Proceedings of the Twentieth international cryogenic engineering conference : ICEC 20 : Beijing, China, 11-14 May 2004

Front cover......Page 1 Proceedings of the Twentieth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference......Page 4 Copyright page......Page 5 Contents......Page 10 Preface......Page 6 International Cryogenic Engineering Committee and Honorary Members......Page 7 Local Organizing Committees......Page 8 ICEC 20 Sponsor, ICEC 20 Co-Sponsors and ICEC 20 Exhibitors......Page 9 Mendelssohn Award Lecture: Our life with Cryogenics......Page 28 Cryogenics in Russia: Development of Basic Cryogenic Cycles......Page 38 Cryogenics in Russia......Page 46 Conceptual Design of a 2kW Cryogenic System for the Neutrino Superconducting Beam Line Magnet System in the J-PARC 50GeV Proton Accelerator......Page 54 The Neutral Beam Test Facility Cryopumping Operation: Preliminary Analysis and Design of the Cryogenic System......Page 58 Performance of a Cryogenic System for the Superconducting RF Cavity at NSRRC......Page 62 The Cryogenic System of BESIII in Preliminary Design......Page 66 Design Issues of the Distribution Valve Box of the KSTAR Helium Refrigerator......Page 70 A Retrospect on the Successful Commissioning of the Linde 18kW Refrigerators for the LHC Particle Accelerator at CERN......Page 74 Helium Refrigeration System for Wendelstein 7-X......Page 78 Cryogen Free Refrigeration to 270mK by Adiabatic Expansion of He[sup(3)] Gas......Page 82 Development of the Cryogenic Ground Support Equipment (CGSE) for the Superconducting Magnet of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02)......Page 90 Unique Method for Liquid Nitrogen Precooling of a Plate Fin Heat Exchanger in a Helium Refrigeration Cycle......Page 94 Test Results and Analysis of Cryogenic System for Cooling HTS Cables and the Next Stage Plan......Page 98 Cryogenic Facility Design in BEPCII Superconducting Upgrade......Page 102 First Cold Test of the ISAC-II Medium Beta Cryomodule......Page 106 Experimental Study of Self-pressurizing Transfer System for Cryogenic Liquid......Page 110 Design of a Cooling System for the Cold Test of the ITER TF Coils before Installation......Page 114 Study on Key-tech Problems in Development of a Cold Neutron Source in China Advanced Research Reactor......Page 118 Experiences from the Operation Tests with the ITER Model Pump......Page 122 Design of Cryogenic System for the KSTAR Device......Page 126 Air Liquid Cryogenic System for the KSTAR Device......Page 130 Cryogenic System for BEPCII Cavity IR Quadrupole and Detector Solenoid Magnets......Page 134 Status of the ISAC-II Cryogenic System......Page 138 Overview of Different Standard Helium Liquefiers/Refrigerators for Various Applications......Page 142 Standard Liquefier-Test Results with Improved Turbines......Page 146 Thermal Fluid Modeling of BEPCII IR Quadrupole Magnet Cryostat......Page 150 Recent Developments on Cryocoolers in Europe......Page 154 Experimental Study on a Split Free-Piston Stirling Cooler for Space Applications......Page 164 The Effects of the Clearance in the Cold Finger on the Performance of the Stirling Refrigerator......Page 168 Development of a Stirling Cryocooler with Linear Guidway Supports......Page 172 Novel Regenerator Design and its Experimental Characteristics......Page 176 Investigation of a Single-Stage G-M Refrigerator with High Cooling Capacity for HTS Devices......Page 180 Preliminary Study on GM Refrigerator with Heat Exchanger......Page 184 Dimensional Analysis on Multi-Component Mixed-Refrigerants Flow Characteristics in Adiabatic Capillary Tube......Page 188 An Experimental Research on a Small Flow Vortex Tube at Low Temperature Ranges......Page 192 Performance of Different Throttle Refrigeration Cycles......Page 196 A 70 K J-T Cryocooler Based on the Fractional Mixed-Refrigerant Cycle......Page 200 Development of a Cryogenic Water-Trap Based on the Recuperative Mixture Refrigeration Cycle......Page 204 Room Temperature Magnetic Refrigerator using Both Metal Gd or/and Gd-Si-Ge Alloys and a Permanent Magnetic Field Source......Page 208 Properties of Thermoelectric Device with (Bi[sub(x)]Sb[sub(1-x)])[sub(2)](Te[sub(y)]Se[sub(1-y)])[sub(3)] Materials......Page 212 Future Trend of Pulse Tube Cryocooler Research......Page 216 Performance of a Pulse Tube Cryocooler with Two Separate Stages using [sup(3)]He in the Second Stage......Page 224 Experimental Analysis of the Oscillating Flow Characteristics for High Frequency Regenerators......Page 228 Regenerative Recuperator for Tandem 4 K Pulse Tube Refrigerator......Page 232 Experimental Investigation on DC Flow Suppression and Refrigeration Characteristics of a High-Performance Single-Stage GM-Type PTC......Page 236 Use of Ceramic Part in G-M Refrigerator......Page 240 A Study on the In-Line Type Inertance Tube Pulse Tube Cryocooler......Page 244 Experiment on a Single-Stage GM Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler near 20K......Page 248 Design and Test of a 80 K Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler......Page 252 Development of the 3.5 W at 80 K High-Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler......Page 256 The Effect of Timing Ratio of Injecting to Rejecting on G-M Type PTCs Cooling Temperature......Page 260 Comparison of Oscillating Flow Characteristics of a Metallic and a Nonmetallic Regenerator at High Frequencies......Page 264 Analysis of Inertance Tube in the Pulse Tube Refrigerator......Page 268 Single Stage Double-Inlet Pulse Tube Refrigerator with Integral Thermo-Electric Cooler......Page 272 Experimental Study of Wall Temperature Distribution of Stirling Type Pulse Tube Refrigerator (SPTR)......Page 276 Studies on a Single Stage GM Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler using an Indigenous Helium Compressor......Page 280 Experimental Investigation on the Performances of Gas Flow in Oscillating Tube......Page 284 Optimal Vector Analysis of the Phase Shifter in the Pulse Tube Refrigerator......Page 288 Characteristics of 4 K Pulse Tube Cryocoolers in Applications......Page 292 Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer Performance of a Cryogenic Thermosyphon......Page 296 Reduction of Convective Heat Losses in Pulse Tube Refrigerators by Additional DC Flow......Page 300 Interference Characterization of Stirling-Type Nonmagnetic and Nonmetallic Pulse Tube Cryocoolers for High-Tc SQUIDs Operation......Page 304 Performance of Vibration-Free Pulse Tube Cryocooler System for a Gravitational Wave Detector......Page 308 Influence of He-H[sub(2)] Mixture Proportion on the Performance of Pulse Tube Refrigerator......Page 312 Three Dimensional Numerical Computation of the Flow Field in a Pulse Tube......Page 316 Comparison of the Performance of Regenerators to Counterflow Heat Exchangers......Page 320 Temperature Hysteresis in a GM-Type Orifice Pulse Tube Refrigerator......Page 324 Theoretical Prediction on the Coupling of Thermoacoustic Prime Mover and RC Load......Page 328 Lattice Gas Modeling of Thermoacoustic Oscillations......Page 332 Characteristics of a Miniature Pulse Tube Cooler Driven by Thermoacoustic Standing Wave Engine......Page 336 Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Character of Thermoacoustic Engine and Parameters of Regenerator......Page 340 Basic Operation Principle of a Novel Cascade Thermoacoustic Prime Mover......Page 344 Study on a Linear Compressor with Metal-Bellow Replacing Conventional Cylinder-Piston Unit......Page 348 Analytical Model for Onset Temperature Difference of Thermoacoustic Stirling Prime Movers......Page 352 Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of the Inertance Tube......Page 356 Numerical Simulation on a Novel Cascade Thermoacoustic Prime Mover......Page 360 New Perspective on Thermodynamic Cycles of Oscillating Flow Regenerators......Page 364 Experimental Investigation on a Room-Temperature Traveling-Wave Thermoacoustic Refrigerator......Page 368 Study on Thermoacoustic Resonance Pipe Driven by Loudspeaker using Two-Microphone Method......Page 372 Stack and Frequency's Coupling Characteristic Analysis in Thermoacoustic Systems......Page 376 Numerical Simulation of Loudspeaker-Driven Thermoacoustic Refrigerator......Page 380 Study on the Optimal Characteristic Dimension of Regenerator in a Thermoacoustic Engine......Page 384 Investigation on Acoustic Characteristics of Regenerator in the Thermoacoustic Apparatus......Page 388 Discussion on Resonant Frequency in Thermoacoustic Systems......Page 392 Figure of Merit for Regenerator Working in Acoustic Field......Page 396 Investigation of Acoustic Streaming in a Thermoacoustic-Stirling Heat Engine......Page 402 Investigation on a Thermoacoustically Driven Pulse Tube Cooler Working at 82.5 K......Page 406 Thermoacoustic Turbulent-Flow Model for Inertance Tubes used for Pulse Tube Refrigerators......Page 410 Thermoacoustically Driven Pulse Tube Refrigeration below 90 K......Page 414 New Generation of Cooled Infrared Space Telescopes......Page 418 Study on Electricity Generation Performance of Thermoelectric Device in Extreme Environmental Conditions......Page 428 Experimental Investigation on He II Porous Plug Liquid-Vapor Phase Separator......Page 432 Novel Cryogenic Motion Control for Aerospace......Page 436 Spitzer Space Telescope Thermal/Cryogenic System Flight Performance......Page 440 Thermal Validation of the Design of the CFRP Support Members to be used in the Spatial Framework of the Herschel Space Observatory......Page 446 Development and Testing of a Novel Thermal Switch......Page 450 Cryocoolers Development and Integration for Space Applications at Air Liquide......Page 454 Overview of the Air Liquide Cryogenic Ground Space Activities for Launchers and Satellites......Page 464 Thermal Analysis of Cryogenic Rocket Engine with One, Two and Three Dimensional Approaches......Page 468 Liquid Hydrogen Droplet Generation from a Vibrating Orifice......Page 472 The Working Performance of Radiant Cooler in Thermal Vacuum Test......Page 476 A Study on the Conic Support in the Radiant Cooler......Page 480 Analysis of the Influences of View Angle on Paraboloid W Style Radiant Cooler's Working Performance......Page 484 Design and Manufacturing of Cryosorption Pumps for Testbeds of ITER Relevant Neutral Beam Injectors......Page 488 Simple Method for Calculation of Cryogenic Transfer Line Cool Down......Page 492 Study of New Aerodynamic Foil Thrust Gas Bearing with Elastic Support for Cryogenic Turbo-Expander......Page 496 Design of Small Turbo Brayton Cycle Air Refrigerator Test Rig......Page 500 Analysis of Centrifugal Stresses in the Rotor of a Cryogenic Turboexpander......Page 504 Study of Temperature Distribution of Flat Steel Ribbon Wound Cryogenic High-pressure Vessel......Page 510 The Design and Study of a Reciprocating Helium Compressor......Page 514 Strain Effects on the Critical Current of Bi-2223/Ag Tape......Page 518 Thermal, Electrical Properties and Microstructure of High Purity Niobium for High Gradient Superconducting Cavities......Page 522 AC Loss Characteristics of Bi-2212 Multifilamentary Round Wires and their Cables......Page 526 Property of Joint Resistance of Bi2223 Multi-filamentary Tape by Using Sn-Pb Solder......Page 530 Quench Characteristics of High-T[sub(c)] Superconducting Tape for Alternating Over-Current using DFT......Page 534 Dip-coated Yba[sub(2)]Cu[sub(3)]O[sub(7-x)] Films on Ag Substrate by MOD Method......Page 538 Influence of Ag Substrate Surface Condition on Surface Morphology of YBCO Film......Page 544 Boiling Heat Transfer to Liquid Nitrogen Pool from Ag Sheathed PbBi2223 Tapes Carrying Over-Current......Page 548 Equivalent Circuit Model for High-T[sub(c)], Superconducting Flux Flow Transistor with a Dual-Gate Structure......Page 552 Direct Observation of Percolation and Phase Separation in Pr[sub(5/8)]Ca[sub(3/8)]MnO[sub(3)] System......Page 556 The Reentrant Behaviour of Spin-Glass Phase in (La,Pr)[sub(0.5)]Ca[sub(0.5)]MnO[sub(3)] Manganites......Page 560 Anisotropic Transport and Magnetic Properties of Pr[sub(1/2)]Sr[sub(1/2)]MnO[sub(3)] Single Crystal Sample......Page 564 Dependence of Structure and Magnetic Properties on Magnetic Field and Temperature for Bi-Mn Alloy......Page 568 Physical Properties in Layered Transition-Metal Oxide Crystals and Anisotropic Transport Measurement......Page 572 Design of a Cryogenic Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator using HTS......Page 576 A New Method of Zooming in the Cool Power of the Room Temperature Magnetic Refrigeration......Page 580 Extended Power Law of Nonlinear Transport Properties of Superconducting Materials......Page 584 AC Loss Characteristics of HTS Tapes Subject to Bending Strains......Page 588 EAST Superconducting Tokamak Device......Page 592 Challenges of Large Scale Superconducting Accelerators......Page 598 Cryogen-free Superconducting Magnet Fabricated by a React-and-Wind Method Employing Nb[sub(3)]Sn Wires with CuNbTi Reinforcement......Page 600 Design and Manufacture of a NbTi Insert Module Relevant for the ITER PF Magnets Conductor......Page 604 Multi-Tube Power Leads Tower for BEPCII IR Magnets......Page 608 The MICE Focusing Solenoids and their Cooling System......Page 612 Evaluation of the ITER Cable in Conduit Conductor Heat Transfer......Page 616 The BESIII Detector Magnet......Page 620 Stability Analysis for Cryocooled Aluminurn-Stabilized Superconducting Magnet......Page 624 Thermal Design of BESIII Magnet......Page 628 A Numerical Code to Simulate Quenching in Conduction Cooled Superconducting Magnet......Page 632 Numerical Simulation on Thermal Stress and Magnetic Forces of Current Leads in BEPCII......Page 636 Design and Manufacture of a Low-Current ADR Magnet for a Space Application......Page 640 Study of Stress, Strain in Super-Conducting Magnet by Fiber-Bragg Grating......Page 644 Design Study of Conduction-cooled High Temperature Superconducting Magnet......Page 648 Testing the Coils of the Superconducting Magnet for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer......Page 652 Characterization of the Quenching Process and the Protection of an ac High Temperature Superconductor Coil......Page 656 Technical Analyses of HTS Bulk used in a Rotating Machine......Page 660 Investigation of the Subcooled LN2 Characteristics in the Prototype Cryostat for the Resistive Superconducting Fault Current Limiter......Page 664 LN2 Forced Flow Cooling on HTS Power Cables......Page 668 Shape Optimization of Field Windings in a High Temperature Superconducting Synchronous Generator with Finite Element Method......Page 672 Development and Testing of 10.5kV/1.5kA HTS Power Cable......Page 676 Normal Transition in YBCO Thin Film and its Effect on Current Limiting Characteristics......Page 680 Study on a Hybrid Superconducting Magnetic Bearing System......Page 684 Electromagnetic Design and Analysis of a PM Motor with HTS Bulk......Page 688 Finite-Element Simulation of HTS Bulk Reluctance Motor......Page 692 A Current Compensation Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter......Page 696 Evaluation on Power System Transient Stability with Resistor Type SFCL and Parameter Design......Page 700 Effects of Bias Power Supply on Bridge Type Superconducting FCL......Page 704 20kA HTS Current Leads for EAST Tokamak Project......Page 708 Design of Cooling System and Temperature Characteristics Analysis of High Temperature Superconducting Demonstrative Synchronous Generator......Page 712 A Prototype 4m, 2kA, AC HTS Power Cable System......Page 716 Development of a Three-Phase HTS Power Transformer......Page 720 Thermal Stability and Quench Propagation in a Cryocooler-Cooled Pancake Coil of BI-2223 Tape Operating Between 35K and 65K......Page 724 A New Concept of Bridge Fault Current Limiter-SMES for Interline Application to Improve Power Quality......Page 728 Design and Primary Experiment for a Single Phase 220V/100A/6kW Bridge Fault Current Limiter-SMES......Page 732 Fabrication and Characterization of Bi-2223 Coils for Generator Applications......Page 736 Shape Optimization of HTS Magnets using Hybrid Genetic Algorithms......Page 740 An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control Strategy for the Bridge Type Superconducting Fault Current Controller......Page 744 Cryoelectronics – An Experimental Examination of the Behaviour of Power Electronic Devices at Low Temperatures......Page 748 Operational Amplifiers in the Temperature Range from 300 to 4 K......Page 752 Development and Test of a Cryopulverizer for Reprocessing Plastic Wastes......Page 756 A Cryostat with Optics Windows for Study of ICF Cryogenics Target......Page 760 Temperature Effects on Formation of a Uniform Layer of Isotopes Inside a Cryogenic ICF Target......Page 764 Optimization Analysis of Peakshaving Cycle to Liquefy the Natural Gas......Page 768 The Experimental Study on the Performance of a Small-Scale Oxygen Concentrator by PSA......Page 772 The Thermodynamic Analysis and Adjusting Methods for Reliquefaction Plant on Board LEG Carriers......Page 776 A Study of the Optimum Temperature for Hydrogen Storage on Carbon Nanostructures......Page 780 Design of Vortex Tubes and Experimental Program on LOX Separation using Cryogenic Vortex Tubes......Page 784 Heat Transfer Enhancement of He II Co-Current Two-Phase Flow in the Presence of Atomisation......Page 788 Design Consideration Validation of Cryo-Components for Current Feeder System of SST-1 using Flexibility Analysis......Page 792 Contractible Thermosyphon for Conduction Cooled Superconducting Magnets......Page 796 Experimental Characterization of the Hydraulic Behavior of Cooling for Toroidal Field Magnet of SST-1......Page 800 Performance Analysis of Counter Flow Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Considering the Effect of Longitudinal Conduction......Page 804 Investigation of Header Configuration and its Effect on Flow Maldistribution in Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger......Page 808 Experimental Investigation on High Performance Cryogenic Heat Transfer Based upon Natural Circulation Cooling......Page 812 Film Boiling Modes in Weakly Subcooled He II around Lambda Pressure......Page 816 Modeling of Multilayer Vacuum Insulation – Complexity Versus Accuracy......Page 820 Experimental Study of the Narrow Channel Heat Transfer in Liquid Nitrogen......Page 824 Observation of Various Boiling States in Nearly Saturated He II......Page 828 Heat Transfer During Natural Convective Boiling in a Vertical Uniformly Heated Closed Tube Submerged in Saturated Helium......Page 832 Several Problems in the Thermal Contact Resistance Research of Solid Interfaces at Low Temperature......Page 836 CFD Approach to Thermal Pulse Propagation and Heat Transfer in Forced Flow Field of He II......Page 840 Investigation of Thermal Insulation for HTS Cable Systems......Page 844 Experimental Investigation on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Pure Refrigerants and Binary Mixtures......Page 848 Modeling the Thermal Mechanical Behavior of a 300 K Vacuum Vessel that is Cooled by Liquid Hydrogen in Film Boiling......Page 852 Fractal Description of Thermal Contact Resistance between Rough Surfaces at Low Temperature......Page 856 Study of Two Phase Flow Distribution and its Influence in a Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger......Page 860 A Thermodynamic Optimization of Countefflow Recuperative-Type Heat Exchangers......Page 864 A New Type of Condenser-Evaporator Safely Operated in Large Air Separation Plant......Page 868 Heat Transfer in Gas Filled Pipes with Closed Warm End under Different Orientations......Page 872 Normalized Representation for Steady State Heat Transport in a Channel Containing He II Covering Pressure Range up to 1.5 Mpa......Page 876 Thermal Insulation of the Wendelstein 7-X Superconducting Magnet System......Page 880 Modeling Free Convection Flow of Liquid Hydrogen Within a Cylindrical Heat Exchanger Cooled to 14 K......Page 884 Experiment on Natural Convection of Subcooled Liquid Nitrogen......Page 888 Numerical Simulation of Flow Boiling of Cryogenic Liquids in Tubes......Page 892 A Density Equation for Saturated Helium-3......Page 896 The Characterization of Carbon Nanofibres Based on N[sub(2)] Adsorption Isotherms at 77 K......Page 900 Experimental Investigation into Storage of Confined Cryogenic Liquids without Evaporation Venting......Page 904 Thermal Stress Analysis of Cryogenic Adhesive Joints for Non-Magnetic Dewar......Page 908 Development of Cryogenic Structural Materials......Page 912 Thermal Conductivity of Materials and Measuring System at Cryogenic Temperature......Page 922 Cryogenic Properties of Polymer Composite Materials – A Review......Page 926 CRYOFLUIDS – A Software for Physical Property Data of Cryogenic Fluids......Page 930 Discussion on Gibbons' Equation of State for Helium-3......Page 938 An Internet-Based Working Fluid Properties Database......Page 942 A New Process for the Preparation of Polyimide/Silica Hybrid Films......Page 946 Design of a Fibre Reinforced Plastic Anticryostat for Magnetorelaxometric Measurements......Page 950 Measurement of Heat Load on the Current Lead Using Boil-Off Calorimetry......Page 954 Alignment of the ISAC-II Medium Beta Cryomodule with a Wire Monitoring System......Page 958 Digital Temperature Sensors in the Range of 77-300 K......Page 962 Measurement of Characteristic Feature of Cavitation Flows of He I and He II......Page 966 Application of PIV Technique to Cavitating Flows of Liquid Helium......Page 970 Measurement of the Cryogenic Tensile Properties of Polymer Composites......Page 974 High Precise Thermopower Measurement System and its Applying to Organic Conductors (TMTSF)[sub(2)]CIO[sub(4)] in a Direction......Page 978 Multichannel Temperature Monitor Compatible with PC......Page 982 Interchangeability of Diode Temperature Sensors for Various Non-Standard Excitation Currents......Page 986 The Laser Megajoule CryoTarget Thermal Regulation......Page 990 Discussion of the Protection of Pressure Vessels by using Safety Valves-Rupture Disc-Combinations......Page 994 New Temperature and Magnetic Field Sensors for Cryogenic Applications Developed Under a European Project......Page 998 Characterization Studies of Sputter Deposited Cermet Cryogenic Heaters......Page 1002 Study of Skin Burns due to Contact with Cold Mediums at Extremely Low Temperature......Page 1006 A New Method for Uniformly Cooling Engineered Tissues......Page 1010 Comparative Analysis of the Cryogens used in Cryomedical Applications......Page 1014 Measured Performance of Four New 18 kW@4.5 K Helium Refrigerators for the LHC Cryogenic System......Page 1018 Overview of the Air Liquide Cryogenic Systems Designed for CERN LHC......Page 1022 1.8 K Refrigeration Units for the LHC: Performance Assessment of Pre-Series Units......Page 1026 The Applicability of Ultrasonic Oxygen Deficiency Hazard Detectors in the LHC Accelerator Tunnel......Page 1030 Numerical Study of the Final Cooldown from 4.5 K to 1.9 K of the Large Hadron Collider......Page 1034 Flow and Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of the LHC Sector Helium Relief System......Page 1038 Cryogenic Infrastructure for Testing of LHC Series Superconducting Magnets......Page 1042 Final Testing of the ATLAS Central Solenoid before Installation......Page 1046 Control System and Operation of the Cryogenic Test Facilities for LHC Series Superconducting Magnets......Page 1050 Studies on Cooling of the TOTEM Particle Detector at the LHC......Page 1054 Cryogenics Safety Review of the ATLAS Experiment at CERN......Page 1058 Series Production of 13 kA Current Leads with Dry and Compact Warm Terminals......Page 1062 Measurement of the Thermal Properties of Prototype Lambda Plates for the LHC......Page 1066 The Cold-Compressor Systems for the LHC Cryoplants at CERN......Page 1070 Two 100 m Invar® Transfer Lines at CERN: Design Principles and Operating Experience for Helium Refrigeration......Page 1074 Experience with the String2 Cryogenic Instrumentation and Control System......Page 1078 The Management of Cryogens at CERN......Page 1082 Conceptual Design of the Cryogenic Electrical Feedboxes and the Superconducting Links of LHC......Page 1086 F......Page 1090 L......Page 1091 S......Page 1092 Z......Page 1093