Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023: Vol. 10 (Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering)

This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 13th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2023). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil and gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as students. Contents Artificial Intelligence and Big Data Application in Oil and Gas Fields Application of Remote Sensing Intelligent Monitoring Technology for Oil and Gas Well Exit and Ecological Restoration 1 Introduction 2 Remote Sensing Data and Evaluation Indicators 2.1 Introduction to Remote Sensing Data 2.2 Construction of Evaluation Indicators 3 Technical Process 3.1 Data Pre-processing 3.2 Establishment of Interpretation Marks 3.3 Change Detection 4 Method Experiment 4.1 Dabusu Experimental Region 4.2 Liaohekou Experimental Region 5 Conclusion References Research on Prediction of the Effects of Oil-Increasing Measures Driven by Data 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Feature Engineering 2.2 Regression Prediction Algorithm 2.3 Optimization Algorithm 3 Experiment and Result 3.1 Introduction to the Dataset 3.2 Experimental Setting 3.3 Result 4 Conclusion References Research on Stability Evaluation and Adjustment Method of Concentrated Casing Damage Area Based on Gradient Lifting Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Mechanism of Concentrated Casing Damage 3 Evaluation Method for Stability of Casing Damage Zone 3.1 Stability Evaluation Index System 3.2 Threshold of Stability Evaluation Index 3.3 A Set of Stability Evaluation Methods 4 Adjustment Measures for Stability 5 Method Application 6 Conclusion References A Knowledge Base of Shale Gas Play and Its Application on EUR Prediction by Integrating Knowledge Graph and Automated Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Shale Gas Knowledge Base Construction 2.1 Ontology Construction of Shale Gas Knowledge Base 2.2 Entity Extraction from Shale Gas Knowledge Base 2.3 Knowledge Fusion of Shale Gas Database 3 Application of the Shale Gas Knowledge Base 3.1 EUR Predictions of Shale Gas Well 4 Results References Optimization of Data Insight Tool Based on Engineering Technology Data Governance Project in Ultra-deep Oil & Gas Fields 1 Introduction 2 Features of Data Document in Ultra-deep Oil & Gas Fields 3 Integral Development of the Data Insight Tool 3.1 Hardware Composition and Network Architecture of the Data Insight Tool 3.2 Procedure of Information Extraction 4 Data Insight Analysis and Strategies 5 Application Examples 6 Conclusion References Intelligent Evaluation Method of Cement Bond Quality Based on Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Preparation of Cement Bond Quality Evaluation Sample Set 2.1 VDL Logging Interpretation Image 2.2 Sample Set Preparation 3 Architecture Design of Convolutional Neural Network for Cementing Quality Evaluation 4 Neural Network Training and Performance Analysis 4.1 Training Parameter Setting 4.2 Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion References Intelligent Prediction Technology for Production of Tight Oil Based on Data Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Declining Law of Tight Oil Production 2.1 Type 1: Rapid Increase in Initial Production and Short Stable Production Period 2.2 Type 2: High Initial Production and Rapid Decline in Later Stages 2.3 Type 3: The Fluctuation of Production is Large and Showing Multiple “Peaks” 2.4 Type 4: No Significant Fluctuations in Production and Maintaining Stable Production 3 Introduction of XGBoost Algorithm 4 Workflow 4.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 4.2 Data Correlation Analysis 4.3 Selecting Main Controlling Factors for Tight Oil Production 4.4 Constructing a Typical Well Production Sample Library 4.5 Establishing a Multi Parameter Prediction Model for Well Production 4.6 Using Optimal Intelligent Models for Indicator Prediction 5 Calculation Results and Analysis 5.1 Overview of FY Oilfield Work Area 5.2 Establishing a Multi Parameter Intelligent Prediction Model for Single Well Indicators 5.3 Model Prediction Results and Analysis Discussion 6 Conclusion References Development Index Prediction Through Big Data Analysis for QX Ultra-Deep Permian Marine Carbonate Gas Reservoir in Sichuan Basin, China 1 Introduction 2 Data Acquisition and Processing 3 BP Neural Network Algorithms 4 Bagging 5 DI Prediction Proxy Model Development Through Big Data Analysis 5.1 Correlation Coefficient Calculation 5.2 Proxy Model Development 5.3 DI Prediction for QX Reservoir 6 Conclusions Appendix References Calibration Technology and Application of Mud Logging Sensors Based on Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction 2 Performance Testing, Data Acquisition and Preprocessing of Sensor 2.1 Performance Testing of the Sensors 2.2 Data Collection and Preprocessing 3 Model Establishment Based on Bayesian Optimization 4 Model Training and Experimental Verification 4.1 Model Training 4.2 Experimental Verification and Data Visualization 5 Conclusion References Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Production for Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Reservoir 1 Introduction 2 Analysis Method of Production Influencing Factors 2.1 Grey Relation Analysis 2.2 Principal Component Analysis 3 Applications 3.1 Initial Capacity Gray Relation Analysis 3.2 Analysis of Production Influencing Factors at Different Production Stages 4 Conclusion References Research and Practice of Digital Three-Phase Flowmeter for Complex Oil and Gas Occasion 1 Introduction 2 Online Three-Phase Flowmeter Development Process and Problems 2.1 The Test Platform and Development Process of the First Generation Equipment 2.2 Technology Principle 3 Performance Enhancement and Product Upgrade 4 Field Applications 5 Conclusions References Research on Intelligence Logging Interpretation Technology and System Based on Standard Big Data Platform 1 Introduction 2 Data Governance Based on Logging Big Data Platform 3 Present Situation and Applicability of Intelligent Logging Interpretation 4 Artificial Intelligence Based Interpretation of Logging Data 4.1 Lithology Identification 4.2 Automatic Layering and Identification of Reservoirs 4.3 Sedimentary Microfacies Identification 5 Intelligent Logging Interpretation Method Process and Data Architecture 6 Summary and Prospect References Hybrid Model Based on Attention Mechanism for Production Prediction of Sucker Rod Well 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Production Measurement Based on Dynamometer Cards 2.2 Residual Neural Networks 2.3 Attention Mechanism 3 Hybrid Model for Production Prediction 3.1 Hybrid Model 3.2 Physics-Driven Model 3.3 Data-Driven Model 4 Case Study and Results 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Evaluation Metrics 4.3 Performance Verification Based on Ablation Study 4.4 Performance Verification Based on Different Working Conditions 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Study of Spatial Feature Extraction Methods for Surrogate Models of Numerical Reservoir Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Surrogate Model Based on CNN and RNN 2.2 Proposed Transformation Module for the Spatial and Temporal Features 3 Case Study 3.1 Reservoir Model 3.2 Parameter Setting 3.3 Results 4 Conclusions and Discussion References Optimized Drilling Status Recognition for Oil Drilling Using Artificial Intelligence: Empirical Research and Methodology 1 Introduction 2 Drilling Status Dataset 2.1 Collection of Drilling Status 2.2 Analysis of Drilling Status Dataset 3 Drilling Status Recognition Tasks and Experiments 3.1 Overview of Machine Learning Algorithm Development 3.2 Drilling Status Recognition Algorithm 3.3 Experiment Analysis 4 Future Direction 5 Conclusion References Analysis and Recommendation of Frequent Patterns of Long-Life Pumping Wells Based on Data Mining 1 Introduction 2 Preparation of the Sample Set for Beam Pump Well Exemption Period 2.1 Construction of Relevant Indicators System for Well Design 2.2 Data Integration and Standardization 2.3 Correlation Analysis 3 Measures Recommendation Design for Long-Life Wells Based on Association Rules 3.1 Association Rule Mining Algorithm 3.2 Preparation of Long-Life Well Measures Knowledge Base 4 Measures Recommendation for Extending the Free Repair Period 5 Conclusion References Intelligent Diagnosis System for Oil Well Underground Conditions Based on Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Production Data Analysis 2.1 Dynamometer Card Analysis 2.2 Electrical Parameter Analysis 2.3 Data Preprocessing 3 Algorithm Research and Model Design 3.1 Algorithm Research 3.2 Model Design 3.3 Accuracy Analysis 4 Experiments and Results Analysis 4.1 Practical Applications 5 Conclusions References Intelligent Kick Detection Method Using Cascaded GRU Network with Adaptive Monitoring Parameters 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 GRU 2.2 Cascaded Network 3 Data 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Rates Optimization of CO2 Huff and Puff in Multi-stage Fracturing Horizontal Wells Based on Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Optimal Problem Description 3 Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm 4 CO2 Huff-n-Puff Rates Optimization Based on the PPO 4.1 Optimization Objective 4.2 Optimization Decision 4.3 Constraint Condition 4.4 Optimization Method Process 5 Algorithm Implication and Simulation Results 5.1 Demonstrate Optimization Method Effectiveness and Stability 5.2 Analyze Rates Optimization Case Oil Increasing Mechanism 6 Conclusions References Application of Artificial Intelligence Fracture Detection in Hechuan Area 1 Introduction 2 Geological Overview 3 Technical Principle and Process 3.1 Seismic Data Preprocessing 3.2 Deep Learning Fault Detection Technology Based on U-Net Convolutional Neural Network 3.3 Messy Fracture Detection Based on Amplitude Gradient Vector Coherence 4 Application 4.1 Preprocessing of Seismic Data 4.2 Main Fault Identification 4.3 Messy Attribute Detection of Associated Fractures 5 Application References Hybrid Q&A Method for Knowledge Graph and Documents of Global Petroliferous Basins 1 Introduction 2 Method Framework 3 Document Q&A Method with Knowledge Graph Embedding 3.1 Knowledge Graph Information Embedding 3.2 Deep Semantic Matching Model 4 Comprehensive Sorting Method of Answers from Knowledge Graph and Document Q&A 4.1 Q&A Method Based on Knowledge Graph 4.2 Answer Resorting 5 Experiments and Analysis 5.1 Datasets and Environment Parameters 5.2 Benchmarks and Evaluation Indicators 5.3 Experimental Results and Analysis 6 Conclusions References Deep Learning Study on Seismic Data Interpretation Method 1 Introduction 2 Improved HR-Net Model 2.1 Commonly Used Network Model Structure and Characteristics 2.2 HR-Net Model 2.3 The Improved HR-Net (Combining ASPP and OCR) 3 Model Training and Results 3.1 Seismic Image Dataset 3.2 Evaluating Indicator 3.3 Model Training 3.4 Experimental Design 4 Conclusion References Research on the Method of Inverting Indicator Diagram with Electrical Parameters of Pumping Unit Based on Neural Network 1 Preface 2 The Principle of Research Methods 2.1 BP Neural Network 2.2 The Indicator Diagram Model Algorithm Inverted by Electrical Parameter Based on BP Neural Network 2.3 Evaluation Index 3 Example Analysis 3.1 Data Acquisition and Preprocessing 3.2 BP Neural Network Model Establishment and Algorithm Implementation 3.3 Analysis of Indicator Diagram Results of Electrical Parameter Inversion 4 Conclusion References Deep Learning Inversion of Electromagnetic Detection Data for Macroscopic Fractures in Croswell 1 Introduction 2 Research on Forward Theory 3 Model Studies 3.1 Forward Model Setup 3.2 Synthesis of Simulation Data 3.3 Network Structure 3.4 Inversion Evaluation 4 Conclusion References Comprehensive Management and Application for Big Data of Pre-stack Seismic Data 1 Introduction 2 Analysis 3 Method 4 Example 5 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of Cloud-Based Transformation for Traditional Logging Applications 1 Introduction 2 Design Principles and Architecture 2.1 Design Objectives 2.2 Overall Architecture 3 Key Technology Implementation 3.1 Logging Software Cloudification Strategy 3.2 Logging Plot Cloudification Technology 3.3 Cloudification Technology for Logging Data Processing Modules 4 Application Effect 4.1 Application of Logging Cloud Visualization Components 4.2 Application of Logging Data Processing Technology 5 Conclusion References Research on Fault Diagnosis System of Key Drilling Equipment Based on Internet of Things 1 Introduction 2 The Choice of Monitoring Mode 3 Common Fault Analysis and Measuring Point Layout of Drilling Pump and Winch 3.1 Fault Analysis of Drilling Pump and Winch 3.2 Layout of Vibration Monitoring Points for Drilling Pump and Winch 4 Design of On-Line Monitoring and Diagnosis System for Key Equipment of Drilling Rig 4.1 Hardware Design and Implementation 4.2 Software Design and Implementation 5 Field Test 6 Conclusion References Oriented Oilfield Structured Data Quality Assessment Model 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Structured Data Quality in Oilfields 2.2 Comprehensive Evaluation Method for Structured Data Quality in Oil Fields 3 Method Evaluation 3.1 Engineering Project Background 3.2 Results of Data Quality Assessment 3.3 Engineering Project Analysis 4 Conclusion References Research on Automatic Classification of Premium Threaded Connections Make-Up Torque Curve Based on CNNs with Data Augmentation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Proposed Model 2.1 Materials 2.2 Proposed Model 3 Experiments and Analysis 3.1 Implementation Details 3.2 Experimental Results and Comparison 3.3 Conclusion References Construct a Drilling Complexity Intelligent Prediction Model Based on the Case-Based Reasoning 1 Introduction 2 The Development of Intelligent Diagnosis and Prediction Technology 3 Case-Based Reasoning 4 Constructing a Drilling Complex Intelligent Prediction Model 4.1 Process of Model Construction 4.2 Model Construction 4.3 Model Evaluation 5 Conclusion and Suggestion References Soft Actor-Critic Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Production Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Development of Mathematical Model for the Production Optimization 2.2 Deep Reinforcement Learning 2.3 Deep Learning 3 Off-Line Model Design for Production Optimization 3.1 Environment Model 3.2 Agent Model 3.3 State Transition Model 3.4 Network Structure and Algorithm Flow 4 Case Study and Results 4.1 Case 1: Three-Channel Reservoir Model 4.2 Case 2: Gaussian Reservoir Model 5 Discussion and Conclusion References Research on Data Governance System of Oil and Gas Field Exploration and Development 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Key Technologies of Exploration and Development Data Governance 3 Data Governance Framework of Exploration and Development 4 Data Governance Content of Exploration and Development 4.1 Upstream Data Inventory 4.2 Data Standards and Integration 4.3 Data Quality Management 4.4 Data Resource Directory 4.5 Data Services 5 Conclusion References Carbonate Fracture-Cavity Reservoirs Prediction Technology Based Deep Learning Model 1 Introduction 2 Research Area Overview 3 Research on Artificial Intelligence Methods 4 Research on Prediction of Carbonate Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs Based on Artificial Intelligence 4.1 Sample Selection 4.2 Data Processing 4.3 Establishment and Training of Recognition Models 4.4 Prediction Effect 5 Conclusion References Construction of Fracturing Knowledge Graph and Fracturing Plan Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Construction of Knowledge Graph in Fracturing Field 2.1 Construction of Fracturing Domain Ontology 2.2 Construction of Knowledge Graph 3 Graph Embedding Algorithm 3.1 TransE Algorithm 3.2 DeepWalk Algorithm 3.3 Node2vec Algorithm 4 Optimization Model for Fracturing Scheme 4.1 Extraction of Multidimensional Feature Parameters of Curves 4.2 Knowledge Feature Parameter Extraction 4.3 Analysis of Main Control Factors 4.4 Prediction of Fracturing Effect 5 Application Cases and Effects 5.1 Analysis of Main Control Factors 5.2 Prediction Effect of Validation Set 5.3 Optimization and Verification of Fracturing Design Plan 6 Conclusion References Five Reservoir Fields 4D Visualization and Dynamic Analysis Based on WebGL and GPU Acceleration 1 Introduction 2 Online 3D and 4D Visualization of Reservoir Model Based on WebGL Technology 3 Model Volume Compression Storage Based on Data Structure and Algorithm Optimization 4 Based on GPU Acceleration Technology, the Efficiency of Data Calculation and Display is Greatly Improved 5 Scenario Customization Based on Model Analysis Data Body 6 Multi-dimensional Visualization and Dynamic Analysis of Reservoir Model 7 Conclusion References Research on Determination Method of Oil Viscosity Based on Component Data and Machine Learning Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Decision Trees 2.2 Random Forest 2.3 Extremely Randomized Trees 2.4 Support Vector Regression 2.5 Gradient Boosting Regression 2.6 Extreme Gradient Boosting 3 Model Construction Based on Component Data 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Practice and Exploration of Data Governance for Drilling Completion 1 Introduction 2 Overall Architecture 3 Specific Implementation Content 3.1 Data Quality Control 3.2 Data Standardization 3.3 Data Modeling Analysis 3.4 Data Mining 4 Exploration of Intelligent Data Governance 5 Conclusion References Ontology Construction Technology of Knowledge Graph in Oil and Gas Exploration and Development 1 Introduction 2 Workflow 3 Construction Ideas for the Ontology of Exploration and Development Knowledge Graph 3.1 Foundation for Constructing Ontology of Exploration and Development Knowledge Graph 3.2 Principles for Constructing Ontology of Exploration and Development Knowledge Graph 3.3 Construction Process of Knowledge Graph Ontology for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development 4 Exploration and Development Knowledge Graph Ontology Model 4.1 Construction of Exploration and Development Knowledge Graph Ontology 4.2 Exploration and Development Knowledge Graph Ontology Model 5 Conclusion References A Method for Automatic Identification of Natural Fracture Based on Machine Learning: A Case Study on the Dahebian Block of the Liupanshui Basin in Guizhou Province 1 Introduction 2 Geological Setting 3 Methodology 3.1 Adaboost Algorithm 3.2 Wavelet Transform 3.3 Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) Algorithm 3.4 Tree Structured Parzen Estimator 3.5 Model Training and Performance Evaluation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Fracture Feature Extraction by Wavelet Transform 4.2 Hyper-parameter Optimization 4.3 Performance Evaluation Result 4.4 Natural Fracture Identification 5 Conclusions References Development and Application of Wireless Strain Test System in the Bearing Capacity Test of Oil Derrick 1 Introduction 2 Technical Principle 3 System Composition 4 Main Technical Index 5 Test 5.1 Laboratory Test 5.2 Field Test 6 Conclusion References A Method for Prediction of In-situ Stress Based on Empirical Formula and BP Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Sample and Experiment 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Design and Implementation of A2 System Regional Center Data Synchronization Scheme 1 Introduction 2 Research on the Mechanism of A2 Data Synchronization and Unlocking 3 Data Synchronization Scheme Design 3.1 Overall Scheme Design 3.2 Release Status Judgment of Oil/Gas Production Plant 3.3 Unlock Status Judgment 4 Construction of Whole-Process Synchronization System 4.1 Data Table Structure Analysis 4.2 Effective Field Analysis 4.3 Synchronous Log Construction 4.4 Synchronization Logic Construction 5 Application Effect 5.1 Improve the Data Unlocking Recognition Rate 5.2 Improve the Accuracy of Data Unlocking 6 Conclusion References An Attention-Based Temporal and Spatial Convolution Recursive Neural Network for Surrogate Modeling of the Production Curve Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Surrogate Model Dataset 2.2 Network Architecture 2.3 Model Training and Performance Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Production Optimization of Chemical Flooding Based on Reservoir Engineering Method 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Reservoir Engineering Method 2.2 Optimization Mathematical Model 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Research on Oilfield Surface Environment Assessment Method Based on High-Precision Global Land Cover Data Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Brief Introduction to Global Surface Cover Data 3 General Idea 4 Specific Technical Solution 4.1 Data Information Acquisition 4.2 *.tif File Loading and Mapping 4.3 Classification, Gradation, and Vectorization of Difficult Operation Areas 4.4 Preparation of Ground Environment Comprehensive Assessment Map 5 Conclusion References Well Clustering and Reservoir Segmentation Based on Machine Learning Analysis to the Extracted Features from Multiple Well Logs 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Workflow 2.1 Time Series Transformation from Multiple Well Logs 2.2 Time Series Classification with Dictionary Based Classifiers 2.3 Clustering Ensemble and Reservoir Segmentation 3 Case Study 4 Conclusion References Study on the Digitization Scheme of Gas Storage in Jidong Oilfield 1 Present Situation of Intelligent Gas Storage Construction at Home and Abroad 1.1 Global Gas Storage Construction Status 1.2 Construction Status of Foreign Intelligent Gas Storage 1.3 Domestic Intelligent Gas Storage Construction Status 2 Implications of Digital China Construction Practice for Gas Storage Digital Transformation 3 Analysis of Intelligent Gas Storage Construction Strategy 3.1 Analysis of Gas Storage Business Management Activities 3.2 Analysis of the Key Points of Intelligent Gas Storage Construction Management in Jidong 4 Intelligent Gas Storage Construction Plan 4.1 Overall Architecture 4.2 Data Ecosystem Construction Plan 4.3 Intelligent Application Ecosystem Construction Plan 5 Application Scenarios 6 Research Conclusion and Outlook References Construction and Application of Reservoir Dynamic Monitoring Data Management System Based on Cloud Primitive Architecture 1 Introduction 2 Cloud Native Technology 2.1 Container Technology 2.2 Microservice 2.3 Devops 3 Construction and Application of Reservoir Dynamic Monitoring Database System 3.1 System Design 3.2 System Construction 3.3 System Application 4 Conclusion References Author Index