Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Smart Cities (ICESC2022) (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 324)

This book contains papers presented at the International Conference on Emerging Smart Cities (ICESC2022), previously known as the International Conference on Civil, Offshore and Environmental Engineering (ICCOEE). ICESC is held under the banner of World Engineering, Science and Technology Congress (ESTCON2022) from 1 to2 December 2022 at Borneo Convention Centre, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. This proceeding contains papers presented by academics and industrial practitioners showcasing the latest advancements and findings in civil engineering areas with an emphasis on emerging smart cities for the ultimate shape of urban living in the near future. The papers are categorized under the following tracks: (1) Climate Adaptive materials; (2) Environmental sustainability; (3) Infrastructure efficiency. Preface Organization Contents Climate Adaptive Materials Application of Pervious Concrete Principles on U-Ditch Covers in Overcoming Puddles 1 Introduction 2 Research Background 3 Materials and Method 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete 4.2 Split Tensile Strength of Pervious Concrete 4.3 Flexure Strength of Pervious Concrete 4.4 Infiltration Rate 4.5 Size Test 4.6 Infiltration Rate Test 5 Conclusion References Study on Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar Based on Fly Ash and GGBFS with Various Molar Variations 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Types and Locations of Research 2.2 Research Materials and Tools 2.3 Planning Phase of Samples 2.4 Curing of Samples 2.5 Compressive Strength Test of Samples 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Samples of Geopolymer Mortar 3.2 Results of Setting Time Test 3.3 Results of Mortar Consistency Test 3.4 Results of Samples Compressive Strength Test 3.5 Results of Microstructural Characteristics Test 4 Conclusions References Influence of Fly Ash, Volcanic Ash and Rice Husk Ash as Filler Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Based on Marshall Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis Results of Marshall Filler Fly Ash, Volcanic Ash and Rice Husk Ash at Optimum Asphalt Content 3.2 Analysis Using SPSS 4 Conclusions References Mechanical Performance Improvement by Carbon Dioxide Curing of Cement Concrete Incorporating Oil Shale Residue 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 3 Discussion and Findings 3.1 X-ray Diffraction Analysis 3.2 Compressive Strength 4 Conclusions References Flood Susceptibility Mapping Using GIS-AHP of Kuala Krai 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Flood Causative Factors Selection and Their Importance 2.2 Analytical Hierarchy Process 3 Methodology 3.1 Study Area 3.2 Data Collection 3.3 Preparation of Flood Causative Factors Maps 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Flood Causative Factors 4.2 AHP Weight of the Flood Causative Factors 4.3 Flood Susceptible Map 5 Conclusion References Utilization of Zeolite Material with Chemical and Physical Activation as SCC Concrete (Self Compacting Concrete) 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Theoretical Foundations 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Theoretical Foundations 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Zeolite Activation Method 3.2 Concrete Mix Composition Planning 3.3 SCC Fresh Concrete Test 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Pre-implementation of Concrete Mixture 4.2 Test Results of SCC Fresh Concrete Mixture 4.3 Weight Effect of Concrete Volume 4.4 Concrete Compressive Strength Results 5 Conclusion References Comparative Study of Vacuum Bagging and Hand Lay Up Methods for Coconut Coir Fiber Composite Materials as an Alternative to Wood Boards 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Composite Making Process 2.2 Specimen Testing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Tensile Strength Test 3.2 Void Observation 3.3 Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties 4 Conclusion References Improved Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Columns in Fire Exposure by Strengthening Stirrup Reinforcement 1 Introduction 2 The Research Method 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Environmental Sustainability Reducing Bod and TSS Levels in Batik Wastewater Using Moringa Seeds Coagulant (Moringa Oleifera) 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Sampling 2.2 Coagulant Preparation 2.3 Jar Test Process 2.4 Parameter Test 2.5 Data Analyze 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 First Batik Wastewater Characteristic 3.2 Coagulant Moringa Seeds Powder Characteristic 3.3 The Effect of Variations in the Coagulant Dose of Moringa Seed Powder to Decrease TSS Level 3.4 The Effect of Variations in the Coagulant Dose of Moringa Seed Powder to Decrease BOD Level 3.5 Statistical Analysis of the Relation Between aDecrease in TSS and BOD 4 Conclusion References Characterization of Fly Ash: Effect on Compressive Strength and Thickening Time of Alkaline-Activated Fly Ash Cement at Downhole Condition 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Compositional Testing 2.3 Compressive Strength 2.4 Thickening Time 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Compositional Analysis 3.2 Relationship Between Silica to Alumina Ratio and Compressive Strength 3.3 Relationship of Iron Oxide and Calcium Oxide with Compressive Strength 3.4 Relationship of Silica:Alumina with Thickening Time 3.5 Relationship of Iron Oxide and Calcium Oxide with Thickening Time 4 Conclusion References Lithium and Boron Recovery From Oil Field Produced Water: A Mini Review 1 Introduction 1.1 The Implication of Brine Mineral Recovery 1.2 Prospects for Lithium 1.3 The Significance of Boron Recovery 1.4 Lithium and Boron in Produced Water 2 Lithium and Boron Recovery from the Produced Water 2.1 Advance Treatment Technologies of Produced Water (PW) 3 Conclusion and Future Outlook References Pyrolysis Behavior of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste Under the Presence of Activated Montmorillonite Catalyst: TGA and EGA-MS Studies 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Materials 2.2 Catalyst Activation 2.3 TGA Pyrolysis 2.4 EGA-MS Analysis 2.5 Carbonaceous Residue Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Catalyst Characterization 3.2 TGA Pyrolysis 3.3 Isothermal TG Pyrolysis 3.4 EGA-MS Analysis 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of Land Subsidence Prevention to Minimize the Flood Risk in a Port City 1 Introduction 2 Area of Study 3 Methodology 3.1 Flood Inundation Model 3.2 Flood Damage Costs 3.3 Artificial Recharge Scenarios 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Summaries References Removal of Naphthalene from Produced Water Using Oil Palm Leaves Waste Activated Carbon 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Characterization of PW 2.3 Oil Palm Leaves AC 2.4 Adsorption Batch Experiments 2.5 Design of Experiments Using RSM and Application of OPLAC in PW 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Batch Experiments Results 3.2 Modelling of RSM 3.3 3D Plots Describing Impact of Operating Variables on NAP Adsorptions 3.4 Optimization and Application of OPLAC in PW 4 Conclusion References Characterization and Potential Analysis of Paper Waste as Raw Material for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Pellet Substitution 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Proximate and Calorific Value Test 2.2 Statistical Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Proximate Analysis and Calorific Value Results 3.2 Correlation Between the Proximate Values with Calorific Value 3.3 Decision Analysis of Best Type of Paper Waste 4 Conclusion References The Perception of Vertical Holiness in Development of Multilevel Infrastructure As an Effort for Environmental Conservation and Preventing Transfer of Land Conversion 1 Introduction 2 Multilevel Infrastructure 2.1 Vertical Sanctity in a Space 2.2 Vertical Sanctity According to Balinese Cultural Values 2.3 The Dynamics of Multilevel Infrastructure 2.4 Environmental Sustainability and Land Conversion 3 Research Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions and Suggestions References The Effects of Changes in Socializing Trips, Discretionary Trips & Activities, During COVID-19 Pandemic on Affective Well-Being 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Time Geography 2.2 Types of Constraints 2.3 Space–Time Path 2.4 Space–Time Prism 2.5 Affective Well-Being 2.6 Measuring Well-Being (Core Affects) 2.7 Time Geography of Well-Being 2.8 COVID-19 as a Contextual Moderator 3 The Malaysia 2021 Dataset 3.1 Summary of the Dataset 4 Descriptive Analysis 4.1 Overall Affective Well-Being During COVID-19 Pandemic 4.2 Bivariate Analysis of Individuals’ Travel Behaviour and the Effect to the Affective Well-Being 5 Model Estimation Result 6 Conclusion References Design of E-Waste Management System for Flood- Prone Area (Case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 E-Waste Generation 3.2 Existing Condition 3.3 Alternative Design of E-Waste Management System 3.4 Design of Temporary Storage Building of E-Waste in Pesanggrahan Sub-Dustrict 4 Conclusion References Review of Rubber-Based Waste in Compressed Bricks 1 Introduction 2 Sources of Rubber Waste 3 Mix Design of Rubber Waste in Brick Production 4 Conclusion References Zero Runoff Drainage System for Bintaro Jaya Xchange Mall Project in South Tangerang, Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Location Study 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Distribution Frequency Analysis Test 3.2 Peak Flood Discharge References Development of Rainfall-Runoff Model Using Mock Formula with the Calibration of Stream Discharge in Cisadane Watershed - Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Study Location 3 Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Average Rainfall Runoff Model (2011–2017) 4.2 Rainfall Runoff Model for Each Year (2013, 2014, 2015) 4.3 Calibration Parameter 5 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of Green Company in State Electricity Company Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Result and Conversation 4 Conclusion References Case-Based Reasoning Method Implementation for Well Water Feasibility Recommendation System with Nearest Neighbor Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Framework of Thinking 2.2 Case Base Reasoning Flowchart 2.3 Nearest Neighbor Algorithms for Well Water Feasibility Test 2.4 Weight Value Proximity Factor 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Most Prioritised Points in GREENSHIP New Building Certification 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Research Methodology 4 GREENSHIP New Building (NB) 5 Points Achievement of GREENSHIP New Building Project 5.1 Appropriate Site Development (ASD) 5.2 Energy Efficiency and Conservation 5.3 Water Conservation 5.4 Material Resource and Cycle 5.5 Indoor Health and Comfort 5.6 Building Environment Management 6 Findings and Conclusions References The Impacts of Revitalization on the Saribu Rumah Gadang Cultural Area Sustainability 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 2.1 Variable and Data Collecting 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Position of the Saribu Rumah Gadang Area in Indonesia 3.2 Development of Public Facilities in the Saribu Rumah Gadang Area 3.3 The Condition of the Gadang House Before and After Restoration 3.4 Positive Impact of Revitalization in the Saribu Rumah Gadang Area 3.5 Negative Impact of Revitalization Program 4 Conclusion References Effect of Polypropylene Fibre on High Volume Fly Ash Self-compacting Concrete in Terms of Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, and Concrete Abrasion 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Slump Flow and T50 Test 3.2 Compressive Strength 3.3 Tensile Strength 3.4 Abrasion Test 4 Conclusion References The Effectiveness of COD Removal from Industrial Effluent Using Treatment Train System 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of Study 2 Methodology 2.1 Preparation of Steel Industrial Effluent 2.2 Treatment Train System Setup 2.3 Water Sampling and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Analysis 4 Conclusion and Recommendation References Life Cycle Assessment of Utilization of Shredded Tire for Sustainable Road Embankment 1 Introduction 2 Performance of Soil Mixtures with Tire Chips 3 Characterization of the Fill Embankment 4 Life Cycle Assessment 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Effect of Fire on High-Strength Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Casting and Curing 2.3 Experimental Work 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mass Loss and Residual Compressive Strength 3.2 TGA Analysis for High Strength Concrete 4 Conclusion References Study on Correlation Among Roof Area, Reservoir Volume and Domestic Water Availability from Rainwater Harvesting in East Part of Surabaya 1 Introduction 2 The Material and Method 2.1 Rainwater Harvesting Concept 2.2 Rainwater Harvesting Components 2.3 Clean Water Needs 2.4 Calculation of Rainwater Harvesting 2.5 Reservoir Capacity Calculation 2.6 Site Description 2.7 Research Scenarios 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Criteria of Low Embodied Energy Material Selection for Sustainable Building Design 1 Introduction 2 Conceptual Background 3 Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Improving the Quality of Agricultural Wastes for Solid Fuels Employing Torrefaction: A Case Study in Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Torrefaction Process 2.3 Properties Experiment 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Properties of Biomass Before Torrefaction 3.2 Color Change of the Torrefied Biomass 3.3 Mass and Energy Yield 3.4 Proximate and Heating Value Analyses 3.5 Hydrophobicity 3.6 Thermogravimetry Analysis 4 Conclusion References Forecasting Longshore Sediment Transport on a Wave-Dominated Coast Using Various Wave Data Sources 1 Introduction 2 Data Collection and Technique 3 The Result and the Discussion of the Research 4 Conclusion References Literature Review on Covid-19 Pandemic Emergency Response 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Result 3.1 Search Process Result 3.2 Selection Results by Applying Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 3.3 Quality Assessment Result 4 Data Analysis 5 Conclusion References Investigation on the Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Rejuvenated with Rubber Seed Oil 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Rejuvenation of RAP Binders Using RSO 2.3 Conventional Tests on RAP Rejuvenated with RSO 2.4 Storage Stability Test 2.5 Chemical Characterization of RAP Rejuvenated with RSO 2.6 Morphological Test on RAP Rejuvenated with RSO 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Conventional Tests on RAP Rejuvenated by RSO 3.2 Determination of Optimum RSO Content 3.3 Storage Stability Test 3.4 FTIR of RAP Rejuvenated with RSO 3.5 GC–MS of RAP Rejuvenated with RSO 3.6 AFM on Aged Binder and Rejuvenated Binder 4 Conclusions References Environmental Impact Analysis on Dyes in Handwritten Batik 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Effects of Change of Discretionary Trips & Activities, During COVID-19 Pandemic Towards Social & Mental Health 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Time–Space-Prism 2.2 Linkage Between Travel Behaviour and Social and Mental Health 2.3 Existing Studies Related to Travel Behaviour During COVID-19 Pandemic 3 Methodology 3.1 ‘Survey on Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Travel Behaviour in Malaysia’ Dataset 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Overall Social and Mental Health During PKP/PKPB and PKPP 4.2 Descriptive Analysis of Social and Mental Health Based on Trip Comparison Before and After PKP/PKPB 5 Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Studies 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Recommendations References Performance Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) on VLAN Network for Development Smart Hospitals 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Identify Problems Found 2.3 Design New Topology 2.4 Configuration 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Optimum Content of Matos as an Additive in the Application of Cement Soil Stabilization as a Cement Composite Soil Base Layer 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Physical Properties of Quarry Soil 3.2 Compaction Test Results 3.3 Free Compression Test Results 4 Conclusion References IoT İmplementation to Minimize the Vehicle Queue at the Traffic Lights Intersection 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Watarfall Method 2.2 System Architecture 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Prototype Hardware 3.2 System Software 3.3 Testing of System 4 Conclusion References Organic Matter Removal from Sanitary Landfill Leachate Through Chemical Oxidation 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Leachate Collection 2.2 Chemical Reagents 2.3 Experimental Procedure 2.4 Chemical Analysis 2.5 Experimental Design and Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Leachate Characteristics 3.2 COD Removal – Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 3.3 Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3-N) Removal 4 Conclusions References Infrastructure Efficiency Construction Players’ Awareness on the Use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysian Construction Industry 1 Introduction 1.1 Building Information Modelling 1.2 Industrialized Building System (IBS) 1.3 Level of Adoption of BIM and IBS in Malaysian Construction Industry 2 Methodology 3 Result 3.1 Awareness of the Adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Malaysian Construction Industry 3.2 Respondents’ Opinions on the Benefits of Industrialized Building System (IBS) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) 3.3 Building Information System (BIM) and Industrialized Building System (IBS) Challenges Faced by Malaysian Construction Industry 3.4 Respondents’ Perceptions on the Use of IBS and BIM in the Construction Industry 4 Discussion 4.1 Benefits of BIM in the Malaysian Construction Industry 4.2 The Challenges of BIM in the Malaysian Construction Industry 4.3 Benefits of IBS in Malaysian Construction Industry 4.4 The Challenges of IBS in the Malaysian Construction Industry 5 Conclusion References Experimental, Numerical and Field Investigations on the Hydraulics Performance of Stormwater Curb-Opening Inlets 1 Introduction 2 Stormwater Inlets 2.1 Curb-Opening Inlet 2.2 Governing Equations of Curb-Opening Inlets 3 Methodology 3.1 Experimental Modelling 3.2 Numerical Modelling 3.3 Field Investigation 4 Results and Dıscussıon 4.1 Experimental Modelling 4.2 Field Investigation 4.3 Numerical Modelling 4.4 Comparison Between Results 5 Conclusions References Nonlinear Modeling and Analysis of Cold-Formed Steel Beam-Column Connection 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimentally Validate FE Model 2.2 Design Parameters 3 Analysis and Discussion 3.1 Moment-Rotation Curve 3.2 Ductility 3.3 Energy Dissipation 4 Conclusion References Instrumented Pile Load Test Using Distributed Fibre Optic Sensor: Automation in Data Processing 1 Introduction 1.1 Challenges in DOFSS Data Processing 2 Development of the Automated Program 2.1 Back Analysis of FO Field Data 2.2 The Nonlinear Load Transfer Model 2.3 Optimization Body 2.4 Pile-Soil Model 2.5 The Element Length of FEM 2.6 Model Computation Verification 3 Application 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Diagonal Shear Test on Indonesian Masonry Walls 1 Introduction 2 Specimen Preparation and Testing Method 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Analysis of the Effect of Asbuton on Porous Asphalt Mixtures for Heavy Load Traffic 1 Introduction 2 Objective 3 Literature Review 3.1 Asphalt 3.2 Additives 4 Laboratory Research Activities 4.1 Gradation Design 4.2 Calculation of Asphalt Content 4.3 Added Materials (Additivies) 4.4 Laboratory Test Results 4.5 Trial Steps 4.6 Analysis of the Effect of Asbuton on Porous Asphalt Mixes 5 Conclusion References Assessment of an Eight-Story Hospital Building with Nonlinear Static Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Building Performance 2.2 Evaluation Procedure 2.3 Nonlinear Static Procedure 2.4 Building Data 3 Study Results and Discussion 3.1 Structure Capacity 3.2 Displacement Target 3.3 Building Performance Evaluation 4 Conclusion References Consolidation Analysis Using Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) and Preloading in the Phase I Belawan Reclamation Project with PLAXIS 2D and 3D 1 Introduction 2 Results 2.1 Consolidation Calculations Using PLAXIS 2D 2.2 Calculations with PLAXIS 3D 3 Conclusion References Numerical Modeling of One-Way Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels with Openings Strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) 1 Introduction 2 Experimental and Results 2.1 Load–Deflection Curves 2.2 Strain Distribution and Crack Pattern 2.3 Stress Distribution 3 Conclusions References The Effect of Transfer Function on Fatigue Life Determination in Spectral Fatigue Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Transfer Function 3 Fatigue Life 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Impact of Way Sekampung Dam Development on the Economy of the Community in Bumi Ratu, Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Infrastructure Impact on Economic Development 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Sampling Method 4 Analysis Method 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Gas Pipeline Stress Analysis Affected by Landslide Induced Soil Deformation 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Preliminary Landslide Simulation 2.2 3-D Landslide-Pipe Model 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 3-D Landslide-Pipe Simulation 3.2 Pipe Stress Analysis 3.3 Slope Reinforcement Analysis 4 Conclusion References Testing Using Bi-directional Method for Bored Pile on Clay Soil in Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 2.1 Bored Pile Foundation 2.2 Soil Investigation 3 Bi-directional Static Axial Compressive Load Test 3.1 General 3.2 Equivalent Top Loaded Pile 3.3 Cell Placements at Piles 3.4 Instrumentation with Vibrating Wire Strain Gauges (VWSG) 4 Results 5 Summary References Traditional Practices and Potential of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the Construction Projects 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Trend of Annual Publications 3.2 Published Journals Analysis 3.3 Countries Network Analysis 3.4 Analysis of Keyword Co-occurrence 4 Conclusions References Image Processing Applications in Construction Projects: Challenges and Opportunities 1 Introduction 2 Applications of IP in Construction 2.1 The Mechanism of Image Processing in Construction Applications 2.2 Image Acquisition 2.3 General Processing 2.4 Feature Extraction 2.5 Object Detection 2.6 Image Segmentation 2.7 Progress Monitoring 2.8 Resources Tracking 2.9 Material Classification 3 Challenges and Opportunities for Adopting Image Processing in Construction 3.1 Challenges 3.2 Opportunities 4 Conclusions References Comparative Analysis of Vehicle Operating Cost Methods 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Road User Cost (RUC) 2.2 An Overview of Vehicle Operational Cost (VOC) Models 2.3 The Components of VOC 3 Methodology 3.1 Representative Vehicles 3.2 Estimating the Vehicle Operational Cost 4 Result 5 Conclusion References Underwater Sill Layout for Efficient Sediment Deflection 1 Introduction 2 The Research Method 3 The Result and the Discussion of the Research 3.1 Theoretical Velocity distribution and Effect of Underwater Sıll Height 3.2 Flow Deflection as an Effect of the UWS Structure Layout 4 Conclusion References Efficiency of Infrastructure Planning of Retaining Wall as Flood Control in Bangin River Pecatu Badung Bali 1 Introduction 2 Flood Retaining Wall Infrastructure 2.1 Technical Factors and Costs at River Boundaries 2.2 River Technique 2.3 Hydraulic Analysis 2.4 Geotechnical 2.5 Guard Height (Freeboard) 3 Research Methods 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Field Identification Results 4.2 Recapitulation of Design Rainfall Calculation Results 4.3 Flood Discharge Recapitulation Design of the HSS Nakayasu Method 4.4 Nakayasu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Recap 4.5 Channel Capacity Evaluation 4.6 Cross Section 4.7 Flood Retaining Wall Detail Design 4.8 Calculation Result of Design Flood Discharge 4.9 HEC-RAS Modeling Result 5 Conclusions and Suggestions References Impact of Changes in SNI 1726 and SNI 2847 on Reinforcing Steel Weight of High-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Jakarta 1 Introduction 2 Case Study Building 3 Gravity Loading 4 Seismic Loading 5 Design Reinforcement Results 6 Comparison of Reinforcing Steel Weight 7 Conclusion References Effective Mixing Lag Time of Two Phase Lime-Cement Stabilization on High Plasticity Clay 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Untreated Soil 3.2 Effect of Lime and Cement on Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Dencity 3.3 Effect of Mixing Time Lag on Granular Content > 0.075 mm and Plasticity Index 3.4 Effect of Mixing Time Lag on UCS Value 4 Conclussion References The Thermal Comfort of Sangkring Art Space Yogyakarta 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Natural Airflow 2.2 Thermal Comfort 2.3 Air Temperature 3 Research Method 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Building Existing Condition 4.2 Measurement Results 4.3 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Challenges and Recommendations for Offshore Monopod Platform Installation 1 Introduction 2 Challenges of Monopod Installation 3 Challenges of Monopod Installation 4 Conclusion References Infill-Walls Interaction on Steel Moment Resisting Frame Due to Lateral Forces 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Modeling Infill-Walls as Shell Elements 2.2 Modeling Infill-Walls as Diagonal Strut 2.3 Structure Models 3 Results 3.1 Structure Elements Dimension 3.2 Story Displacement 4 Conclusion References Making the Strategic Disaster Mitigation in Building Foundations: A Case Study Pandak II Public Health Center 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Analysis of Runoff Discharge on Kaliurang Road Drainage Channels KM 6.5 – 7 Using SWMM 5.2 Model 1 Introduction 2 The Research Method 3 The Result and the Discussion of the Research 3.1 SWMM Node Inflow Analysis Results 3.2 SWMM Link Capacity Analysis Results 4 Conclusion References The Comparison of the Effect of Activity Space on Health Performance (Physical and Mental Health) Between Malaysia City and Indonesia City 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Space Time Prism 2.2 Activity Space Measurements 2.3 Health Parameters and Variables 3 Data Extracted from Dataset of Seri Iskandar and Yogyakarta 4 Descriptive Analysis Result from Descriptive and ANOVA Analysis 4.1 Analysis of Activity Space Measurements (Ic and Ih) 4.2 Analysis of Out-Home Activities 4.3 Analysis of Health Parameters (Physical Health and Mental Health) 5 Conclusion References