparation for Leak Test A345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test A345.4.1 Test Fluid. A345.4.2 Test Pressure A345.4.3 Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System. A345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test A345.5.1 Precautions. A345.5.2 Other Requirements A345.6 Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test A345.7 Initial Service Leak Test A345.8 Sensitive Leak Test A346 RECORDS Chapter VIII Piping for Category M Fluid Service M300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA M301 DESIGN CONDITIONS M301.3 Design Temperature, Metallic Piping M301.5 Dynamic Effects M301.5.1 Impact. M301.5.4 Vibration. M302 DESIGN CRITERIA M302.1 General M302.2.4 Allowance for Pressure and Temperature Variations, Metallic Piping. PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS M303 GENERAL M304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF METALLIC COMPONENTS PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS M305 PIPE M305.1 General M305.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Pipe M306 METALLIC FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS M306.1 Pipe Fittings M306.1.3 Specific Fittings M306.2 Pipe Bends M306.3 Miter Bends M306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps M306.4.1 General. M306.4.2 Flared Laps. M306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections M306.6 Closures M307 METALLIC VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS M307.1 General M307.2 Specific Requirements M308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS M308.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Flanges M308.3 Flange Facings M308.4 Gaskets M308.5 Blanks M309 BOLTING PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC PIPING JOINTS M310 METALLIC PIPING, GENERAL M311 WELDED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M311.1 General M311.2 Specific Requirements M312 FLANGED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M313 EXPANDED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M314 THREADED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M314.1 General M314.2 Specific Requirements M314.2.1 Taper-Threaded Joints. M314.2.2 Straight-Threaded Joints. M315 TUBING JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING M316 CAULKED JOINTS M317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS M318 SPECIAL JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF METALLIC PIPING M319 FLEXIBILITY OF METALLIC PIPING M320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS M321 PIPING SUPPORT PART 6 SYSTEMS M322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS M322.3 Instrument Piping M322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems M322.6.3 Overpressure Protection PART 7 METALLIC MATERIALS M323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS M323.1 Materials and Specifications M323.1.2 Unlisted Materials. M323.1.3 Unknown Materials. M323.1.4 Reclaimed Metallic Materials. M323.2 Temperature Limitations M323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria M323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Metallic Materials M323.4.2 Specific Requirements. M323.4.3 Metallic Cladding and Lining Materials. M323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service M325 MATERIALS -- MISCELLANEOUS M325.1 Joining and Auxiliary Materials PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS M326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS M326.1 Dimensional Requirements M326.1.1 Listed Piping Components. M326.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components. M326.2 Ratings of Components M326.3 Reference Documents PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING M327 GENERAL M328 WELDING OF METALS M328.3 Welding Materials M330 PREHEATING OF METALS M331 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS M332 BENDING AND FORMING OF METALS M335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING M335.1 General M335.1.1 Alignment. M335.2 Flanged Joints M335.3 Threaded Joints M335.3.3 Straight-Threaded Joints. M335.3.4 Condition of Threads. M335.4 Tubing Joints M335.4.1 Flared Tubing Joints. M335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints. M335.6 Special Joints M335.9 Cleaning of Piping M335.10 Identification of Piping PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, TESTING, AND RECORDS OF METALLIC PIPING M340 INSPECTION M341 EXAMINATION M341.4 Extent of Required Examination M342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL M343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES M344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION M345 TESTING M346 RECORDS MA300 GENERAL STATEMENTS PART 11 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA MA301 DESIGN CONDITIONS MA302 DESIGN CRITERIA MA302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria MA302.2.4 Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variation. MA302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits MA302.4 Allowances PART 12 PRESSURE DESIGN OF NONMETALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS MA303 GENERAL MA304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF NONMETALLIC COMPONENTS PART 13 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS MA305 PIPE MA306 NONMETALLIC FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS MA306.3 Miter Bends MA306.4 Fabricated Laps MA306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections MA307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS MA308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS MA308.2 Nonmetallic Flanges MA309 BOLTING PART 14 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING JOINTS MA310 GENERAL MA311 BONDED JOINTS MA311.1 General MA311.2 Specific Requirements MA312 FLANGED JOINTS MA313 EXPANDED JOINTS MA314 THREADED JOINTS MA314.1 General MA315 TUBING JOINTS IN NONMETALLIC PIPING MA316 CAULKED JOINTS MA318 SPECIAL JOINTS PART 15 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF NONMETALLIC PIPING MA319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY MA321 PIPING SUPPORT PART 16 NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED SYSTEMS MA322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS PART 17 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS MA323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS MA323.1.2 Unlisted Materials. MA323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials MA323.4.2 Specific Requirements. MA323.4.3 Nonmetallic Lining Materials. PART 18 STANDARDS FOR NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED PIPING COMPONENTS MA326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS PART 19 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION OF NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED PIPING MA327 GENERAL MA328 BONDING OF PLASTICS MA329 FABRICATION OF PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS MA332 BENDING AND FORMING MA334 JOINING NONPLASTIC PIPING MA335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION PART 20 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, TESTING, AND RECORDS OF NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED PIPING MA340 INSPECTION MA341 EXAMINATION MA341.1 General MA341.4 Extent of Required Examination MA342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL MA343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES MA344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION MA345 TESTING MA346 RECORDS Chapter IX High Pressure Piping K300 GENERAL STATEMENTS K300.1 Scope K300.1.1 Content and Coverage. K300.1.2 Packaged Equipment Piping. K300.1.3 Exclusions. K300.1.4 Category M Fluid Service. K300.2 Definitions K300.3 Nomenclature K300.4 Status of Appendices PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA K301 DESIGN CONDITIONS K301.1 General K301.2 Design Pressure K301.2.1 General. K301.2.2 Required Pressure Containment or Relief. K301.3 Design Temperature K301.3.1 Design Minimum Temperature. K301.3.2 Uninsulated Components. K301.5 Dynamic Effects K301.5.4 Vibration. K302 DESIGN CRITERIA K302.1 General K302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria K302.2.1 Listed Components Having Established Ratings. K302.2.2 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings K302.2.3 Unlisted Components K302.2.4 Allowance for Pressure and Temperature Variations. K302.2.5 Ratings at Junction of Different Services. K302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits K302.3.1 General. K302.3.2 Bases for Allowable Stresses. K302.3.3 Casting Quality Factor. K302.3.4 Weld Joint Quality Factor. K302.3.5 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Displacement Strains K302.3.6 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads K302.4 Allowances K302.5 Mechanical Strength PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS K303 GENERAL K304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF HIGH PRESSURE COMPONENTS K304.1 Straight Pipe K304.1.1 General K304.1.2 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure K304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure. K304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe K304.2.1 Pipe Bends. K304.2.2 Elbows. K304.2.3 Miter Bends. K304.2.4 Curved Segments of Pipe Under External Pressure. K304.3 Branch Connections K304.3.1 General. K304.3.2 Strength of Branch Connections K304.3.3 Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections. K304.4 Closures K304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks K304.5.1 Flanges -- General K304.5.2 Blind Flanges K304.5.3 Blanks. K304.6 Reducers K304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components K304.7.1 Listed Components. K304.7.2 Unlisted Components. K304.7.3 Components With Nonmetallic Parts. K304.7.4 Bellows Type Expansion Joints. K304.8 Fatigue Analysis K304.8.1 General. K304.8.2 Amplitude of Alternating Stress K304.8.3 Pressure Stress Evaluation for Fatigue Analysis K304.8.4 Fatigue Evaluation by Test. K304.8.5 Extended Fatigue Li