Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization: Chemistry Toolkit for Furnaces and Gasifiers (Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy)

__Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization: Chemistry Toolkit for Furnaces and Gasifiers__ presents a broad range of quantitative methods for solving common problems surrounding the performance of coal utilization technologies. As a logical follow up to Niksa’s 2019 publication which covers the Impacts of Coal Quality and Operating Conditions (9780128187135), this book demonstrates the practical applications of the technologies previously discussed and analyzes fuel quality impacts across all regions. Stephen Niksa’s wealth of experience of commercial applications of coal utilization makes this book an invaluable resource into fuel applications, cost effectiveness and policy. Relating coal conversion chemistry to practical applications in design, validation, performance and troubleshooting on a commercial scale makes this book an invaluable resource for a variety of readers. Engineers, researchers and manufacturers will gain a solid understanding of technological options and a range of alternative approaches that they can use to tailor their own testing and simulation work to effectively characterize and solve problems. Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization Copyright Preface Reference Acronyms Modeling tools and applications Which coal quality impacts? Terminology and prerequisites Pulverized coal furnaces Entrained-flow coal gasifiers Chemical reaction mechanisms Summary References Statistical prediction models Definitions and guidelines Using standard coal properties to interpret CQ impacts Coals constitution and devolatilization behavior as CQ predictors Neural nets Summary References Heuristic prediction schemes NOXLOI Predictor Predicting CQ impacts on NOX emissions Predicting CQ impacts on LOI emissions Fuel grinding submodels Char burnout submodels Validating the LOI predictions Novel aspects and generalizations Comprehensive fuel quality management tools Summary References Support for CFD and process simulation applications Chemistry submodels accommodate only a handful of chemical species Support CFD from a virtual fuels laboratory Fuel-specific input for CFD Thermophysical properties and drying rates Primary devolatilization rates Volatiles conversion Finite-rate tar decomposition and soot production Oxidation of char and soot Gasification of char and soot An important omission Specifying representative operating conditions Performance Summary References Simulations with detailed chemistry Laminar flamelet models vs chemical reactor networks Historical development of chemical reactor networks ChemNet CFD postprocessing Overview Implementation protocol Delineating regions Residence time distributions Operating conditions Required variables for ChemNet postprocessing Chemical reaction mechanisms Fully validated mechanisms Surface reaction mechanism for soot chemistry Soot chemistry submechanism Implementation of soot chemistry Species conservation equations Equations for nonreactive carrier gas streams Equations for gas streams with O2 Equations for gas streams with steam, CO2, H2, and CO Summary References ChemNet furnace applications ChemNet validation with data from large-scale systems Target variables for ChemNet simulations Case studies on PC combustion PC combustion at lab-scale 1D coal flame structure at atmospheric pressure Coal flame structure at elevated pressures PC combustion at pilot-scale Reactor network for the CRF furnace Pilot-scale flame structure with coal Pilot-scale flame structures with biomass cofiring NOX predictions for pilot-scale flames with biomass cofiring Outlook for ChemNet simulations of pilot-scale coal flames PC combustion at commercial-scale The impact of heat absorption on furnace NOX levels Paths to VOC and PAH emissions The chemical structure of a 530MWT-fired furnace Bulk flow patterns and chemically distinct regions Equivalent reactor network Near-injector flame structures Commercial CFBC furnaces Splash zone, riser, and exit zone Interpreting LOI emissions from commercial CFBCs Coal quality impacts Summary of ChemNet for furnaces References ChemNet gasifier applications ChemNet validations with data from gasifiers Target variables for ChemNet simulations Case studies on entrained-flow coal gasification CH4/coal co-gasification at lab-scale Interpretations of lab-scale gasifier data Extrapolations to commercial processing Coal gasification at pilot-scale Test conditions Equivalent reactor network Interpretations of coal conversion and syngas composition Summary of ChemNet gasifier simulations at pilot-scale Coal gasification at demonstration-scale Syngas compositions Quasiglobal homogeneous reforming mechanism Summary of coal gasification at demonstration-scale Coal gasification at commercial-scale Summary of ChemNet simulations for gasifiers References Index A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization: Chemistry Toolkit for Furnaces and Gasifiers presents a broad range of quantitative methods for solving common problems surrounding the performance of coal utilization technologies. As a logical follow up to Niksa's 2019 publication which covers the Impacts of Coal Quality and Operating Conditions (9780128187135), this book demonstrates the practical applications of the technologies previously discussed and analyzes fuel quality impacts across all regions. Stephen Niksa's wealth of experience of commercial applications of coal utilization makes this book an invaluable resource into fuel applications, cost effectiveness and policy. Relating coal conversion chemistry to practical applications in design, validation, performance and troubleshooting on a commercial scale makes this book an invaluable resource for a variety of readers. Engineers, researchers and manufacturers will gain a solid understanding of technological options and a range of alternative approaches that they can use to tailor their own testing and simulation work to effectively characterize and solve problems. Presents a series of case studies which exemplify several analytical approaches to fuel performance and technology Illustrates a broad range of commercial approaches with numerous practical applications to guide the reader through testing and simulation Solves technical problems for common situations, saving readers time and enabling them to tailor their own approach Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization: Reaction Mechanisms for Coal Decomposition and Volatiles Conversion relates major advances in coal science on how to interpret performance data from lab, pilot and commercial scales. The book presents a very broad range of quantitative methods, from statistical regressions, to rudimentary models, CFD and comprehensive reaction mechanisms. Combining the latest research in the field, including an abundance of lab datasets, the book illustrates how a particular operating condition affects a specific coal-based reaction system. Managers who use these tactics will be able to tailor their testing and simulation work to effectively characterize and solve their problems. Compiles fully validated reaction mechanisms that accurately depict the coal quality impacts in all major coal utilization technologies Includes an abundance of lab datasets that clearly illustrate how operating conditions affect coal-based reaction systems