Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction: ICAMC 2021 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 226)

This book gathers the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Architecture, Materials and Construction (ICAMC), held in Lisbon, Portugal on October 27-29, 2021. ICAMC serves as an international forum for the presentation of the latest technological advances and research results in the fields of architecture and urban planning, civil and structural engineering, and materials manufacturing and processing. As such, it explores highly diverse topics, including innovative construction technologies (computer and digital manufacturing) and materials (polymers, composites, etc.); traditional materials (glass, wood, steel, concrete, stone, brick, etc.) and its harmonic combination which can be achieved by evaluating their structural and non-structural properties; the key concepts of efficiency and sustainability related to the architectural design and engineering of new buildings; analysis, rehabilitation and restoration of buildings. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations. Preface Organization Conference Chair Conference Co-chairs Program Chairs Steering Committee Organizing Committee Publicity Committee International Technical Committee Contents Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics Preliminary Design and Motion Response Analysis of VLFS Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Basis Principles 2.1 Potential Flow Theory 2.2 Short-Term Forecast Theory 3 Basic Design 4 Extreme Working Sea Conditions 5 Summary References Study on Optimization Design of Portal Frame Structure Abstract 1 Research Background 2 Design Method of Portal Frame 2.1 Design Process 2.2 Determine the Span and Column Spacing 2.3 Preliminary Estimation of Beam-Column Section 2.4 Support System and Check Calculation 3 Practical Project Application 3.1 Technical Specification for Steel Structure of Portal Frame Light House Calculation 3.2 Calculation of Steel Structure Design Specification 4 Conclusions References Response Prediction of Random Structure Based on Bayesian Neural Network Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Framework of Proposed Approach 2.1 Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) 2.2 Training of Bayesian Neural Network 3 Numerical Example 3.1 Single Floor Shearing Structure 3.2 Random Ground Motion Generated by Kanai-Tajimi Spectrum Model 3.3 Prediction Result 4 Conclusion References Displacement Response Analysis of Multi-degree-of-Freedom System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Procedure and Results 2.1 Challenge 1 2.2 Challenge 2 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References The Influence of Geometry on the Frictional Sliding of ∧ and ∨ Shaped Interlocking Joints in Masonry Assemblages Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Sliding Capacity of a ∧ and ∨ Shaped Interlocking Joint 3 Two Wedge Shaped Blocks 4 Potential Applications 5 Conclusions References The Influence of Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction on Fundamental Period of Burj Khalifa Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Soil-Pile-Structure Interaction (SPSI) and Fundamental Natural Period (T) 3 Methology 3.1 Rendering Approach 3.2 How to Simulate Burj Khalifa in ANSYS 3.3 How ANSYS Work on the Structure 4 Result and Analysis 4.1 Modal Analysis 4.2 Harmonic Motion Analysis 5 Conclusion and Discussion 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Limitations 6 Reflection and Acknowledgement References Internal Force Solution of Plane Rigid Frame Based on Matrix Displacement Method Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Program Flow 2.1 Information Input 2.2 Formation of the Stiffness Matrix 2.3 The Formation of \Delta 2.4 Solving \Delta 2.5 The Formation of {\bf{F}}^{\bf{e}} \rm{\amp }{\bf{\overline{F}}}^{\bf{e}} 2.6 Convert \Delta to \Delta^{\bf{e}} 3 Visual Design 4 Numerical Example 4.1 Specific Example (Plane Rigid Frame) 4.2 Continuous Beam 5 Conclusion References Brief Analysis of Natural Frequency and Its Corresponding Influences for Old Tacoma Narrows Bridge Using Finite Element Method Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Background of the Tacoma Bridge 2.2 Detail of Modelling 2.3 Modal and Harmonic Analysis of the Model 3 Results 3.1 The Modal Analysis 3.2 The Harmonic Motion Analysis 3.3 Comparison 4 Discussion 4.1 Errors in ANSYS Modelling 4.2 The Insufficient Numbers of Mesh 4.3 Inappropriate Parameters and Inputs for Both Modal and Harmonic Analysis 5 Conclusion References Experimental Study on Prestress Loss of Concrete Beam Under Fatigue Loading Abstract 1 Study of Model Test Schemes 1.1 Sectional Dimension 1.2 Layout of Prestressed Reinforcement 1.3 Layout of Non-prestressed Reinforcement 1.4 Concrete Mix Ratio and Mechanical Property 2 Loading Schemes 3 Analysis of Test Results 3.1 Static Loading Test 3.2 Beam Fatigue Behavior Test 4 Conclusion References Architectural Design and Building Surveying Exploration of a Dynamic Building Skin System Responding to Light Environment Information Abstract 1 Variable Building Skin and Building Environment Response 2 The Development of Research into Dynamic Building Skin 3 Design Exploration 3.1 Modular Processing of the Skin 3.2 Model Design of Skin Module Unit 3.3 Control Program 4 Model Construction and Experiment 5 Concluding Remark and Future Research References Housingprime App, A Participatory Design Platform for Housing Customization and Community Self-organization Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Research Context 2.1 Participatory Design 2.2 Mobile Interfaces 3 Methodology 3.1 Overall Structure 3.2 Frontend Design 3.3 Backend Design 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References The Interdisciplinary Approach to Free-Form Canopies Optimisation in Terms of Geometrical and Structural Logic Design Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Sustainability in Architectural Design 1.2 Interdisciplinary Approach to Carbon Footprint Reducing in AEC Sector 2 Background 2.1 Architectural Design Using Multivariate Optimisation 2.2 Technological Background for Architectural Optimisation 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Mathematical Bases for Structure Modelling 3.2 Case-Study Form-Finding Factors 4 Results and Findings 4.1 Reticulated Saddle Surface Canopy Results 4.2 Findings 5 Conclusion and Discission References Construction Expression of the Pantadome System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Question of Architectural Form 2.1 Verification of Structure Hypothesis 2.2 Analysis of Form and Spatial Factors 2.3 New Construction Method: Pantadome System 3 Question of Architectural Form 3.1 Expression of Construction 3.2 Site-Based Construction 4 Conclusion References Model Influencing the Success of Performance-Based Design in Construction Project Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Conceptual Background 2.1 Performance in Design 2.2 Perspectives of Designer 2.3 Attribute of Designer 2.4 Interoperability 2.5 Team Management 2.6 Team Support 2.7 Innovation 3 Method of Reserach 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Background of Respondents 4.2 Regression Analysis 5 Conclusion and Recommendation Acknowledgments References Research on the Form and Optimization of Rural Residential Huo-Kang in Northeast China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Construction Form of Huo-Kang 2.1 Surface Structure of Huo-Kang 2.2 Internal Structure Form of the Huo-Kang’s Boby 2.3 Construction Style of Stove 2.4 Construction Style of Chimney 3 Factors Affecting the Temperature of the Huo-Kang 3.1 Flow State of Flue Gas in the Huo-Kang’s Body 3.2 Thermophysical Properties of Fluids 3.3 Physical Properties of the Huo-Kang’ Body 4 Huo-Kang Forms and Improvement Measures 4.1 The Structure and Improvement of Traditional Huo-Kang 4.2 Construction Form and Improvement Measures of Fire-wall Kang 4.3 Structure of Elevated Kang 4.4 Comparison of the Performance of the Huo-Kang 5 Conclusion References Local and Derivative —— Research on Architectural Space Design from the Perspective of Nomadic Culture Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 The Status Quo and Reflections of the Resorts in “Ma’an Town” 2.1 Project Status 2.2 Problems with the Project 3 Nomadic Culture Intervenes in Architectural Space Design 3.1 Overview of Nomadic Culture 3.2 Architectural Space Design Elements of Theme Culture Hotel 4 Research on Regeneration Design of Architectural Space in “Ma’an Town” 4.1 Local and Derivative Design Ideas 4.2 The Meaning and Goal of Architectural Space Regeneration 4.3 Design Method of Building Space Regeneration 5 Concluding Remarks References Research on the Optimal Design of Baby Care Room Facilities Based on the Perspective of Public Space Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Facilities of the Baby Care Room Analysis Status in Urban Public Spaces 3 Optimized Design Ideas for Maternal and Infant Space Facilities in Public Spaces 3.1 Optimized Design of Baby Care Room Sign 3.2 Optimized Design of Baby Changing Station 4 Optimization of Outside Doors for Baby Care Room 5 Conclusion References Surveillance of Anomalous Displacements in Large Buildings Through the Internet of Things: What Can Teach us the Surfside-Miami Events? Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Anomalous Events 3 Random Concurrent Events 4 The Risk Variables Measurement 5 The Internet of Tall Things (ITT) Implementation 6 Conclusion References Research on the Design of Spatial Environment Health in Primary and Middle Schools in the Post-epidemic Era Abstract 1 Introduction 2 New thinking on the Space Environment of Primary and Middle Schools Under COVID-19 3 Primary and Middle School Space Environmental Needs, User’s Behavior and Psychology in the Post-epidemic Era 3.1 Upgrade of Management Behavior 3.2 Change of Teaching Behavior 3.3 Attention to Mental Health 4 A Healthy Design Strategy for the Space Environment of Primary and Middle Schools Adapted to the Post-epidemic Era 4.1 Flexible Space Design 4.2 Smart Space Construction 4.3 Space Security and Comfort Creation 5 Concluding Acknowledgments References Building Materials and Structures Comparing the Emerging Walling Materials to the Burnt Clay Brick Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Weighted Score Method [9, 10] 2.2 RII (Relative Importance Index) 2.3 Procedure to Calculate Score (Sij) for Each Walling Material 3 Analysis 3.1 Comparative Analysis Between Physical Parameters of Different Walling Materials 3.2 Comparative Analysis Between Site-Dependent Parameters of Different Walling Materials 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Review of UHPC Reinforcement Technology in Reinforcement Concrete Beams Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Definition and Composition of UHPC 2.1 Definition of UHPC 2.2 Composition of UHPC 3 Mechanical Properties of UHPC 3.1 Compression Properties of UHPC 3.2 Tensile Properties of UHPC 3.3 Flexural Strength of UHPC 4 Application of UHPC in Retrofitting of Normal Concrete Beams 4.1 Bending Strength of UHPC-NC Beam 4.2 UHPC-NC Interface Treatment 4.3 Case Study 5 Conclusions Acknowledgement References Artificial Neural Network Combined with Grey Wolf Optimizer for Period Determination of Light-Frame Wood Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Fundamental Period Equations 3 Introducing Models 3.1 Artificial Neural Network 3.2 Grey Wolf Optimizer 3.3 Multiple Linear Regression 4 Methods and Materials 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Empirical Model Development Using ANN and GWO 4.3 Empirical Model Evaluation 4.4 Best Performed Model 5 Conclusion References Effect of Hollow Body Shape on the Internal Stress Distribution of Bubble Concrete Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Analytical Model and Method 2 Results and Discussion 3 Conclusion References The Whale Optimization Algorithm Based ANN for Predicting the Fundamental Period of Light-Frame Wood Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Whale Optimization Algorithm 3 Research Methodology 4 Model Validation 5 Conclusions References Remediation of Heavy Metals in Coal Mine Brownfield Soil Using Porous Chitosan Beads-Supported MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Synthesis of CPM 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Characterization of CPM 3.2 The Influence of CPM on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil 3.3 Influence of CPM on Total and Fractions of Heavy Metals in Soil 4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation for Temperature Distribution of Tropical Concrete with External Self-Limiting Temperature Abstract 1 Self-limiting Heating Zone 2 Temperature Distribution Test in Self-limiting Heating Zone 2.1 Experiment 2.2 Experimental Study 2.3 Experiment Results 2.4 Strength Development Analysis of Each Specimen 2.5 Analysis of Uniformity of Temperature Field of Each Specimen 3 Finite Element Simulation Using Midas Software 3.1 Calculation Basis and Basic Parameters 3.2 Finite Element Results and Analysis 4 Results References Experimental Study on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Nano-Clay Modified Lime Soil Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Materials and Methods 2.1 Test Materials 2.2 Sample Production and Methods 3 Test Results and Discussion 3.1 Unconfined Compressive Strength 3.2 Elastic Modulus 3.3 Test Process 4 Conclusions References Model of Concrete Chloride-Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Chinese Salt Lake Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Relationship Between Solution Concentration, Water to Cement Ratio(W/C) and Chloride-Ion Diffusion Coefficient 3.2 Establishment of the Model for Chloride-Ion Diffusion Coefficient 3.3 Establishment and Verification of the Multi-factor Model for the Chloride-Ion Diffusion Coefficient 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Urban Planning and Traffic Management Analysis of Streets and Lanes of Traditional Villages in Nanyuan of Zhuozhang River Basin Based on Space Syntax Abstract 1 Space Syntax 2 Street and Lane Pattern Type 2.1 Mesh Type 2.2 Branch Type 2.3 Belt Type 2.4 Cross Type 2.5 Semi-ring Type 2.6 Comb Type 3 Summary Acknowledgment References Urban Rehabilitation Based on Uses and Social Diversity: A Case Study in Porto, Portugal Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Strategy 3 Analysis of Results 4 Conclusions References Spatial Influencing Factors of Traditional Villages in Southern Zhuozhang River Basin Abstract 1 Valley Geomorphic Factors 1.1 Terrain 1.2 Aspect Gradient 1.3 River Water Source 2 Economic Development Factors 2.1 Mineral Resources 2.2 Lu Shang Business 2.3 Ancient Commercial Road 3 Social and Human Factors 3.1 Folklore Remains 3.2 Markets and Temple Fairs 3.3 Buddhist Architectural Influence 4 Factors Affecting Military Activity Sites 5 Comprehensive Analysis Acknowledgment References Ecotown: A Case Study in Tropical Savanna Climate Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Housing 1.2 Type of Housing Materials 1.3 Renewable Energy 1.4 Water 1.5 The Place 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Monthly Demand Per House 3.2 Standard House Orientation, Ventilation, and Cooling Design 3.3 Transformer Selection for Underground Distribution 3.4 Monthly Electricity Demand 3.5 Underground Electricity Distribution 3.6 Single Line Diagram 3.7 Potable, Black, and Grey Water Systems 3.8 Anaerobic Treatment System 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Machine Learning to Assess Urbanistic Development in the South Pole of Lima City Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Mitchell’s Criteria in a Nutshell 3 Modeling Spatial Expansion of Villa El Salvador 3.1 The Machine Learning Prediction 3.2 Derivation of Probability 3.3 The Machine Learning Experience 3.4 The Success Probability of Spatial Expansion 4 Conclusion Apendix: Ensambled Machine Learning Algorithm References Intersection Safety Improvement Using Crash Modification Factors Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Crashes Due to Multiple - Vehicle Collisions 2.2 Crashes Due to Single Vehicle Collisions 3 Zari Land Intersection as a Case Study in Duhok City 4 Results and Discussion 5 The Proposed Safety Countermeasures 6 Conclusion References The Urban Underpass Design Based on AASHTO Specifications Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Case Study and Design Comparison 2.1 Design Loads 2.2 Load Model 2.3 Boundary Stimulation 2.4 Calculation Result 2.5 Flexural Resistance 2.6 Shear Resistance and Check 3 Conclusion References Building Energy Conservation and Construction Management Effect of Roof Types on Energy Use in Residential Buildings in Cold Climates Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Location 2.2 Software and Analysis 2.3 Building Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Energy Consumption 4 Conclusions References Assessment of the Effect of Architecture Morphology on Building Energy Demands Using BIM, Example of Kabul City Residential Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Energy Analysis/BEM Tools 2.2 Model Generation and Energy Simulation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Validation 5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumption in Healthcare Buildings – A Review Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Thermal Comfort 2.1 PMV-PPD Model 2.2 Multi-node Multi-segment Model 2.3 Adaptive Model 3 Thermal Comfort in Healthcare Buildings 4 Energy Saving in Healthcare Buildings 5 Discussion and Future Research Works 6 Conclusions References Passive Energy-Saving Technologies for Low-Rise Residential Buildings Based on Building Prototyping: Cixi City as a Case Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Low-Rise Building Prototyping of Cixi City 3 Sensitivity Analysis of Passive Design Strategies on Energy Consumption 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behaviors in Medical Buildings: A Literature Review Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Thermal Comfort Index Models 3 Human Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behaviors in Medical Buildings 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Thermal Performance Optimization Methods for Heat Exchangers with Accumulation in Phase Change Materials Abstract 1 Introduction and Objective 2 State-of-The Art 3 Experimental Method 4 Optimization Strategies Based on Previous Simulations Effort 5 Experimental Results 6 Conclusions Acknowledgement References Certifying Buildings in China Using Energy, Environmental, Engineering and Economic (4E) Factors: Assessing the Suitability of BREEAM, LEED and Green Star Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Brief Literature Review 2.1 BREEAM In-Use 2.2 Leed (O + m) 2.3 Green Star 3 Method 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Comparative Analysis 4.2 Case Study Analysis 5 Conclusion References The Effect of Green Building to Decrease Operational Expenditure of Property Development in Indonesia Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Green Building 2.2 Green Building to Decrease Operational Expenditure 2.3 Conceptual of Research Model 3 Research Methods 3.1 Sampling and Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis Method 4 Result 4.1 Profile of Respondents 4.2 Descriptive Analysis 4.3 Regression Analysis 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion Acknowledgement References Challenges and Countermeasures of Project Cost Management in COVID-19 Emergency Infectious Disease Hospital Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Characteristics of Emergency Infectious Disease Hospital 2 Challenges of Emergency Infectious Disease Hospital to Project Cost Management 2.1 Tight Construction Period Leads to Insufficient Design Work 2.2 Complex Structure Produces Special Engineering Quantities and Equipment 2.3 The Shortage of Resources Causes the Price of Artificial Materials to Rise 2.4 Complex Construction Process Leads to Increased Cost 2.5 Special Contracting Methods Make Cost Control Difficult 3 Countermeasures of Project Cost Management in Emergency Infectious Disease Hospital 3.1 Adopt BIM Technology to Accelerate the Advancement of Pre-design 3.2 More Reserve Expenses to Deal with the Shortage of Resources 3.3 Combining the Construction Technology to Reasonably Determine the Investment Estimate 3.4 Flexible Use of Contract Pricing to Incentivize Enterprises 4 Conclusions References Architectural History, Architectural Heritage Protection and Architectural Education The Catholic Churches from Modern Times in the North of Shaanxi, China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Christianity in China 3 The Preaching of Catholicism in Shaanxi Province 3.1 The Spread of Catholicism in Northern Shaanxi Province 3.2 The Distribution of Catholic Churches in Northern Shaanxi Province 4 Example Analysis of the Existing Catholic Churches in the Northern Shaanxi 4.1 The Tanjiaping Catholic Church 4.2 The Qiao’ergou Catholic Church 4.3 The Guanguyi Catholic Church 4.4 The Xiaosuangou Catholic Church 5 Conclusion Acknowledgments References Politics of Heritage in the Conservation of Demak Mosque, Indonesia Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 History of Demak Mosque 2 Method 3 Content 3.1 Timeline Sequences of the Demak Mosque Development and Conservation 3.2 Politics of Heritage in Demak Mosque in Post-colonial Era 4 Conclusion References The Early Morphology of Banten Cosmopolitan Port City in the 16th Century Abstract 1 Introduction 2 City on the Archipelago’s Trade Routes 3 Babad Banten: Gawe Kuta Baluwarti Bata Kalawan Kawis 4 Coastal City Morphology: Banten Port City 5 Conclusion References Research on Restoration of Ancient Buildings Based on BIM Technology Abstract 1 Research Background 2 Ancient Building Repair Technology 2.1 Information Gathering 2.2 Data Processing 2.3 3D Modeling of Ancient Buildings by BIM Technology 3 Case Analysis 3.1 Project Overview 3.2 The Application Process of BIM Technology 3.3 Technical Service Innovation 4 Conclusion References Research on the Protection of Macau Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) from the Perspective of Urban Heritage Abstract 1 Origin of Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) 1.1 Records and Textual Research of Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia)’s Historical Data 1.2 Zhuhai Registered Migrant Fishermen and Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) in Macau 1.3 Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) Cultural Heritage in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area 2 Distribution of Macau Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) 2.1 Population of Macau Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) 2.2 Residence Mode of Macau Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) 2.3 Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) and Shops Selling the Fish Catches 3 Traditional Beliefs and Customs of the Water-Faring Community (Dan Jia) in Macau 4 Development Dilemma 5 Summarize References The Theoretical Background of Bastion Castles in Renaissance Architectural Treatises Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Six Different Treatises that Talk About Bastion Castle 2.1 Sebastiano Serlio “Tutte L’opere D’architettura, Libro VI” (C. 1550) 2.2 Jacques Androuet du Cerceau “Les Plus Excellents Bastiments de France” (1st Vol. In 1576) 2.3 Buonaiuto Lorini “Delle Fortificationi Di Bvonaivto Lorini, Nobile Fiorentino, Libri Cinque...” (1596) 2.4 Jacques Perret “Des Fortifications Et Artifices. Architecture Et Perspective” (1601) 3 Conclusions References Strategies for University Teaching of Civil Engineering Applying the PBL for Better Academic Performance Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Discussion 2.1 Applications of PBL Methodology 2.2 Characteristics of the PBL Methodology 3 Putting the PBL into Practice 4 PBL Results for a Civil Engineering Subject 5 Conclusions References Palmela Mansion in Rua dos Anjos in Lisbon Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mansion in Lisbon Region 3 The Importance of the Architectural Magazines of the Early 20th Century 4 The Place 5 Palmela Mansion 6 Palmela Mansion’s Constructive Systems 7 Lisbon Breaks 8 Conclusions References Author Index