Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India: CTRG 2021 Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 271)

This book comprises the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India (CTRG2021) focusing on emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of transportation of people and freight. The contents of the volume include recent advancements in the pavements and materials study like Fatigue damage, Moisture damage prediction, Quantification of Aging of Polymer, and Effect of short-term aging. It also covers rapidly evolving topics like Road network analysis, Location choice analysis for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Transit ridership, etc. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, practitioners, and policymakers alike. Preface About TRG and CTRG Reviewers Contents About the Editors Pavements and Materials Evaluation of Resilient Modulus of the Subgrade and Granular Layer—A FWD-Based Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Application Studies Using FWD 3 Study Area and Pavement Profile 4 Subgrade Soil Evaluation 4.1 Grain Size Distribution 4.2 Soil MDD and OMC 4.3 CBR and Resilient Modulus 4.4 Resilient Modulus Using FWD 5 Granular Layer Evaluation 5.1 Resilient Modulus as Per IRC Guidelines 5.2 Resilient Modulus Using FWD 6 Applicability for Modulus-Based Quality Control References Prediction of Properties of Asphalt Emulsion Residue Using Maturity Method 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Experimental Investigation 3.1 Materials 3.2 Test Procedure 4 Analysis 4.1 Complex Modulus and Phase Angle 4.2 Maturity Function 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Effect of Curing Condition on the Percentage of Mass Loss 5.2 Influence of Curing Temperature and Time on the Complex Modulus 5.3 Maturity Function 6 Conclusion References Quantification of Aging of Polymer Modified Binder Using Creep Recovery and Yield Energy Test Methods 1 Introduction 2 Objective of the Study 3 Materials 4 Experimental Methodology 4.1 Aging of PMB 4.2 MSCR Test 4.3 BYET Test 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Recovery and Non-recoverable Creep Compliance (Jnr) 5.2 BYET Elastic Recovery (BYET-ER) 6 Conclusion References Effect of Short-Term Ageing on Mechanical Characteristics of Modified Bituminous Binders 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Objective of the Study 4 Materials Used 4.1 Bitumen and Aggregate 4.2 Cashew Nut Shell Liquid 5 Test Methods 5.1 Physical Properties 5.2 Fatigue Characteristics 5.3 Repeated Load Test 5.4 Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test 6 Results and Discussions 6.1 Physical Properties 6.2 Fatigue Characteristics 6.3 Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test 7 Conclusions References Systematic Approach to Optimize Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavements Mixes Through Particle Packing Method 1 Introduction 2 Materials, Mix Proportioning, and Sample Preparation 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mix Proportioning 2.3 Sample Preparation 3 Method of Testing 3.1 Packing Density 3.2 OMC and MDD 3.3 Vebe Consistency 3.4 Compressive Strength Testing Method 4 Result and Discussions 4.1 Effect of Gradation on the Packing Density 4.2 Effect of Gradation, W/C, and A/C Ratio on Vebe Consistency 4.3 Effect of Water-Cement Ratio and Packing Density on the Compressive Strength 4.4 Effect of Aggregate-Cement Ratio (A/C) on the Compressive Strength 4.5 Statistical Analysis 5 Summary and Conclusion References Experimental Investigation on Aging Behavior of Bitumen Mastic with Hydrated Lime Using FTIR Spectroscopy 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Investigation 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mastic Aging 2.3 FTIR Characterization 3 Result and Analysis 3.1 Prominent Peaks in Bitumen and Lime 3.2 Calculation of Aging Indices 3.3 Aging Compounds in Lime Mastic 4 Oxidation Compounds 4.1 Carbonyl Index 4.2 Sulfoxide Index 5 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Whitetopping Pavement Under Wheel Loading 1 Introduction 2 Background of the Problem 3 Description of the Problem 3.1 Geometry 3.2 Material Properties 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Maximum Deflection 5 Conclusions References Rheological Characterization of Unmodified and Modified Bitumen in the Temperature Range of 40–70 °C 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Investigation 2.1 Materials 2.2 Experimental Investigation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Fatigue Damage Criteria for Bitumen Based on the Evolution of Lissajous Plot 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Investigation 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Fatigue Life Based on Dynamic Modulus 3.2 Fatigue Life Based on Pseudo Stiffness 3.3 Evolution of Distortion in the Lissajous Plot 4 Conclusion References Moisture Damage Prediction of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Artificial Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Objectives of Study 3 Theoretical Background 4 Methodology 4.1 Experimental Investigation of Material Properties 4.2 Preparation of Samples 5 ANN 6 Model Development 6.1 Data Analysis 6.2 Validation of Model Measuring Performance 6.3 ANN Model for TSR of HMA 6.4 Results and Discussion 6.5 Prediction of TSR Value 6.6 Sensitivity Analysis 7 Limitations 8 Conclusions References Automatic Recognition of Road Cracks Using Sobel Components in Digital Images 1 Introduction 2 Theory/Calculation 2.1 Type of Cracks 2.2 Sobel Edge Detection 3 Proposed System Model and Methodology 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusions References Transport Planning and Mobility Networks Ranking of Accident Blackspots Based on Economic Value Using Willingness to Pay Approach 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Analysis of the Data 3.3 Value of Accidents 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Preliminary Analysis 4.2 Analysis of Binary Logit Model 4.3 Ranking of Blackspots for Safety Improvement Works 5 Conclusions References Determinants of Users’ Perception of Fixed Route Paratransit Service Quality 1 Introduction 2 Background of Research 3 Methodology 3.1 Study Area and Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Results 4.1 Stated Priority of Paratransit Attributes 4.2 Derived Priority of Paratransit Attributes 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Road Network Analysis of Major Destinations in Guwahati City Using GIS 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Study Area 4 Methodology 5 Analysis 6 Results and Discussions 7 Conclusion References Probabilistic Approach for the Evaluation of Two-Lane Two-Way Rural Highways 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Need and Objective of the Study 4 Data Collection and Extraction 5 Speed- and Headway-Based Probabilistic Method 5.1 Headway-Based Following Probability 6 Following Vehicle Identification 6.1 Graphical Analysis 6.2 Correlation Analysis 7 Performance Measures 7.1 Graphical Analysis 7.2 Correlation Analysis 8 Summary References An Analysis of the Trip Attraction Pattern for an Urban Area in a Developing Country 1 Introduction 2 Scope and Objectives 3 Literature Review 4 Methodology 5 Study Area 6 Data Collection 7 Data Analysis and Results 7.1 Development of Trip Attraction Models 8 Conclusions References Location Choice Analysis for Transit Oriented Development (TOD): A Case Study of Kolkata 1 Introduction 1.1 Challenges in the Indian Transportation System 1.2 Integrated Transport and Land Use: A Potential Solution 2 TOD: A Review of Existing Practices 2.1 TOD in India 2.2 Challenges for Implementing the TOD and Strategies to Overcome 3 Transit Oriented Development (TOD): a SWOT Analysis 4 Selection of TOD Location for Kolkata 4.1 Findings and Results 5 Esplanade Metro Station Area Features 6 Convention Center / Sub Central Business District (CBD) 2/Titumir Station Area Features (Under Construction) 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 8 Statements and Declarations References Assessment of Ecosystem for Sustainable PPP in City Bus System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Indian Experience of PPPs 4 International Experience and Essential Parameters of PPP 4.1 Policy and Regulatory Framework 4.2 Fare Policy and Regulation 4.3 Sustainable Funding Framework 4.4 Contractual Framework 4.5 Infrastructure Framework 4.6 Public Institutional Framework and Integration 4.7 Leadership 5 Finalization of Parameters of Enabling Ecosystem 6 Deriving Parameters Weights 7 Derived Parameters Weights for Stakeholders’ Categories 7.1 Policy Makers 7.2 States/Cities/STU/SPVs 7.3 Academic Institutions, Consultancies and Other Individual Experts 7.4 Private Operators and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) 8 Discussion 9 Way Forward References Importance of Travellers’ Preferences in Planning Congestion Pricing Levels and Benefits: Case Study of Urban Corridor in Kolkata 1 Introduction 2 Literature Reviews 2.1 A review of congestion pricing in cities 2.2 Traffic Congestion Indices 2.3 Corridor Pricing 2.4 Summary of Literature 3 Data Collection 3.1 Site Selection/Road Selection 3.2 Extraction of Flow 3.3 Data Collection of Travel Time 3.4 Data Collection of User Preferences 4 Observations from Collected Data 4.1 Temporal Variation of Flow Level 4.2 Flow versus Travel Time 4.3 Questionnaire Survey Outcomes 5 Modelling the Pricing Levels and Duration 5.1 Development of Choice Model Based on User Survey 5.2 Calculation of Pricing Duration and New Reduced Flow 5.3 Calculation of Toll Price and Duration 6 Optimising the Benefit of Congestion Pricing 7 Conclusion and Future Scope References Evaluation of Bus Signal Priority and Dedicated Bus Lane for Efficiency Improvement 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Study Framework 4 The Study Corridor 5 DBL Strategy 6 Bus Signal Priority 7 Evaluation and Results 8 Summary and Conclusions References A Full–Day Intercity Bus Frequency Setting Model Considering Dedicated Fleet Size and User Perception Using Genetic Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Study Area and Data Collection 4 Model Formulation 4.1 Frequency Setting Model 4.2 Scheduling and Timetable Development Model 4.3 Operator Cost Estimation 4.4 Social Cost Estimation 4.5 Optimizing Frequency and Minimizing Social Cost 4.6 Model Development 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Potential of Electronic Ticketing Machine Data in Public Transport Planning 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Automatic Data Collection Methods 2.2 Electronic Ticketing Machine Data 2.3 Load Profile 2.4 PTV Visum 3 Study Area 4 Methodology 5 Data Collection and Processing 5.1 Data Collection Works 5.2 Data Processing 6 Origin Destination Matrix 6.1 Developing Algorithm and Python Code 6.2 OD Matrix Output 7 Analysis Using PTV Visum 7.1 Desire Line Diagram 7.2 Flow Bundle Analysis 8 Conclusions and Future Works References Departure Time Planner for Multimodal Public Transport Network Using Dynamic Programming 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Problem Definition 4 Methodology 4.1 Algorithm 4.2 Sample Case Study 5 Implementation on Actual Network and Results 6 Summary and Conclusion References Transit Ridership—Influencing Factors and Usage for Environmental Impact Assessment: A Case of Bengaluru Metro 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Temporal Variations, Spatial Distribution, and Panel Data Analysis 3.1 Temporal Variations 3.2 Spatial Distribution 3.3 Panel Data Analysis 4 Savings in Emissions 4.1 Methodology 4.2 Emissions 5 Conclusions References