Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2020 (Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering)

Contents A Novel Productivity Calculation Method for Gas Reservoirs of Qixia Formation, Shuangyushi Block, Northwestern Sichuan Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Three Factors Affecting Well Productivity Equation 3 Verification of Productivity Equation 4 Factors Affecting Productivity 4.1 Stress Sensibility 4.2 Reservoir Heterogeneity 4.3 High-Speed Non-Darcy Effects 4.4 Formation Pressure 5 Conclusions References Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Feixianguan Formation in Luojiazhai Gas Field, Northeastern Sichuan Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Regional Geological Condition 3 Reservoir Petrological Characteristics 4 Reservoir Characteristics 4.1 Type of Reservoir Space 4.2 Characteristic of Pore Thorats 4.3 Physical Properties 4.4 Relationship Between Porosity and Permeability 5 Controlling Factors of Difference of Reservoir Characteristics 5.1 Control of Sedimentation on Reservoir 5.2 Control of Diagenesis on Reservoir 6 Conclusions References Physicochemical Properties and Injection Timing of JCP-1 Nano Polymer Microspheres Abstract 1 Experiment 1.1 Experimental Drugs, Reagents and Apparatus 1.2 Preparation of JCP-1 Polymer Microsphere Emulsion 1.3 Experimental Method 2 Experimental Results and Discussion 2.1 The Apparent Viscosity of JCP-1 Polymer Microsphere Emulsion 2.2 Optical Microscopic Characteristics of JCP-1 microspheres 2.3 Variation of Particle Size of JCP-1 Microspheres 2.4 Optimization of Injection Timing of JCP-1 Polymer Microspheres 3 Conclusion Acknowledgement References Synthesis and Analysis of Hydrophobic Tail Polymers (SPC16 and SPC18) with Addition of β-CD by Host-Guest Inclusions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Method 2.1 Material 2.2 Synthesize of SPC18 Polymer 2.3 Synthesis of Polymer SPC16 2.3.1 Synthesis of Monomer Cetyl Dimethyl Allyl Ammonium Chloride 2.3.2 Synthesis of Polymer SPC16 2.4 Samples Preparation 2.5 Apparent Viscosity Measurement 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Addition of β-CD with Polymers SPC16 and SPC18 3.1.1 Effect of Hydrophobic Association Strength on the Apparent Viscosity of the Two Copolymer Solution 4 Conclusion References Applications of Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Assess Thermal Maturity and Families of Termit Basin Oils, Niger Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 The Compositions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 3.1 Triaromatic Dinosteroids and Methyl-Triaromatic Steroids 3.2 Triaromatic Steroids (TAS) 4 Results 4.1 Oil Family Classification 4.2 Maturity Assessment 5 Conclusions References Simulation Study of Well Deliverability Reduction Due to Sulphur Deposition in Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Impact of Sulphur Deposition 3 Sour Gas Development Project 4 Sulphur Solubility Curves 5 Near-wellbore Blockage Mechanism 6 Sulphur Deposition in Wellbore 7 Sulphur Saturation in Reservoir Formation 8 Reservoir Simulation for Sulphur Deposition 9 Best Practices and Challenges Acknowledgment Appendix References Effective Application of Using a Combination of Wireline Techniques for Well Killing and Tubing Fishing Operations Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 3 Well Killing 4 Tubing Fishing 4.1 Tubing Milling 5 Lessons Learned 6 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Improving Gas Reservoir Understanding by Using Deconvolution Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Pressure Transient Testing and Goals 3 Historical Test Results and Key Challenges 4 Why We Need Deconvolution? 5 Benefits and Limitation of Deconvolution 6 Application Case Study on Well A 7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Sedimentary Cyclicity Interpretation in Triassic Carbonate Fields in Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China Abstract 1 Geological Setting 2 Subsurface Interpretation of Cyclicity 2.1 Depositional Cyclicity from Core and Well Log Data 2.2 Cyclicity from Seismic Data 3 Outcrop Interpretation of Cyclicity 4 Observation of Cyclicity from Analogs 5 Application 5.1 Reservoir Modeling 5.2 Reservoir Management 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Sour Gas Field Development with Integrated 3d Reservoir Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Models 2.1 Uncertainty Analysis and Experiment Design in Reservoir Simulation 2.2 Workflow for Uncertainty Analysis in Reservoir Simulation 2.3 Optimizing Development Plan Using Reservoir Simulation - Experimental Design 2.4 Improving Prediction Accuracy of Well Performance with Uncertainty of Sulfur Precipitation 3 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Using Machine Learning Techniques for Enhancing Production Forecast in North Malay Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Application and Results 4 Conclusion References A Potential Economic and Efficient Technology Study for Sustained Casing Pressure Mitigation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Perf and Wash Application to Mitigate SCP of Sour Gas Wells 2.1 Dyno-Slot Perforation 2.2 Abrasive Sand Jetting 2.3 Section Milling 2.4 Perforation and Washing 3 Lessons Learned 4 Challenges 5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Study on Waterproof Lock Low Concentration High-Density Fracturing Fluid System and Its Field Application Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Waterproof Lock Low Concentration High-Density Fracturing Fluid 2.1 Optimization of Thickening Agent 2.2 Development of Waterproof Lock Agent 2.3 Selection of Weighting Agent 2.4 Optimization of Fracturing Fluid System 3 Field Application 4 Conclusion References Synergistic Diverting Acid System and Its Application in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Clean Self-diverting Acid System 3 Synergistic Diverting Acid System 3.1 Clean Self-diverting Foam Acid 3.2 Clean Self-diverting Emulsified Acid 4 Treatment Analysis and Evaluation 5 Conclusions References The Influence of Faults on the Distribution of Gas and Water in Sulige Gas Field-Take Zhaohuangmiao Area as an Example Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Tectonic Development Characteristics 2.1 Characteristics and Genesis of Faults 2.2 Structural Characteristics 3 Discussion on the Distribution Law of Gas and Water 3.1 Distribution Law of Gas and Water in Zhaohuangmiao Area 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References High Temperature Resistance and Low-Cost Fracturing Fluid System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Chemicals and Equipment 2.1 Experimental Chemicals 2.2 Experimental Equipment 3 Sample Preparation Method 3.1 Preparation of Fracturing Fluid Base Fluid 3.2 Fracturing Fluid Gel Preparation 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Optimal Dosage of Calcium Chloride 4.2 Polymer Thickening Properties 4.3 Cross-Linking Property 4.4 Temperature Resistance and Shear Resistance Properties 4.5 Gel-Breaking Property 5 Conclusion References Study on Efficient Reconstruction Technology of Deep Volcanic Rock Reservoirs in the South Dinan Uplift Abstract 1 Foreword 2 Difficulties in Reservoir Reconstruction 3 Reservoir Modification Technology Research 3.1 Fracturing Technology of Controlling Fracture Height with Variable Displacement 3.2 Multistage Slug Filtration Reduction Technology for Pre-fluids 3.3 Sand Fracturing Technology for Deep Well Gas Reservoir Safety 3.4 Bridge Plug Perforation Joint Casing Layered Fracturing Technology 4 Study on Waterproof Lock Fracturing Fluid System 4.1 Optimum Selection of Water Lock Inhibitors 4.2 Fracturing Fluid Performance Evaluation 5 Field Application Example 5.1 Technology of Variable Displacement Control of Seam Height + Slug Reduction of Filtration 5.2 Optimized Fracturing Technology of Bridge Plug Perforation Combined with Casing Layering and Safe Sand Adding in Deep Gas Reservoir 6 Conclusion and Cognition References Development of Guar-Based Crosslinked Fracturing Fluid in Flow-Back Water Abstract 1 Experimental 1.1 Materials and Instruments 1.2 Experimental Methods 2 Formulation of Fracturing Fluids from Flow-Back Water 2.1 Composition of Fracturing Flow-Back Water 2.2 Development of Crosslinker 2.3 Biocide Selection 2.4 Formulation of Guar Fracturing Fluid by Flow-Back Water 3 Property of Fracturing Fluid Made from Flow-Back Water 3.1 Viscosity of Base Fluid 3.2 Crosslink Time 3.3 Temperature and Shear Stability 3.4 The Property of Breaking the Gel 3.5 Anti-clay Swelling Property 3.6 Fluid Loss Property 3.7 Formation Damage 4 Field Test 5 Conclusions References Geological Characteristics and Production Performance of a Sandstone-Fractured Basement Composite Reservoir Abstract 1 Definition and Origin 1.1 Definition of Sandstone-Fractured Basement Composite Reservoir 1.2 Sedimentary Origin 1.3 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mode 2 SR Oilfield Overview 3 Geological Characteristics 3.1 Sand Distribution 3.2 Structural Characteristic 3.3 Oil-Water Contact 3.4 Barrier Distribution 3.5 Basement Fracture Characteristic 4 Production Performance 4.1 Formation Pressure 4.2 Oil Well Response to Water Injection 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Relationship Between Detection Depth and Transmitting Frequency of Transient Electromagnetic Logging Instrument Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Bipolar Rectangular Transmitting Waveform 3 Relationship Between Transmitting Frequency and Detection Depth 3.1 Distribution Characteristics of Magnetic Force Lines in Homogeneous Media 3.2 Distribution Characteristics of Magnetic Force Line in Production Well Model 3.3 Electromagnetic Detection Technique for Multi-tube Well 4 Experimental Tests 4.1 Establishment of Experimental Environment 4.2 Corresponding Relation Between Transmitting Waveform and Receiving Waveform 4.3 Variation Characteristics of Receiving Signals with Different Transmitting Pulse Widths 5 Determination of the Transmitting Frequency of Logging Instrument 6 Conclusions References Application of a Step-by-Step Fracturing Technology in Ultra-High Pressure Risk Exploration Wells Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Difficulty Analysis of Reservoir Stimulation 2.1 High Formation Pressure 3 Complex Casing Program 4 Design Ideas 4.1 Design Idea of Acid Fracturing 4.2 Sand Fracturing Design Idea 5 Fluid Optimization 5.1 Core Damage Experiment 5.2 Acidizing Fluid System Optimization 5.3 Optimization of Fracturing Fluid 6 Design Optimization 6.1 Acidizing Fluid Consumption Optimization 6.2 Fracture Parameter Optimization 6.3 Stimulation Scale Optimization Results 7 Fracture Acidizing Effect Evaluation and Post-Fracturing Analysis 7.1 Fracture Acidizing Effect 7.2 Post-Fracture Acidizing Analysis 8 Fracturing Effect Evaluation and Post-Fracturing Analysis 8.1 Test Fracturing 8.2 Sand Fracturing 8.3 Post-Fracturing Analysis 9 Conclusions References Development and Application of MFR-I Type Friction Reducer Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Materials and Instruments 2.2 Preparation of MFR-I Type Friction Reducer 2.3 Test Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Preparation Principle and Lubrication Property of Friction Reducer 3.2 Influence of Friction Reducer Concentration on Lubrication 3.3 Resistance to Temperature and Salt 3.4 Corrosion Property of Friction Reducer 3.5 Field Application 4 Conclusion References Enhanced Oil Mechanism of WAG in Tight Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Research Area 3 Laboratory Evaluation of CO2 Flooding 3.1 Experiment of Oil Phase Behavior and Expansion by Gas Injection 3.2 Miscible Pressure Test 3.3 Water Alternating Gas Mechanism 4 Numerical Simulation of CO2 Flooding 4.1 History Matching 4.2 CO2 Alternating Water Scheme 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Results Analysis 5.2 Enhance Oil Effect 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Study on Microscopic Displacement Characteristics of Surfactant Flooding in Extra-Low Permeability Reservoirs Real Sandstone Model Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Approach 2.1 Model 2.2 Apparatus 2.3 Approach 3 Surfactant Microscopic Displacement After Water Flooding 4 Microscopic Residual Oil After Surfactant Flooding 5 Displacement Efficiency Improvement 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Wells Management Strategy of Life-Cycle System Based on Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Stage Division for Gas Well Life 3 Main Technical Countermeasures for Each Life Stage 3.1 The Early Stage of Gas Well Life Cycle 3.1.1 Optimal Deployment of Well Locations in Sulige Gas Field 3.1.2 Fine Reservoir Reconstruction 3.1.3 Fine Well Classification 3.1.4 Reasonable Initial Production 3.2 The Middle Stage of Gas Well Life Cycle 3.2.1 Natural Continuous Production Section 3.2.2 Continuous Production Section with Measures 3.3 The Late Stage of Gas Well Life Cycle 3.3.1 The Intermittent Production Section 3.3.2 Economic Abandoned Section 4 Conclusion References A Single Well Controlled Reserve Calculation Method for Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir Based on Numerical Well Testing Abstract 1 Analysis of Difficulties in the Prediction of Controlled Reserves in Gas Wells 1.1 Some Gas Wells in Difficulty 1 Did not Reach Quasi-steady State 1.2 The Bottom Hole Pressure of Difficulty 2 Is Changing with Time 1.3 The Stress Sensitivity of Difficulty 3 Is Significant 2 Adaptability Analysis of Conventional Controlled Reserves Calculation Method 3 History Fitting Method of Numerical Well Test 3.1 Method Principle 3.2 Application Example 3.3 Method Application 4 Conclusion Simulation Analysis of a New Type of Combined Double Jet Nozzle Flow Field Abstract 1 Structural Feature 2 Mathematical Model 3 Model Analysis 4 Flow Field Imitation Analysis 4.1 Flow Behavior Analysis 4.2 Velocity Field Analysis 4.2.1 Velocity Field of Axial Section 4.2.2 Radial Cross Section Velocity Field 4.3 Turbulence Energy 5 Conclusion References Study on Microscopic Displacement Characteristics of Foam Flooding in Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs Real Sandstone Model Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Approach 2.1 Model 2.2 Apparatus 2.3 Approach 3 Foam Microscopic Displacement After Water Flooding 3.1 Emulsification 3.2 Jamin Effect 3.3 Extrusion and Transportation 4 Microscopic Residual Oil After Surfactant Flooding 5 Displacement Efficiency Improvement 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References A Method to Evaluate the Damage Caused by the Fracturing Fluid to Reservoirs with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Technology Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Design 2.1 Experiment Materials 2.2 Experiment Steps 3 Experiment Results and Analysis 3.1 Carrying Out Water Lock, Water Sensitivity and Solid Phase Damage Evaluation for No. 1 Core 3.2 Water Lock, Water Sensitivity and Solid Phase Damage Evaluation for No. 2 Core 4 Conclusions References Analysis to the Characteristic of Gas Well Production Decline Model in Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Theoretical Model Characteristic of Gas Well Production Decline 1.1 Theoretical Modeling of the Gas Decline 1.2 Theoretical Model Characteristic of Production Decline 1.2.1 Production Variation Characteristic 1.2.2 Variation Characteristics of Decline Rate 1.2.3 Variation Characteristics of Decline Index 1.2.4 Reserve Prediction Characteristics After Reaching the Boundary 2 Determination of Analysis Method of Actual Gas Well Production Decline 2.1 Introduction of Analysis Method of Pseudo-Pressure Standardized Production Decline 2.2 Analysis of Decline Laws of Actual Gas Well Production 2.2.1 Analysis of the Decline Types 2.2.2 Analysis of Decline Rate Characteristics 3 Conclusion Fund References New Method for Evaluating the Used Geological Reserves of Low Permeability Sandstone Gas Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Generality of the Study Region 3 Reserve Recalculation 3.1 Determination of Parameters 3.2 Reserve Recalculation and Evaluation 4 Evaluation of Used Geological Reserves 4.1 Calculation Methods 4.2 Evaluation of the Used Geological Reserve 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Study on Dynamic Vibration Characteristics of Drill String in Extended Reach Well Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Drill String Dynamics Equation 3 The Establishment of Finite Element Model 3.1 Basic Assumptions 3.2 Boundary Condition 3.3 Choosing Elements Type 3.4 Solution Setup 4 Simulation Example 4.1 Effect of WOB on Lateral Vibration Intensity of Drill String 4.2 Effect of Rotational Speed on Lateral Vibration Intensity of Drill String 4.3 Effect of Drilling Fluid Density on Lateral Vibration Intensity of Drill String 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Study on Remaining Oil Distribution of Single Sand Body in Yan 10 Reservoir in Zhenbei Area, Ordos Basin Abstract 1 Geological Survey 1.1 Sedimentary Characteristics 1.2 Reservoir Characteristics 2 Division of Single Sand Body 2.1 Identification Mark of Single Sand Body Logging 2.2 Characteristics of Single Sand Body Superimposed Longitudinally 2.3 Lateral Contact Characteristics of Single Sand Body 2.4 Plane Distribution Characteristics of Single Sand Body 3 Effective Water Breakthrough Characteristics of Single Sand Body 3.1 Effective Characteristics of Single Sand Body 3.2 Water Breakthrough Characteristics of Single Sand Body 4 Distribution Characteristics of Remaining Oil in Single Sand Body 4.1 Residual Oil Distribution of Single Sand Body with Different Stacking Patterns 4.2 Distribution Characteristics of Residual Oil in Single Sand Body Lateral Contact Pattern 4.3 The Distribution Characteristics of Residual Oil in Single Sand Body with Imperfect Injection Production Horizon 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Technology Research and Development Prospect of the Hydraulic Jet Double-Sealing and Single-Stick Subsection Fracturing Technology Abstract 1 Scheme Design 1.1 Design Idea 1.2 Process Methods 2 The Development of the Main Tools 2.1 The Optionally Work Packer 2.1.1 Structural Design 2.1.2 Working Principle 2.2 Hydraulic Jet Packer Tools 2.2.1 Structural Design 2.2.2 Working Principle 2.2.3 Technical Parameters 2.3 Long Diameter Hydraulic Jet Gun 3 String Design 3.1 Structural Design of Pipe String 3.2 Parameter of the Main Tools 3.3 Process Principle 4 Field Application and Future Prospect 4.1 Oil Horizontal Well Application 4.2 Gas Vertical Well Application 4.3 Application Prospect in the Next Step 5 Conclusion References A New Quantitative Method for Uncertainty Assessment of Bounding Fault Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Field Description 3 Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions 6 Way Forward Acknowledgments References Optimization of Development Well Types for Low Permeability Carbonate Gas Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Adaptability Evaluation of Horizontal Well Development of Carbonate Gas Reservoir in M Gas Field 2.1 Analysis of Reserves Distribution Characteristics 2.2 Analysis of Area Replacement Ratio of Horizontal Wells and Vertical Wells 2.3 Evaluation of Production Indexes of Horizontal and Vertical Wells 2.4 Development Benefit Evaluation of Horizontal Wells and Vertical Wells Acknowledgments References Research on Gas Well Full Life Cycle Simulation Test System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design Principle of the Test System 2.1 Test System Flow [4, 5] 2.2 Technical Parameters 3 The Main Components of the Test System 3.1 Highly Inclined Technology Test Well 3.2 Downhole Fluid Supply System [5, 6] 3.3 Digital Network Video Surveillance System 4 Multi-point Parameter Real-Time Monitoring System in the Test Well 4.1 Downhole Permanent Multi-point Monitoring Instrument [7, 8] 4.2 Communication Mode of High-Speed Multi-point Telemetry Transmission [9, 10] 4.3 Intelligent Monitoring Technology for Down Hole Fluid State in Test Well [11] 5 Simulation Test 6 Conclusion Fund Project References Evaluation of Erosion Wear Resistance of Soluble Magnesium-Aluminum Alloy Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Erosion Wear Test Equipment and Conditions 2.1 Erosion Wear Test Equipment 2.2 Erosion Wear Test Conditions 3 Erosion Wear Test Content 3.1 Impact of Erosion Angle on Erosion Performance of Soluble Magnesium Aluminum Alloy 3.2 Influence of Sand Ratio on Erosion Performance of Soluble Magnesium Aluminum Alloy 3.3 Erosion Resistance Analysis of Soluble Magnesium Aluminum Alloy 3.3.1 Determination of Erosion Model Coefficient 3.3.2 Calculation of Erosion Wear 4 Conclusions References Research on Structural Features and Their Impact on the Development of Shale Oil from the Chang 7 Formation in QingCheng Area of the Ordos Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Geological Overview 3 Acquisition and Processing of 3D Seismic Real Field Data 4 Fault Identification 4.1 Conventional Fault Identification 4.2 Fault Identification Based on Seismic Attributes 4.3 Formation Time of the Faults and Its Relationship to Oil Accumulation 5 Structural Features and Their Role in the Development of Shale Oil Horizontal Wells 6 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Research on Productivity Management of Gas Wells in Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reservoir Features and Developing History of M Gas Field 3 Methods 3.1 The Early Production Stage 3.2 The Middle Production Stage 3.3 The Decline Production Stage 3.4 Application 4 Conclusions References Water Flooding Characteristics and Adjustments of a Giant Porous Carbonate Oil Field in Iraq Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reservoir Geology and Water Injection Method 2.1 Reservoir Geology Description 2.2 Water Injection Method 3 Water Flooding Characteristics 3.1 Physical Experiments 3.2 Reservoir Simulations 3.3 Water Flooding Surveillance 4 Oil Field Adjustments and Actual Effect 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Application of AVO Fluid Inversion Technology in Yong’an Area of Subei Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 AVO Fluid Inversion Technology 2.1 Principle 2.2 Process 2.3 Affecting Factors 3 Application of AVO Fluid Inversion Technology 4 Conclusion References The Production Testing Characteristics of Gas Reservoir in the Middle Permian of Southwest Sichuan Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reservoir Characteristics 3 Production Testing Characteristics 3.1 Fluid Property 3.2 Production Characteristics 3.3 Percolation Characteristics 4 Potential Evaluation 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Well Logging Identification of Tight Reservoir in Shuang229 Block Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Geological General Situation 3 Reservoir Development Characteristics 3.1 Lithology and Grain Size Characteristics 3.2 Diagenesis Characteristics 3.3 Shale Content Characteristics 3.4 Physical Characteristics 4 Reservoir Development Characteristics 4.1 Well Logging Curve Optimization 4.2 Recognition Method of Superimposed Graph 4.3 Recognition Method of Intersection Plate 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References A Method of Multi-attribute Reservoir Parameter Prediction: A Case Study of Carbonate Reservoir in the North Caspian Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Petrophysical Model 2.2 Method of Multi-attribute Reservoir Parameter Prediction 2.3 Workflow of Multi-attribute Reservoir Parameter Prediction 3 Case Study 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Effect of Heterogeneity on Injection-Production Dynamic Characteristics of Polymer Flooding in Offshore Fields Abstract 1 Foreword 2 Experimental Part 2.1 Experimental Condition 2.2 Experimental Method 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Compatibility of Polymer and Reservoir Permeability 3.2 Influence of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Injection and Production Ability of Polymer Flooding 4 Conclusion References Research and Application of Deep Profile Control and Drive Technology of Graded Combination in High Water Cut Stage of Heterogeneous Reservoir Abstract 1 Preface 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Laboratory Instrument and Material 2.2 Experimental Content 3 Experimental Results and Analysis 3.1 Evaluation and Optimization of Gel System 3.2 Evaluation and Optimization of Pre Crosslinked Gel Particles 3.3 Displacement Efficiency Evaluation of Combined Profile Control and Displacement System 4 Field Application 5 Conclusion References Temporary Plugging Performance of an Intelligent Liquid Gel with Magnetorheological Fluid Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Materials 2.2 Experimental Method 2.3 Temporary Plugging Performance of MR Fluid 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Preparation Principle of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 3.2 Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 3.3 Magnetorheological Properties of MRF 3.4 Temporary Plugging Performance of MRF-TPA 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References A New Method for Determining Abandonment Formation Pressure in Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 2.1 Assumptions 2.2 Equivalent Radius Model 2.3 Mathematical Model 2.4 Calculation Process 3 Example Verification 4 Analysis of Influence Factors 4.1 Stress Sensitivity Coefficient 4.2 Starting Pressure Gradient 4.3 Reservoir Permeability 4.4 Fracture Half-Length 4.5 Abandonment Gas Production Rate 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Effects of CO2 on the Micron-Scale Pore-Fracture Structure and Connectivity in Coals from the Qinshui Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Samples and Methodology 2.1 Samples 2.2 CO2 Treatment 2.3 Pore-Fracture Network Modelling 2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Changes in Pore Structure 3.2 Changes in Connectivity 3.3 Changes in Minerals 3.4 Effects of Mineral Dissolution on the Pore Structure 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Imbibition-Displacement Microemulsion Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Experimental Materials 2.2 Experimental Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Preparation of Microemulsion 3.2 Performance Evaluation of Microemulsion 3.2.1 Particle Size 3.2.2 Interfacial Tension 3.2.3 Contact Angle 3.3 Spontaneous Imbibition of Core 4 Conclusion and Recommendation Acknowledgments References Experimental Investigation of Formation Damage Induced by Completion in Dibei Tight Condensate Gas Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Basic Reservoir Characteristics 2.1 Reservoir Lithology 2.2 Reservoir Space Characteristics 2.3 Reservoir Physical Characteristics 2.4 Reservoir Fluid Characteristics 3 Evaluation on Retrograde Condensation Damage During the Fracturing Process 3.1 Preparation and Sorting of Long Cores 3.2 Evaluation of Retrograde Condensation Damage Without Invasion of Fracturing Fluid 3.2.1 Experimental Procedure 3.2.2 Analysis of Experimental Results 3.3 Evaluation of Retrograde Condensation Damage with Invasion of Fracturing Fluid 3.3.1 Experimental Procedure 3.3.2 Analysis of Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References The Development and Field Application of Key Materials for Coupling Profile Control of Injection Well Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Materials and Instruments 2.2 Test Method 2.2.1 Particle Plugging Agent Test Method 2.2.2 Test Method of on-Line Acid Injection 2.2.3 Test Method of Profile Control and Flooding Agent 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Development and Performance Evaluation of Particle Plugging Agent 3.1.1 Development of Particle Plugging Agent 3.1.2 The Absorbency of Particle Plugging Agent 3.1.3 Acid-pro of Performance 3.1.4 Sealing Performance 3.2 Development and Performance Evaluation of Injection Acid System 3.2.1 Development of the Acid Injection 3.2.2 Dissolution Rate of the Acid Injection 3.2.3 Precipitation Inhibition Rate of the Acid Injection 3.2.4 Corrosion Inhibition of the Acid Injection 3.3 Development and Performance Evaluation of Profile Control Agent 3.3.1 Development of Control and Flooding Agent 3.3.2 Interfacial Tension with Different Profile Control Agent Content 3.3.3 Surface Wettability Test 3.3.4 Oil Displacement Efficiency 4 Field Application Discussion Fund items References Stratigraphic Horizon Prediction Integrating Wells and Seismic Data Based on Kriging Interpolation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Two-Dimensional Modeling of Well Seismic Joint Based on Kriging Interpolation 2.1 Prediction Process 2.2 Kriging Interpolation Method 2.3 Realization of Kriging Interpolation 3 Software Development 4 Application Case Analysis 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Experiment Researches of Power Equilibrium Technology for Beam Pumping Unit Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Technology Research 2.1 Control Strategy 2.2 Control System Description 2.3 Control Schematic 2.4 Optimized Scheme of Power Equilibrium Mode 2.5 Effect on Crank Torque 3 Experimental Test 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 4.1 Crankshaft Torque Analysis 4.2 Motor Input Power Analysis 4.3 Gearbox Vibration Analysis 5 Field Test 6 Conclusions Conflict of Interests References Evaluation of Economic Development Model of Offshore Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Procedures 2.2 Experimental Apparatus 2.3 Experimental Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 4 Numerical Simulation 4.1 Model Establishment 4.2 The Effect of Injection Temperature on Hot Water Stimulation 4.3 Comparison and Optimization of Steam and Hot Water Stimulation 5 Conclusions Conflicts of Interest References Optimization of Horizontal Well Placement for Cold Production in Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Block M Overview 2.1 Geology and Reservoir Characteristic 2.2 Development History 3 Remaining Cold Production Potential Distribution in Developed Region 3.1 Integral Reservoir History Match 3.2 Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Remaining Oil Distribution 3.3 Cold Production Potential Tapping Target in the Developed Areas 4 Well Deployment Strategies 4.1 East-West Orientation Well Deployment in the Undeveloped Region 4.2 Infill Well Deployment in the Early Development Region 4.3 South-North Orientation Well Deployment 5 Full-Field Development Scheme Optimization 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References The Geological Character and Development Technology in the Western Area of Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Geological Characteristics 1.1 Characteristics of Source Rock 1.2 Structural Features 1.3 Reservoir Characteristics 1.4 Formation Water Characteristics and Control Factors 2 Water Bearing Gas Reservoir Development Technology in Western Jiangsu 2.1 Description Technology of Water Bearing Gas Reservoir 2.1.1 3D Seismic Description Technology 2.1.2 Well Logging Fine Evaluation Technology 2.1.3 Fi Contents A Novel Productivity Calculation Method for Gas Reservoirs of Qixia Formation, Shuangyushi Block, Northwestern Sichuan Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Three Factors Affecting Well Productivity Equation 3 Verification of Productivity Equation 4 Factors Affecting Productivity 4.1 Stress Sensibility 4.2 Reservoir Heterogeneity 4.3 High-Speed Non-Darcy Effects 4.4 Formation Pressure 5 Conclusions References Reservoir Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Feixianguan Formation in Luojiazhai Gas Field, Northeastern Sichuan Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Regional Geological Condition 3 Reservoir Petrological Characteristics 4 Reservoir Characteristics 4.1 Type of Reservoir Space 4.2 Characteristic of Pore Thorats 4.3 Physical Properties 4.4 Relationship Between Porosity and Permeability 5 Controlling Factors of Difference of Reservoir Characteristics 5.1 Control of Sedimentation on Reservoir 5.2 Control of Diagenesis on Reservoir 6 Conclusions References Physicochemical Properties and Injection Timing of JCP-1 Nano Polymer Microspheres Abstract 1 Experiment 1.1 Experimental Drugs, Reagents and Apparatus 1.2 Preparation of JCP-1 Polymer Microsphere Emulsion 1.3 Experimental Method 2 Experimental Results and Discussion 2.1 The Apparent Viscosity of JCP-1 Polymer Microsphere Emulsion 2.2 Optical Microscopic Characteristics of JCP-1 microspheres 2.3 Variation of Particle Size of JCP-1 Microspheres 2.4 Optimization of Injection Timing of JCP-1 Polymer Microspheres 3 Conclusion Acknowledgement References Synthesis and Analysis of Hydrophobic Tail Polymers (SPC16 and SPC18) with Addition of β-CD by Host-Guest Inclusions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Method 2.1 Material 2.2 Synthesize of SPC18 Polymer 2.3 Synthesis of Polymer SPC16 2.3.1 Synthesis of Monomer Cetyl Dimethyl Allyl Ammonium Chloride 2.3.2 Synthesis of Polymer SPC16 2.4 Samples Preparation 2.5 Apparent Viscosity Measurement 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Addition of β-CD with Polymers SPC16 and SPC18 3.1.1 Effect of Hydrophobic Association Strength on the Apparent Viscosity of the Two Copolymer Solution 4 Conclusion References Applications of Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Assess Thermal Maturity and Families of Termit Basin Oils, Niger Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 The Compositions of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 3.1 Triaromatic Dinosteroids and Methyl-Triaromatic Steroids 3.2 Triaromatic Steroids (TAS) 4 Results 4.1 Oil Family Classification 4.2 Maturity Assessment 5 Conclusions References Simulation Study of Well Deliverability Reduction Due to Sulphur Deposition in Naturally Fractured Carbonate Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Impact of Sulphur Deposition 3 Sour Gas Development Project 4 Sulphur Solubility Curves 5 Near-wellbore Blockage Mechanism 6 Sulphur Deposition in Wellbore 7 Sulphur Saturation in Reservoir Formation 8 Reservoir Simulation for Sulphur Deposition 9 Best Practices and Challenges Acknowledgment Appendix References Effective Application of Using a Combination of Wireline Techniques for Well Killing and Tubing Fishing Operations Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 3 Well Killing 4 Tubing Fishing 4.1 Tubing Milling 5 Lessons Learned 6 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Improving Gas Reservoir Understanding by Using Deconvolution Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Pressure Transient Testing and Goals 3 Historical Test Results and Key Challenges 4 Why We Need Deconvolution? 5 Benefits and Limitation of Deconvolution 6 Application Case Study on Well A 7 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Sedimentary Cyclicity Interpretation in Triassic Carbonate Fields in Northeastern Sichuan Basin, China Abstract 1 Geological Setting 2 Subsurface Interpretation of Cyclicity 2.1 Depositional Cyclicity from Core and Well Log Data 2.2 Cyclicity from Seismic Data 3 Outcrop Interpretation of Cyclicity 4 Observation of Cyclicity from Analogs 5 Application 5.1 Reservoir Modeling 5.2 Reservoir Management 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Sour Gas Field Development with Integrated 3d Reservoir Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Models 2.1 Uncertainty Analysis and Experiment Design in Reservoir Simulation 2.2 Workflow for Uncertainty Analysis in Reservoir Simulation 2.3 Optimizing Development Plan Using Reservoir Simulation - Experimental Design 2.4 Improving Prediction Accuracy of Well Performance with Uncertainty of Sulfur Precipitation 3 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Using Machine Learning Techniques for Enhancing Production Forecast in North Malay Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Application and Results 4 Conclusion References A Potential Economic and Efficient Technology Study for Sustained Casing Pressure Mitigation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Perf and Wash Application to Mitigate SCP of Sour Gas Wells 2.1 Dyno-Slot Perforation 2.2 Abrasive Sand Jetting 2.3 Section Milling 2.4 Perforation and Washing 3 Lessons Learned 4 Challenges 5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Study on Waterproof Lock Low Concentration High-Density Fracturing Fluid System and Its Field Application Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Waterproof Lock Low Concentration High-Density Fracturing Fluid 2.1 Optimization of Thickening Agent 2.2 Development of Waterproof Lock Agent 2.3 Selection of Weighting Agent 2.4 Optimization of Fracturing Fluid System 3 Field Application 4 Conclusion References Synergistic Diverting Acid System and Its Application in Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoir Stimulation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Clean Self-diverting Acid System 3 Synergistic Diverting Acid System 3.1 Clean Self-diverting Foam Acid 3.2 Clean Self-diverting Emulsified Acid 4 Treatment Analysis and Evaluation 5 Conclusions References The Influence of Faults on the Distribution of Gas and Water in Sulige Gas Field-Take Zhaohuangmiao Area as an Example Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Tectonic Development Characteristics 2.1 Characteristics and Genesis of Faults 2.2 Structural Characteristics 3 Discussion on the Distribution Law of Gas and Water 3.1 Distribution Law of Gas and Water in Zhaohuangmiao Area 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References High Temperature Resistance and Low-Cost Fracturing Fluid System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Chemicals and Equipment 2.1 Experimental Chemicals 2.2 Experimental Equipment 3 Sample Preparation Method 3.1 Preparation of Fracturing Fluid Base Fluid 3.2 Fracturing Fluid Gel Preparation 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 4.1 Optimal Dosage of Calcium Chloride 4.2 Polymer Thickening Properties 4.3 Cross-Linking Property 4.4 Temperature Resistance and Shear Resistance Properties 4.5 Gel-Breaking Property 5 Conclusion References Study on Efficient Reconstruction Technology of Deep Volcanic Rock Reservoirs in the South Dinan Uplift Abstract 1 Foreword 2 Difficulties in Reservoir Reconstruction 3 Reservoir Modification Technology Research 3.1 Fracturing Technology of Controlling Fracture Height with Variable Displacement 3.2 Multistage Slug Filtration Reduction Technology for Pre-fluids 3.3 Sand Fracturing Technology for Deep Well Gas Reservoir Safety 3.4 Bridge Plug Perforation Joint Casing Layered Fracturing Technology 4 Study on Waterproof Lock Fracturing Fluid System 4.1 Optimum Selection of Water Lock Inhibitors 4.2 Fracturing Fluid Performance Evaluation 5 Field Application Example 5.1 Technology of Variable Displacement Control of Seam Height + Slug Reduction of Filtration 5.2 Optimized Fracturing Technology of Bridge Plug Perforation Combined with Casing Layering and Safe Sand Adding in Deep Gas Reservoir 6 Conclusion and Cognition References Development of Guar-Based Crosslinked Fracturing Fluid in Flow-Back Water Abstract 1 Experimental 1.1 Materials and Instruments 1.2 Experimental Methods 2 Formulation of Fracturing Fluids from Flow-Back Water 2.1 Composition of Fracturing Flow-Back Water 2.2 Development of Crosslinker 2.3 Biocide Selection 2.4 Formulation of Guar Fracturing Fluid by Flow-Back Water 3 Property of Fracturing Fluid Made from Flow-Back Water 3.1 Viscosity of Base Fluid 3.2 Crosslink Time 3.3 Temperature and Shear Stability 3.4 The Property of Breaking the Gel 3.5 Anti-clay Swelling Property 3.6 Fluid Loss Property 3.7 Formation Damage 4 Field Test 5 Conclusions References Geological Characteristics and Production Performance of a Sandstone-Fractured Basement Composite Reservoir Abstract 1 Definition and Origin 1.1 Definition of Sandstone-Fractured Basement Composite Reservoir 1.2 Sedimentary Origin 1.3 Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mode 2 SR Oilfield Overview 3 Geological Characteristics 3.1 Sand Distribution 3.2 Structural Characteristic 3.3 Oil-Water Contact 3.4 Barrier Distribution 3.5 Basement Fracture Characteristic 4 Production Performance 4.1 Formation Pressure 4.2 Oil Well Response to Water Injection 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Relationship Between Detection Depth and Transmitting Frequency of Transient Electromagnetic Logging Instrument Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Bipolar Rectangular Transmitting Waveform 3 Relationship Between Transmitting Frequency and Detection Depth 3.1 Distribution Characteristics of Magnetic Force Lines in Homogeneous Media 3.2 Distribution Characteristics of Magnetic Force Line in Production Well Model 3.3 Electromagnetic Detection Technique for Multi-tube Well 4 Experimental Tests 4.1 Establishment of Experimental Environment 4.2 Corresponding Relation Between Transmitting Waveform and Receiving Waveform 4.3 Variation Characteristics of Receiving Signals with Different Transmitting Pulse Widths 5 Determination of the Transmitting Frequency of Logging Instrument 6 Conclusions References Application of a Step-by-Step Fracturing Technology in Ultra-High Pressure Risk Exploration Wells Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Difficulty Analysis of Reservoir Stimulation 2.1 High Formation Pressure 3 Complex Casing Program 4 Design Ideas 4.1 Design Idea of Acid Fracturing 4.2 Sand Fracturing Design Idea 5 Fluid Optimization 5.1 Core Damage Experiment 5.2 Acidizing Fluid System Optimization 5.3 Optimization of Fracturing Fluid 6 Design Optimization 6.1 Acidizing Fluid Consumption Optimization 6.2 Fracture Parameter Optimization 6.3 Stimulation Scale Optimization Results 7 Fracture Acidizing Effect Evaluation and Post-Fracturing Analysis 7.1 Fracture Acidizing Effect 7.2 Post-Fracture Acidizing Analysis 8 Fracturing Effect Evaluation and Post-Fracturing Analysis 8.1 Test Fracturing 8.2 Sand Fracturing 8.3 Post-Fracturing Analysis 9 Conclusions References Development and Application of MFR-I Type Friction Reducer Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Materials and Instruments 2.2 Preparation of MFR-I Type Friction Reducer 2.3 Test Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Preparation Principle and Lubrication Property of Friction Reducer 3.2 Influence of Friction Reducer Concentration on Lubrication 3.3 Resistance to Temperature and Salt 3.4 Corrosion Property of Friction Reducer 3.5 Field Application 4 Conclusion References Enhanced Oil Mechanism of WAG in Tight Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Research Area 3 Laboratory Evaluation of CO2 Flooding 3.1 Experiment of Oil Phase Behavior and Expansion by Gas Injection 3.2 Miscible Pressure Test 3.3 Water Alternating Gas Mechanism 4 Numerical Simulation of CO2 Flooding 4.1 History Matching 4.2 CO2 Alternating Water Scheme 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Results Analysis 5.2 Enhance Oil Effect 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Study on Microscopic Displacement Characteristics of Surfactant Flooding in Extra-Low Permeability Reservoirs Real Sandstone Model Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Approach 2.1 Model 2.2 Apparatus 2.3 Approach 3 Surfactant Microscopic Displacement After Water Flooding 4 Microscopic Residual Oil After Surfactant Flooding 5 Displacement Efficiency Improvement 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Wells Management Strategy of Life-Cycle System Based on Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Stage Division for Gas Well Life 3 Main Technical Countermeasures for Each Life Stage 3.1 The Early Stage of Gas Well Life Cycle 3.1.1 Optimal Deployment of Well Locations in Sulige Gas Field 3.1.2 Fine Reservoir Reconstruction 3.1.3 Fine Well Classification 3.1.4 Reasonable Initial Production 3.2 The Middle Stage of Gas Well Life Cycle 3.2.1 Natural Continuous Production Section 3.2.2 Continuous Production Section with Measures 3.3 The Late Stage of Gas Well Life Cycle 3.3.1 The Intermittent Production Section 3.3.2 Economic Abandoned Section 4 Conclusion References A Single Well Controlled Reserve Calculation Method for Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoir Based on Numerical Well Testing Abstract 1 Analysis of Difficulties in the Prediction of Controlled Reserves in Gas Wells 1.1 Some Gas Wells in Difficulty 1 Did not Reach Quasi-steady State 1.2 The Bottom Hole Pressure of Difficulty 2 Is Changing with Time 1.3 The Stress Sensitivity of Difficulty 3 Is Significant 2 Adaptability Analysis of Conventional Controlled Reserves Calculation Method 3 History Fitting Method of Numerical Well Test 3.1 Method Principle 3.2 Application Example 3.3 Method Application 4 Conclusion Simulation Analysis of a New Type of Combined Double Jet Nozzle Flow Field Abstract 1 Structural Feature 2 Mathematical Model 3 Model Analysis 4 Flow Field Imitation Analysis 4.1 Flow Behavior Analysis 4.2 Velocity Field Analysis 4.2.1 Velocity Field of Axial Section 4.2.2 Radial Cross Section Velocity Field 4.3 Turbulence Energy 5 Conclusion References Study on Microscopic Displacement Characteristics of Foam Flooding in Extra-low Permeability Reservoirs Real Sandstone Model Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Approach 2.1 Model 2.2 Apparatus 2.3 Approach 3 Foam Microscopic Displacement After Water Flooding 3.1 Emulsification 3.2 Jamin Effect 3.3 Extrusion and Transportation 4 Microscopic Residual Oil After Surfactant Flooding 5 Displacement Efficiency Improvement 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References A Method to Evaluate the Damage Caused by the Fracturing Fluid to Reservoirs with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Technology Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experiment Design 2.1 Experiment Materials 2.2 Experiment Steps 3 Experiment Results and Analysis 3.1 Carrying Out Water Lock, Water Sensitivity and Solid Phase Damage Evaluation for No. 1 Core 3.2 Water Lock, Water Sensitivity and Solid Phase Damage Evaluation for No. 2 Core 4 Conclusions References Analysis to the Characteristic of Gas Well Production Decline Model in Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Theoretical Model Characteristic of Gas Well Production Decline 1.1 Theoretical Modeling of the Gas Decline 1.2 Theoretical Model Characteristic of Production Decline 1.2.1 Production Variation Characteristic 1.2.2 Variation Characteristics of Decline Rate 1.2.3 Variation Characteristics of Decline Index 1.2.4 Reserve Prediction Characteristics After Reaching the Boundary 2 Determination of Analysis Method of Actual Gas Well Production Decline 2.1 Introduction of Analysis Method of Pseudo-Pressure Standardized Production Decline 2.2 Analysis of Decline Laws of Actual Gas Well Production 2.2.1 Analysis of the Decline Types 2.2.2 Analysis of Decline Rate Characteristics 3 Conclusion Fund References New Method for Evaluating the Used Geological Reserves of Low Permeability Sandstone Gas Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Generality of the Study Region 3 Reserve Recalculation 3.1 Determination of Parameters 3.2 Reserve Recalculation and Evaluation 4 Evaluation of Used Geological Reserves 4.1 Calculation Methods 4.2 Evaluation of the Used Geological Reserve 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Study on Dynamic Vibration Characteristics of Drill String in Extended Reach Well Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Drill String Dynamics Equation 3 The Establishment of Finite Element Model 3.1 Basic Assumptions 3.2 Boundary Condition 3.3 Choosing Elements Type 3.4 Solution Setup 4 Simulation Example 4.1 Effect of WOB on Lateral Vibration Intensity of Drill String 4.2 Effect of Rotational Speed on Lateral Vibration Intensity of Drill String 4.3 Effect of Drilling Fluid Density on Lateral Vibration Intensity of Drill String 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Study on Remaining Oil Distribution of Single Sand Body in Yan 10 Reservoir in Zhenbei Area, Ordos Basin Abstract 1 Geological Survey 1.1 Sedimentary Characteristics 1.2 Reservoir Characteristics 2 Division of Single Sand Body 2.1 Identification Mark of Single Sand Body Logging 2.2 Characteristics of Single Sand Body Superimposed Longitudinally 2.3 Lateral Contact Characteristics of Single Sand Body 2.4 Plane Distribution Characteristics of Single Sand Body 3 Effective Water Breakthrough Characteristics of Single Sand Body 3.1 Effective Characteristics of Single Sand Body 3.2 Water Breakthrough Characteristics of Single Sand Body 4 Distribution Characteristics of Remaining Oil in Single Sand Body 4.1 Residual Oil Distribution of Single Sand Body with Different Stacking Patterns 4.2 Distribution Characteristics of Residual Oil in Single Sand Body Lateral Contact Pattern 4.3 The Distribution Characteristics of Residual Oil in Single Sand Body with Imperfect Injection Production Horizon 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Technology Research and Development Prospect of the Hydraulic Jet Double-Sealing and Single-Stick Subsection Fracturing Technology Abstract 1 Scheme Design 1.1 Design Idea 1.2 Process Methods 2 The Development of the Main Tools 2.1 The Optionally Work Packer 2.1.1 Structural Design 2.1.2 Working Principle 2.2 Hydraulic Jet Packer Tools 2.2.1 Structural Design 2.2.2 Working Principle 2.2.3 Technical Parameters 2.3 Long Diameter Hydraulic Jet Gun 3 String Design 3.1 Structural Design of Pipe String 3.2 Parameter of the Main Tools 3.3 Process Principle 4 Field Application and Future Prospect 4.1 Oil Horizontal Well Application 4.2 Gas Vertical Well Application 4.3 Application Prospect in the Next Step 5 Conclusion References A New Quantitative Method for Uncertainty Assessment of Bounding Fault Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Field Description 3 Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions 6 Way Forward Acknowledgments References Optimization of Development Well Types for Low Permeability Carbonate Gas Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Adaptability Evaluation of Horizontal Well Development of Carbonate Gas Reservoir in M Gas Field 2.1 Analysis of Reserves Distribution Characteristics 2.2 Analysis of Area Replacement Ratio of Horizontal Wells and Vertical Wells 2.3 Evaluation of Production Indexes of Horizontal and Vertical Wells 2.4 Development Benefit Evaluation of Horizontal Wells and Vertical Wells Acknowledgments References Research on Gas Well Full Life Cycle Simulation Test System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design Principle of the Test System 2.1 Test System Flow [4, 5] 2.2 Technical Parameters 3 The Main Components of the Test System 3.1 Highly Inclined Technology Test Well 3.2 Downhole Fluid Supply System [5, 6] 3.3 Digital Network Video Surveillance System 4 Multi-point Parameter Real-Time Monitoring System in the Test Well 4.1 Downhole Permanent Multi-point Monitoring Instrument [7, 8] 4.2 Communication Mode of High-Speed Multi-point Telemetry Transmission [9, 10] 4.3 Intelligent Monitoring Technology for Down Hole Fluid State in Test Well [11] 5 Simulation Test 6 Conclusion Fund Project References Evaluation of Erosion Wear Resistance of Soluble Magnesium-Aluminum Alloy Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Erosion Wear Test Equipment and Conditions 2.1 Erosion Wear Test Equipment 2.2 Erosion Wear Test Conditions 3 Erosion Wear Test Content 3.1 Impact of Erosion Angle on Erosion Performance of Soluble Magnesium Aluminum Alloy 3.2 Influence of Sand Ratio on Erosion Performance of Soluble Magnesium Aluminum Alloy 3.3 Erosion Resistance Analysis of Soluble Magnesium Aluminum Alloy 3.3.1 Determination of Erosion Model Coefficient 3.3.2 Calculation of Erosion Wear 4 Conclusions References Research on Structural Features and Their Impact on the Development of Shale Oil from the Chang 7 Formation in QingCheng Area of the Ordos Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Geological Overview 3 Acquisition and Processing of 3D Seismic Real Field Data 4 Fault Identification 4.1 Conventional Fault Identification 4.2 Fault Identification Based on Seismic Attributes 4.3 Formation Time of the Faults and Its Relationship to Oil Accumulation 5 Structural Features and Their Role in the Development of Shale Oil Horizontal Wells 6 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Research on Productivity Management of Gas Wells in Low Permeability Carbonate Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reservoir Features and Developing History of M Gas Field 3 Methods 3.1 The Early Production Stage 3.2 The Middle Production Stage 3.3 The Decline Production Stage 3.4 Application 4 Conclusions References Water Flooding Characteristics and Adjustments of a Giant Porous Carbonate Oil Field in Iraq Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reservoir Geology and Water Injection Method 2.1 Reservoir Geology Description 2.2 Water Injection Method 3 Water Flooding Characteristics 3.1 Physical Experiments 3.2 Reservoir Simulations 3.3 Water Flooding Surveillance 4 Oil Field Adjustments and Actual Effect 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Application of AVO Fluid Inversion Technology in Yong’an Area of Subei Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 AVO Fluid Inversion Technology 2.1 Principle 2.2 Process 2.3 Affecting Factors 3 Application of AVO Fluid Inversion Technology 4 Conclusion References The Production Testing Characteristics of Gas Reservoir in the Middle Permian of Southwest Sichuan Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reservoir Characteristics 3 Production Testing Characteristics 3.1 Fluid Property 3.2 Production Characteristics 3.3 Percolation Characteristics 4 Potential Evaluation 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Well Logging Identification of Tight Reservoir in Shuang229 Block Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Geological General Situation 3 Reservoir Development Characteristics 3.1 Lithology and Grain Size Characteristics 3.2 Diagenesis Characteristics 3.3 Shale Content Characteristics 3.4 Physical Characteristics 4 Reservoir Development Characteristics 4.1 Well Logging Curve Optimization 4.2 Recognition Method of Superimposed Graph 4.3 Recognition Method of Intersection Plate 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References A Method of Multi-attribute Reservoir Parameter Prediction: A Case Study of Carbonate Reservoir in the North Caspian Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Petrophysical Model 2.2 Method of Multi-attribute Reservoir Parameter Prediction 2.3 Workflow of Multi-attribute Reservoir Parameter Prediction 3 Case Study 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Effect of Heterogeneity on Injection-Production Dynamic Characteristics of Polymer Flooding in Offshore Fields Abstract 1 Foreword 2 Experimental Part 2.1 Experimental Condition 2.2 Experimental Method 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Compatibility of Polymer and Reservoir Permeability 3.2 Influence of Reservoir Heterogeneity on Injection and Production Ability of Polymer Flooding 4 Conclusion References Research and Application of Deep Profile Control and Drive Technology of Graded Combination in High Water Cut Stage of Heterogeneous Reservoir Abstract 1 Preface 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Laboratory Instrument and Material 2.2 Experimental Content 3 Experimental Results and Analysis 3.1 Evaluation and Optimization of Gel System 3.2 Evaluation and Optimization of Pre Crosslinked Gel Particles 3.3 Displacement Efficiency Evaluation of Combined Profile Control and Displacement System 4 Field Application 5 Conclusion References Temporary Plugging Performance of an Intelligent Liquid Gel with Magnetorheological Fluid Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Materials 2.2 Experimental Method 2.3 Temporary Plugging Performance of MR Fluid 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Preparation Principle of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 3.2 Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles 3.3 Magnetorheological Properties of MRF 3.4 Temporary Plugging Performance of MRF-TPA 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References A New Method for Determining Abandonment Formation Pressure in Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model 2.1 Assumptions 2.2 Equivalent Radius Model 2.3 Mathematical Model 2.4 Calculation Process 3 Example Verification 4 Analysis of Influence Factors 4.1 Stress Sensitivity Coefficient 4.2 Starting Pressure Gradient 4.3 Reservoir Permeability 4.4 Fracture Half-Length 4.5 Abandonment Gas Production Rate 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Effects of CO2 on the Micron-Scale Pore-Fracture Structure and Connectivity in Coals from the Qinshui Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Samples and Methodology 2.1 Samples 2.2 CO2 Treatment 2.3 Pore-Fracture Network Modelling 2.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Changes in Pore Structure 3.2 Changes in Connectivity 3.3 Changes in Minerals 3.4 Effects of Mineral Dissolution on the Pore Structure 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Imbibition-Displacement Microemulsion Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Experimental Materials 2.2 Experimental Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Preparation of Microemulsion 3.2 Performance Evaluation of Microemulsion 3.2.1 Particle Size 3.2.2 Interfacial Tension 3.2.3 Contact Angle 3.3 Spontaneous Imbibition of Core 4 Conclusion and Recommendation Acknowledgments References Experimental Investigation of Formation Damage Induced by Completion in Dibei Tight Condensate Gas Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Basic Reservoir Characteristics 2.1 Reservoir Lithology 2.2 Reservoir Space Characteristics 2.3 Reservoir Physical Characteristics 2.4 Reservoir Fluid Characteristics 3 Evaluation on Retrograde Condensation Damage During the Fracturing Process 3.1 Preparation and Sorting of Long Cores 3.2 Evaluation of Retrograde Condensation Damage Without Invasion of Fracturing Fluid 3.2.1 Experimental Procedure 3.2.2 Analysis of Experimental Results 3.3 Evaluation of Retrograde Condensation Damage with Invasion of Fracturing Fluid 3.3.1 Experimental Procedure 3.3.2 Analysis of Experimental Results 4 Conclusions References The Development and Field Application of Key Materials for Coupling Profile Control of Injection Well Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Materials and Instruments 2.2 Test Method 2.2.1 Particle Plugging Agent Test Method 2.2.2 Test Method of on-Line Acid Injection 2.2.3 Test Method of Profile Control and Flooding Agent 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Development and Performance Evaluation of Particle Plugging Agent 3.1.1 Development of Particle Plugging Agent 3.1.2 The Absorbency of Particle Plugging Agent 3.1.3 Acid-pro of Performance 3.1.4 Sealing Performance 3.2 Development and Performance Evaluation of Injection Acid System 3.2.1 Development of the Acid Injection 3.2.2 Dissolution Rate of the Acid Injection 3.2.3 Precipitation Inhibition Rate of the Acid Injection 3.2.4 Corrosion Inhibition of the Acid Injection 3.3 Development and Performance Evaluation of Profile Control Agent 3.3.1 Development of Control and Flooding Agent 3.3.2 Interfacial Tension with Different Profile Control Agent Content 3.3.3 Surface Wettability Test 3.3.4 Oil Displacement Efficiency 4 Field Application Discussion Fund items References Stratigraphic Horizon Prediction Integrating Wells and Seismic Data Based on Kriging Interpolation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Two-Dimensional Modeling of Well Seismic Joint Based on Kriging Interpolation 2.1 Prediction Process 2.2 Kriging Interpolation Method 2.3 Realization of Kriging Interpolation 3 Software Development 4 Application Case Analysis 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Experiment Researches of Power Equilibrium Technology for Beam Pumping Unit Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Technology Research 2.1 Control Strategy 2.2 Control System Description 2.3 Control Schematic 2.4 Optimized Scheme of Power Equilibrium Mode 2.5 Effect on Crank Torque 3 Experimental Test 4 Experimental Results and Analysis 4.1 Crankshaft Torque Analysis 4.2 Motor Input Power Analysis 4.3 Gearbox Vibration Analysis 5 Field Test 6 Conclusions Conflict of Interests References Evaluation of Economic Development Model of Offshore Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Procedures 2.2 Experimental Apparatus 2.3 Experimental Parameters 3 Results and Discussion 4 Numerical Simulation 4.1 Model Establishment 4.2 The Effect of Injection Temperature on Hot Water Stimulation 4.3 Comparison and Optimization of Steam and Hot Water Stimulation 5 Conclusions Conflicts of Interest References Optimization of Horizontal Well Placement for Cold Production in Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoir Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Block M Overview 2.1 Geology and Reservoir Characteristic 2.2 Development History 3 Remaining Cold Production Potential Distribution in Developed Region 3.1 Integral Reservoir History Match 3.2 Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Remaining Oil Distribution 3.3 Cold Production Potential Tapping Target in the Developed Areas 4 Well Deployment Strategies 4.1 East-West Orientation Well Deployment in the Undeveloped Region 4.2 Infill Well Deployment in the Early Development Region 4.3 South-North Orientation Well Deployment 5 Full-Field Development Scheme Optimization 6 Conclusion Acknowledgments References The Geological Character and Development Technology in the Western Area of Sulige Gas Field Abstract 1 Geological Characteristics 1.1 Characteristics of Source Rock 1.2 Structural Features 1.3 Reservoir Characteristics 1.4 Formation Water Characteristics and Control Factors 2 Water Bearing Gas Reservoir Development Technology in Western Jiangsu 2.1 Description Technology of Water Bearing Gas Reservoir 2.1.1 3D Seismic Description Technology 2.1.2 Well Logging Fine Evaluation Technology 2.1.3 Fi