Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships

The papers in this book are organized as follows: insect-plant communities, host-plant selection, genetics and evolution, host-plant resistance and application of transgenic plants, and multitrophic interactions. Besides seven invited papers and a paper with concluding remarks, this volume also contains the short communications of all 115 oral presentations and posters. Included too, are the summaries of four European Science Foundation workshops held over the past two years, where European scientists discussed the state-of-the-art and the future of major topics in insect-plant interactions in order to develop better integrated research programs. The field of insect-plant interactions nowadays includes almost all of biology, as well as parts of chemistry and physics. It takes a central position in biology because insects are the most abundant animal group, half of them are herbivores and they dominate all terrestrial ecosystems. Knowledge of insect-plant interactions is thus fundamental to an understanding of the evolution of life on Earth. Two major topics of worldwide concern give this field an extra dimension. First, large amounts of food crops are still lost due to insect pests. With the increasing concern for environmental pollution and the subsequent plans to drastically reduce pesticides, integrated pest management and development of resistant crops become a major focus in agriculture. The importance of the study of insect-plant relationships is thus continuously augmented. Clearly, successful pest control demands sufficient fundamental knowledge of pest-host interactions. Second, such work can contribute towards stopping or even counterbalancing the threatening biodiversity crisis thanks to an understanding of how the interaction of insects and plants has influenced and still influences the diversification and speciation (evolution) of both groups. These problems should, of course, be approached at a multitrophic level. Front Matter....Pages I-XII Introduction....Pages 1-1 Front Matter....Pages 3-3 The importance of herbivore population density in multitrophic interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems....Pages 5-13 The evolution of plant resistance and correlated characters....Pages 15-25 Habitat impact on insect communities of annual and perennial grasses....Pages 27-29 Predispersal seed predation in the limitation of native thistle....Pages 30-32 Preference, tree resistance, or chance: how to interpret differences in gall density among trees?....Pages 33-35 Aggregation of aphid galls at ‘preferred’ sites within trees: do colonizers have a choice?....Pages 36-38 Abundance and mortality of a specialist leaf miner in response to shading and fertilization of American holly....Pages 39-40 Within-population variation in demography of a herbivorous lady beetle....Pages 41-42 Continental-scale host plant use by a specialist insect herbivore: milkweeds, cardenolides and the monarch butterfly....Pages 43-45 Resource partitioning of host plants by insects on a geographic scale....Pages 46-48 Why do droughts often result in devastating insect epidemics? The African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta , as an example....Pages 49-51 The impact of water and nutrient stress on oak leaf quality and gypsy moth performance....Pages 52-54 Forest insect trends along an acidic deposition gradient in the central United States....Pages 55-56 Birch foliage quality and population density of Eriocrania miners in a pollution-affected area....Pages 57-58 Performance of Neodiprion sertifer on defoliated scots pine foliage....Pages 59-60 Comparative studies of developmental biology, preference and feeding behavior of Monellia caryella on Juglandaceae native to North America....Pages 61-64 Host-plant selection by the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana ....Pages 65-66 Interactions between host-plant information and climatic factors on diapause termination of two species of Bruchidae....Pages 67-68 Assessing host-plant suitability in caterpillars: is the weight worth the wait?....Pages 69-70 Front Matter....Pages 3-3 Size, feeding ecology and feeding behaviour of newly hatched caterpillars....Pages 71-73 Natural defence of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ) against the defoliating insect Euproctis chrysorrhoea ....Pages 74-76 Estimating costs and benefits of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Senecio jacobaea under natural conditions....Pages 77-78 Induced chemical defence in Cynoglossum officinale ....Pages 79-82 Conversion of plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids into insect alkaloids....Pages 83-85 Phytoecdysteroids and insect-plant relationships in the Chenopodiaceae....Pages 86-88 The non-nutrional relationship of Zonocerus (Orthoptera) to Chromolaena (Asteraceae)....Pages 89-90 Front Matter....Pages 91-91 Search behaviour: strategies and outcomes....Pages 93-102 Response of the oilseed rape pests, Ceutorhynchus assimilis and Psylliodes chrysocephala , to a mixture of isothiocyanates....Pages 103-104 Volatile plant metabolites involved in host-plant recognition by the cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis ....Pages 105-106 The olfactory and behavioural response of seed weevils, Ceutorhynchus assimilis , to oilseed rape volatiles....Pages 107-108 Dispersive flight of the cabbage stem weevil....Pages 109-111 Responses of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae , to a non-host plant volatile in laboratory and field....Pages 112-114 Aggregation in a flower bud-feeding weevil....Pages 115-116 Electroantennogram responses of aphids to plant volatiles and alarm pheromone....Pages 117-118 The role of host-plant odour and sex pheromones in mate recognition in the aphid Cryptomyzus ....Pages 119-121 Comparison of electroantennogram responses by females of the black swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polyxenes , to volatiles from two host-plant species....Pages 122-124 Olfactory and visual cues in host-finding in the Burnet moth, Zygaena trifolii ....Pages 125-126 Specialization of receptor neurons to host odours in the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis ....Pages 127-128 Plant chemicals involved in honeybee-rapeseed relationships: behavioural, electrophysiological and chemical studies....Pages 129-130 Front Matter....Pages 91-91 Volatiles from soybean foliage detected by means of a TCT-HRGC system: their possible role in insect-plant relationships....Pages 131-132 Host-finding by Phoracantha semipunctata : host volatiles, electroantennogram recordings and baited field traps....Pages 133-135 Chemical recognition of diverse hosts by Pieris rapae butterflies....Pages 136-138 Role of nutrients found in the phylloplane, in the insect host-plant selection for oviposition....Pages 139-140 Oviposition stimulant for the cabbage root fly: important new cabbage leaf surface compound and specific tarsal receptors....Pages 141-142 Tarsal contact chemoreceptors of the cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi : specificity, correlation with oviposition behaviour, and response to the synthetic pheromone....Pages 143-145 Dietary mixing in generalist grasshoppers....Pages 146-148 Semiochemicals isolated from the eggs of Ostrinia nubilalis as oviposition deterrent in three other moth species of different families....Pages 149-150 Roles of chemosensory organs in food discrimination by larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta ....Pages 151-152 Sensory responses to the triterpenoid antifeedant toosendanin....Pages 153-154 Insect antifeeding activity of some cardenolides, coumarins and 3-nitropropionates of glucose from Coronilla varia ....Pages 155-156 Seasonal variation in the importance of pollen volatiles on the reproductive biology of the sunflower moth....Pages 157-158 Seasonal variation in plant chemistry and its effect on the feeding behaviour of phytophagous insects....Pages 159-161 Associative learning in host-finding by female Pieris brassicae butterflies: relearning preferences....Pages 162-164 Circadian stability of olfaction in Lobesia botrana ....Pages 165-166 Whitefly preference-performance relationships....Pages 167-168 The role of salts in the feeding behaviour of locusts....Pages 169-170 Computer-aided analysis of chemosensory data....Pages 171-172 Analysis of sensory information using neural networks....Pages 173-175 Azadirachtin treatment and host-plant selection....Pages 176-178 Front Matter....Pages 91-91 The effects of azadirachtin on feeding by Myzus persicae ....Pages 179-180 Effects of the plant-derived antifeedant polygodial on aphid host selection behaviour....Pages 181-182 The geometry of feeding: a new way of looking at insect nutrition....Pages 183-185 A common chemical mechanism for insect-plant communication....Pages 186-187 Front Matter....Pages 189-189 Genetics and the phylogeny of insect-plant interactions....Pages 191-200 Host-race formation in a leaf-mining moth....Pages 201-202 Host-race formation in the two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae )....Pages 203-204 Variation in the suitability of Barbarea vulgaris (Cruciferae) for the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum ....Pages 205-206 Plant secondary chemistry and the evolution of feeding specialization in insect herbivores: a different perspective....Pages 207-208 Population genetical evidence for host-race formation in Yponomeuta padellus ....Pages 209-211 Latitudinal trends in oviposition preferences: ecological and genetic influences....Pages 212-214 Role of any single herbivore species in the evolution of willows....Pages 215-217 Front Matter....Pages 219-219 Potential of plant-derived genes in the genetic manipulation of crops for insect resistance....Pages 221-234 The development of host-plant resistance to insect pests: outlook for the tropics....Pages 235-249 Endogenous proteinase inhibitors induced in tobacco in response to herbivory: effects on the interpretation of insect resistance of transgenic tobacco plants....Pages 251-252 Effect of induced resistance mechanisms in potato and tomato plants on the Colorado potato beetle....Pages 253-254 Influence of phenolic compounds on the relationship between the cassava mealybug and its host plants....Pages 255-257 Measurements of host-plant resistance in Chrysanthemum to Frankliniella occidentalis ....Pages 258-260 An automatic and accurate evaluation of thrips-damage. Image-Analysis: a new tool in breeding for resistance....Pages 261-262 Susceptibility of Chrysanthemum cultivars to thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ) infestation and the role of some physical plant characters....Pages 263-264 Front Matter....Pages 219-219 Effects of resistance in cucumber upon life-history components of Frankliniella occidentalis ....Pages 265-266 The impact of environmental conditions on survival of the leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii on Chrysanthemum cultivars....Pages 267-270 Selection for resistance to insects causing ramification in Salix viminalis plantations....Pages 271-272 Development of tolerance to plant allelochemicals by the Colorado potato beetle....Pages 273-274 The use of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for identifying biotypes of the virus vector aphid Amphorophora idaei ....Pages 275-276 Biochemical adaptations of cereal aphids to host plants....Pages 277-279 Criteria for host-plant acceptance by aphids....Pages 280-282 Ultrastructure and electrical recording of sieve element punctures by aphid stylets....Pages 283-285 The behaviour of Nasonovia ribisnigri on resistant and susceptible lettuce lines....Pages 286-288 Aphid pectinases, cell wall fragments, and biotype evolution....Pages 289-290 Resistance of lettuce to the leaf aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae ....Pages 291-292 Expression of resistance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to Macrosiphum euphorbiae based on a monogenic factor....Pages 293-294 Feeding behaviour of the aphid Sitobion avenae on resistant and susceptible wheat....Pages 295-296 Russian wheat aphid and drought stresses in wheat: tritrophic interactions with Diaeretiella rapae and plant resistance....Pages 297-298 Performance of pea aphid clones in relation to amino acid composition of phloem sap and artificial diets....Pages 299-300 Effect of certain proteins on Acyrthosiphon pisum growth and development. Potential influence on aphid-plant interactions....Pages 301-303 The influence of some non-protein amino acids on winter wheat resistance to the grain aphid....Pages 304-306 Presence of hydroxamic acids in the honeydew of aphids feeding on wheat seedlings, and its significance for plant resistance and virus transmission....Pages 307-308 Changes in phenolic compounds in cucumber leaves infested by the two-spotted spider mite ( Tetranychus urticae )....Pages 309-310 Effects of spider mite infestation on biochemical characteristics of different gerbera cultivars....Pages 311-312 Front Matter....Pages 219-219 Pleiotropic effects of genes in glossy Brassica oleracea resistant to Brevicoryne brassicae ....Pages 313-315 The role of brassica leaf surface chemicals in antixenotic resistance to Delia floralis ....Pages 316-318 Resistance to insects in glossy genetic lines of cole crops ( Brassica oleracea )....Pages 319-320 Breeding potato for resistance to insect pests....Pages 321-322 Modelling the impact of cotton fruiting phenology on pink bollworm population dynamics in Egypt....Pages 323-324 The susceptibility of maize to Prostephanus truncatus infestation: development of a bioassay....Pages 325-325 Front Matter....Pages 327-327 Microbial brokers of insect-plant interactions....Pages 329-336 Microorganisms and kairomone production from Allium chemicals in a host-parasitoid relationship....Pages 337-338 Plant resistance versus parasitoid attack in the evolution of the gall-forming fly Lipara lucens ....Pages 339-340 Genetic relationships between Oreina species with different defensive strategies....Pages 341-342 Effect of host plants on growth and defence in two Phratora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) species....Pages 343-344 Effects of early season foliar damage on Phratora polaris (Chrysomelidae) and its defensive ability....Pages 345-346 Simulated acid rain and the susceptibility of the European pine sawfly ( Neodiprion sertifer ) larvae to nuclear polyhedrosis virus....Pages 347-348 Identification of cereal aphid parasitoids by epicuticular lipid analysis....Pages 349-350 Do plants reduce herbivore attack by providing pollen?....Pages 351-352 How cassava plants enhance the efficacy of their phytoseiid bodyguards....Pages 353-354 Infochemicals that mediate plant-carnivore communication systemically induced by herbivory....Pages 355-356 Mite herbivory causes better protection in downwind uninfested plants....Pages 357-358 Parasitoids foraging for leaf damage: do they see beyond the end of their antennae?....Pages 359-360 Do plants manipulate the third trophic level?....Pages 361-362 Front Matter....Pages 327-327 The role of plant cues in mediating host and food searching behavior of parasitoids: importance to biological control....Pages 363-364 Systemic releases of volatiles by herbivore-damaged plants: what possible functions?....Pages 365-366 Natural enemy impact varies with host plant genotype....Pages 367-369 Front Matter....Pages 371-371 Chemistry of insect-plant interactions....Pages 373-381 Insect behaviour....Pages 383-387 Variability in insect-plant interactions....Pages 389-393 Specialization in herbivorous insects....Pages 395-399 Front Matter....Pages 401-401 Impressions of the symposium, thoughts for the future....Pages 403-407 Back Matter....Pages 409-424