Proceedings of the 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym’21): Emerging Trends in Systems Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Volume 2 (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 295)

This book presents the Proceedings of The 7th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'21). The book discusses current technological issues on Systems Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, such as the Transmission Line, Protein-modified mortars, Electromagnetic Properties, Clock Domains, Chebyshev Polynomials, Satellite Control Systems, Hough Transform, Watershed Transform, Blood Smear Images, Toxoplasma Gondi, Operation System Developments, MIMO Systems, Geothermal-Photovoltaic Energy Systems, Mineral Flotation Application, CMOS Techniques, Frameworks Developments, Physiological Parameters Applications, Brain Computer Interface, Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Vision, Security Applications, FPGA Applications, IoT, Residential Automation, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Digital Image Processing, Patters Recognition, Machine Learning, Photocatalytic Process, Physical-chemical analysis, Smoothing Filters, Frequency Synthesizers, Voltage ControlledRing Oscillator, Difference Amplifier, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, current technological issues on Human, Smart and Sustainable Future of Cities, such as the Digital Transformation, Data Science, Hydrothermal Dispatch, Project Knowledge Transfer, Immunization Programs, Efficiency and Predictive Methods, PMBOK Applications, Logistics Process, IoT, Data Acquisition, Industry 4.0, Cyber-Physical Systems, Fingerspelling Recognition, Cognitive Ergonomics, Ecosystem services, Environmental, Ecosystem services valuation, Solid Waste and University Extension. Foreword Preface Acknowledgements Contributors Organizing Committee Executive Committee Scientific and Academic Committee Technical Reviewers Committee Contents Internet of Things Using Smartphone Sensors to Track Dangerous Goods 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Tracking Devices Embedded in Trucks 2.2 VANETs 2.3 Smartphones 2.4 Smartphones Sensors 2.5 Smartphone Orientation 2.6 Mobile Applications 3 Comparative Analysis: Embedded Modem × Smartphone × VANETs 3.1 Comparative Analysis: Embedded Modem × Smartphone 3.2 Comparative Analysis: Cellular Networks × VANETs 4 The Proposed Solution for Hazardous Cargo Transportation Management 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusion References A Smartphone-Based Solution to Manage Hazardous Materials Transportation: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Review of Relevant Literature 2.1 Mobile Location-Based Solutions Related to the Traffic of Vehicles 2.2 Smartphone-Based Solution for Vehicle Accidents 2.3 Dangerous Goods Solutions with Dedicated In-Vehicle Devices 2.4 Dedicated In-Vehicle Devices to Providing Tracking Solutions 3 Application and Discussion 3.1 Smartphone Application to Manage the Hazmat Transportation 3.2 False-Positive Avoidance 4 Conclusions References Industrial Technological Process for Welding AISI 301 Stainless Steel: Focus on Microstructural Control 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References A Critical Overview of Development and Innovations in Biogas Upgrading 1 Introduction 2 Fundamentals of Anaerobic Digestion 3 German Scenario of Biogas Production 4 Brazilian Scenario of Biogas Production 5 Biogas Purification 5.1 Water-Washing Systems 5.2 Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) 5.3 Membrane Separation 5.4 Amine Scrubbing 6 Production Costs 7 Conclusions References Horizontal Curves with Transition. The Use of This Methodology for the Calculation of a Road Project in the City of Campinas/SP - Brazil 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Background Knowledge and Results 4 Conclusion References Artificial Neural Network-Based Committee Machine for Predicting the Slag Quality of a Blast Furnace Fed with Metallurgical Coke 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References Lean 4.0: Digital Technologies as Strategies to Reduce Waste of Lean Manufacturing 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Drying Shrinkage of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Under Restrained Conditions: A Systematic Mapping Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusions References NACA 0012 Aeroacoustic Study Using ANSYSFluent 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Procedure 2.1 Software Simulation 2.2 Geometry 2.3 Meshing 2.4 Flow Validation 2.5 Acoustic Validation 3 Results and Conclusions References Structural Analysis of Bridges and Viaducts Using the IoT Concept. An Approach on Dom Pedro Highway (Campinas - Brazil) 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Building a Bridge 2.2 IoT - Internet of Things 3 Scientific Research 3.1 Investigative Methodology 3.2 Proposed Methodology 4 Field Research 4.1 Manoel Aveiro Viaduct 4.2 Dr. Roberto Rocha Brito Viaduct 5 Final Consideration References Analyzing Optimal Operating Points of Air and Water-Cooled Chillers Used in an Office Building 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Mathematical Model of the Cooling Tower 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusions References Prop Walls: A Contextualization of the Theme in a Case Study in the City of Campinas (Brazil) 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Metrics for Wall Construction 3.1 Masonry Walls 3.2 Cyclopian Masonry Walls 3.3 Gabion Walls 3.4 Crib Walls 3.5 Soil-Cement Sacks Walls 3.6 Walls of Tires 3.7 Bending Walls 4 Field Research 4.1 Bending Prop Wall 4.2 Gabion Prop Wall 4.3 Comparisons 5 Conclusion References The Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies: Its Benefits for Companies in the Brazilian Automotive Sector 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Foundation 2.1 Industry 4.0 Concepts and Technologies 2.2 Benefits Management and Benefits Dependency Network 2.3 Digital Transformation and Benefits of Adopting Industry 4.0 Technologies in the Automotive Sector 3 Research Method 4 Results Analysis 4.1 Profile of Companies and Their Benefits Dependency Networks (BDNs) 4.2 Comparison Between Toyota and Bosch Elements 4.3 Benefits Analysis 5 Conclusion References V4α: A New Method for CNNs Inspired by Trichromacy Perception 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methods 3.1 Color Responsiveness 3.2 V4α Method 4 Experiments and Results 4.1 Experiment 1 - Color Responsiveness (CR) 4.2 Experiment 2 – Merging Color Information 4.3 Experiment 3 – Evaluating V4α 4.4 Computational Expenses 5 Conclusion References Proposal for a Low-Cost Reader for Chipless RFID Tags Using PLUTOSDR 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Tags and Reader Chipless 2.2 SDR 2.3 ADALM-PLUTO 2.4 GNU Radio 3 Methodology 3.1 GNU Radio Implementation 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Telemanagement and Its Benefits to Energy, Environment, and Society: A Case Study in Street Lighting 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Development 2.1 Remote Management 2.2 Smart City 2.3 Internet of Things 2.4 Smart Grid 3 Contributions to SDGs and the Current Scenario of Public Lighting 4 Analysis and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Digital Technologies Adoption to Face COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Approach 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Particle Swarm Optimization in Smart Grid Load Management 1 Introduction 2 System Model and PSO Technique 3 Problem Description 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Integer Linear Programming 4.2 Particle Swarm Optimization 5 Conclusion References Tracking System for Inspection and Analysis Using the ToF Method Supported by Automatic Calibration 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Tracking Development System 4 Conclusion References Comparison Between PO, PSO, and FPA Techniques Applied to MPPT of a Low-Power Photovoltaic System for LPWA Devices 1 Introduction 2 Characterization of the Photovoltaic Module 3 Extraction of the Equivalent Circuit Parameters 4 Analyzed MPPT Techniques 4.1 PO Method 4.2 PSO Method 4.3 FPA Method 5 Analyzed MPPT Techniques 6 Conclusion References The Integration of Alteryx®and Microsoft Power BI®: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 The Alteryx Designer® 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Monitoring and Control of Electrical Machines Using IoT 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Development 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Institutional Development Index (IDI): Calculation for Municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (Brazil) 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Review 2.1 Sustainable Development Versus Sustainability 2.2 Indicators Versus Indices 2.3 IDI and Institutional Sustainability 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Data Security, Privacy, and Regulatory Issues: A Conceptual Approach to Digital Transformation to Smart Cities 1 Introduction 2 Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs 3 Smart Cities 4 Internet Governance 5 Main Bodies Responsible for Regulatory Aspects 6 Brazilian Regulations 7 Final Considerations References Outcomes of a Parameter Sensitivity Analysis of a CT Measurement Process Through a Digital Model 1 Introduction 2 Virtual Measurement Scene 2.1 Brief Description of the Digital Model 2.2 Virtual Experimental Setup 3 Virtual Analysis Findings 3.1 Number of Angular Poses 3.2 Detector Noise and Image Averaging 4 Concluding Remarks References Applying Data Mining Clustering on Web Server Logs to Identify and Analyze Robots' Behavior 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Sessions Creation 3.2 Feature Extraction and Session Labeling 3.3 Feature Selection 3.4 K-Means Clustering 3.5 DBSCAN Clustering 3.6 Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Adequacy Map for Offshore Wind Farm Implementation in the Campos Basin Region in Brazil 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Optimal Placement of EV Charging Stations Using a Dedicated, Two-Level Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Facility Placement 2.2 Placement of CSs 2.3 Mathematical Model 2.4 Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) 2.5 Two-Level TLBO 2.6 Teacher Improvement – A Dedicated Approach 2.7 Other Implementation Details 3 Simulation Results 3.1 Case 1 3.2 Case 2 4 Conclusion References Economic Dispatch Using an Efficient Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Economic Dispatch Model 2.2 Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization 3 Simulation Results 3.1 Case 1 – 3-Unit System 3.2 Case 2 – 6-Unit System 3.3 Case 3 – 15-Unit System 4 Conclusion 5 Future Work References Early Detection Using a Vision System Integrated to a Die-Casting Equipment 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Foundations 2.1 Concept of Losses in the Toyota Production System 2.2 Losses from Manufacturing Defective Products 2.3 Computer Vision 3 Methodology 3.1 Test and Simulation Environment 3.2 System Calibration 3.3 CM and CMK Calculating 3.4 Value Determinating of Each Operation 4 Discussion and Results 4.1 FMEA 4.2 Technical Feasibility Test 4.3 Process Modeling 4.4 Data Collection and Stability Calculations 5 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of the TMR Redundancy Method Against Faults by SEU Effect for Space Missions Using FPGA 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Reference Circuits 3.2 SEU Effect Emulation 3.3 Applied Redundancy Technique: TMR 3.4 Test Scenario 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Test Bench Implementation 4.2 Results Generated in Phase 2 4.3 Results Generated in Phase 3 4.4 Analysis of the Results Generated in Phases 2 and 3 5 Conclusion References Electric Vehicle Recharging and Roaming Protocols: A Brazilian Electromobility Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Literature Review 2.2 Methodology for the Brazilian Reality - Protocols and Variables Study 3 Adaptations for the Brazilian Scenario 3.1 Considered Protocols 3.2 European Interoperability Protocols Analysis and Selection 3.3 Chosen Protocols 4 Conclusion References Numerical Simulation of Churn and Annular Transient Flows 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Method 2.1 Transport Equations 2.2 The Courant Number 2.3 Numerical Procedure 3 Numerical Simulations 3.1 Geometry of the Simulations 3.2 Courant Number Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Churn Flow 4.2 Transition Flow 4.3 Annular Flow 5 Conclusions References The Use of the Elman Preconditioner in the Early Iterations of Interior Point Methods 1 Introduction 2 Linear Programming Problems 3 Primal-Dual Interior-Point Methods 4 Predictor-Corrector Method 5 Problem Description 5.1 Controlled Cholesky Factorization 5.2 Separator Preconditioner 6 Adopted Approach 7 Conclusion References A Recomposition Method for Distribution System with DG 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Network Recomposition 2.2 Restoring Methods 3 Recomposition of the Distribution Systems by Current Flow 3.1 Definition of Decision Variables 3.2 Objective Definition 3.3 Definition of Constraints 3.4 MINMAX Problem Formulation 4 Application of the Proposal to Replacement in Distribution Networks 4.1 Base Case: Loss Minimization 4.2 Scenario 1: Minimum Loss Minimization, Shorter Time and Multiobjective Recomposition - Interruption Branch 12 5 Conclusions and Future Work References Machine Learning Applied to Harmonic Functions in Music Composition 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Learning Through Inductive Logic Programming 4 Materials and Methods 5 Experiment 5.1 Specification of Modes and Types 5.2 Determinations 5.3 Positive and Negative Examples 5.4 Results 6 Conclusions References Dependable I2C Communication with FPGA 1 Introduction 1.1 I2C Communication Review 2 Types of I2C Problems 2.1 Addressing Issues 2.2 Stuck Bus 3 Literature Review and Notable Failures 4 Dependable I2C Communications with FPGA 4.1 Experiment Description 5 Results 6 Conclusion References A Simple Approach for Short-Term Hydrothermal Self Scheduling for Generation Companies in Restructured Power System 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 Objective Function 2.2 System and Unit Constraints 3 Solution Methodology 3.1 TLBO Algorithm 3.2 Improved TLBO Algorithm 4 A Solution of the SHTSS Problem Using ITLBO Algorithm 4.1 Evaluation and Selection of SHTSS Variables 4.2 Implementation of ITLBO Algorithm 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Test System I 5.2 Test System II 6 Conclusion References Admittance Control Study Applied in the Exercise of Proprioception 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Definitions 3 Tests and Results 4 Conclusions References A Survey on Automatic Inspection for Printed Circuit Board Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 2.1 Traditional Techniques 2.2 AI Techniques 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of a X–Z Positioning Control System 1 Introduction 2 The Experimental Set–up 3 Position Control of the DC Servomotors 4 The Control Logic of the Positioning System 4.1 Memory Positions 4.2 The Free Mode 4.3 The Sequence Mode 5 The HMI Design 6 Experimental Results 7 Conclusions and Future Work References Control of MIMO Time-Delay Processes Having Disturbances with Time Delays 1 Introduction 2 MIMO PI LQG Controller Design 3 Control Applications 3.1 Example 1 3.2 Example 2 4 Concluding Remarks References A Strategy of Potential Fields and Neural Networks in the Control of an Autonomous Vehicle Within Dangerous Environments 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 3D Map Construction 2.2 Obstacle Identification 2.3 Determine the Goal of the Vehicle 2.4 Path Generation 2.5 Vehicle Movement 3 Results References A Thermal Analysis of the Internal Flow in 2 Helical Coils for the Delignification Process of Sugar Cane Bagasse Using Superheated Steam 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Parameters for Bagasse Processing 2.2 Mechanical Design of the Reactor 2.3 Mesh Creation 2.4 CFD Simulation 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Analysis of an Automated System in a Robotized Cell for the Transport, Control, Classification, and Organization of Heterogeneous Packages 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Description of the Proposed Robotic Cell Mechatronic System 2.2 Strategic Description of the Process 2.3 Result and Discussion 3 Conclusions References Design of a Pisco Sour Vending Machine Based on an Embedded System (Raspberry Pi) 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Integral Machine Control System 2.2 Cooling System 2.3 Liquid Dispensing System 2.4 Lemon Slicing and Squeezing System 2.5 Liquid Mixing System 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Design of a Hydrodynamic Profile for an Unmanned Underwater Device Using Numerical Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed System 2.1 Ali and Mayzar’s Submarine 2.2 Submarine Guanay 2 2.3 Underwater Device Design 3 Results 3.1 Analysis of Hydrodynamic Profiles in ANSYS 4 Conclusions References An Algorithm to Obtain the Stained Area Ratio Based on Digital Image Processing Techniques for Organic Straw Classification 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Image Acquisition 2.2 Pre-processing 2.3 General Stain Detection 2.4 Detection of Percentage of Stains 2.5 Experimental Conditions 3 Conclusions References A Computational Comparative Analysis Between Nvidia Jetson Nano and Raspberry Pi CM4 for the Classification of White Asparagus with SVM 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Support Vector Machine 2.2 Single Board Computers 2.3 Experimental Study 3 Results 4 Conclusion References A Design of a Spindle and Mathematical Calculations of the Speed Required for HDPE Plastic Extrusion and Recycled PETG Plastic to Obtain 40 kg/h of Filaments 3 mm Thick 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Mechanical Spindle Design 2.2 Extrusion Speed 3 Results 4 Conclusions References Simulation of a System for Reducing Gases Emitted in a Steel Casting Process by Two-Stage Centrifugal Separation 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Cyclone Design 2.2 Mechanical Design of the Filter 2.3 Theoretical Redistribution of Particulate Material 2.4 CFD Simulation 3 Results 4 Conclusions References An Optimal Blade Design for Mini Wind Generators Mountable on the Spoiler of a Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Method 2.1 Study of the Work Area 2.2 Proposal Layout 2.3 CFD Processing 2.4 Experimentation 3 Results and Conclusions 3.1 CFD Results 3.2 Experimental Results References Large-Scale FDM 3D Printing in 6 Degrees of Freedom on One ARM KUKA KR 60 1 Introduction 2 P&ID Diagram and Printer Pictorial Diagram with 6 Degrees of Freedom 2.1 System P&ID Diagram 2.2 Printing Flow Chart 3 System Approach 3.1 Computer Modeling of the Solid 3.2 Generate and Download the G-Code and KRL 3.3 Synchronize Arm and Card Generate and Download the G-CODE and KRL 4 Results and Statistical Data References Changes in Sugars, Dry Matter, and Characteristics Sensory of Chip of Native Potato in the Chopcca Region 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Design 2.2 Potato Chip Preparation 2.3 Quantification of Reducing Sugars 2.4 Quantification of Dry Matter 2.5 Sensory Evaluation 2.6 Statistics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Visual Angular Haze Detection Using Focus Metrics 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Brenner Function 2.2 Gaussian Derivative 2.3 Gray Level Local Variance 2.4 Steerable Filters 2.5 Sum of Wavelet Coefficients Function 2.6 Variance of Wavelet Coefficients Function 2.7 Sum-Modified-Laplacian 2.8 Helmil's Mean Method Function 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Low Angular Haze Glass 4.2 Standard Glass 5 Conclusions References Visual Angular Haze Detection Using SSIM 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Database and Preprocessing 2.2 SSIM Analysis 2.3 Proposed Metric 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Synthesis of Planar Linkages Using Optimization Methods 1 Introduction 2 Synthesis Equations of a Four-Bar Linkage 3 Optimization Methods for Mechanism Synthesis 3.1 Cost-Function Gradient for Mechanism Synthesis 3.2 Unconstrained Gradient-Free Optimization: Nelder-Mead 3.3 Gradient-Based Optimization 3.4 Evolutionary Algorithms: Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Optimizations Comparison Analysis Using a Four-Bar Linkage 4.2 Another Synthesis Test Using a Six-Bar Linkage 5 Conclusions References Modelling of Complex-Structured Events in Protection Against Collisions of Aircraft in Air Navigation 1 Introduction 2 Problem Overview 2.1 Normative Base 2.2 Statistical Research 2.3 The Intensity Problem in Air Traffic Services 2.4 Interaction Problems in Voice Messages 3 Method and Task 3.1 Method 3.2 Task Statement 4 Modeling of ATC Communications 4.1 Properties of Messages in Communication Theory 4.2 Modeling Messages in Qualitative Information Theory 4.3 Psychological Modeling of Communications 4.4 Experimental Model of Distortion of Standard ATC Communications 5 Development of an Air Navigation Flight Safety Complex 5.1 Domain Structuring for a New Template of Air Navigation Standard 5.2 Results 6 Conclusion References The Method of Expert Assessment of Pilot Operational Reliability Depending on Workload in the Development of Flight Safety Management Standard 1 Introduction 2 Modeling 2.1 Regulatory Framework Design 2.2 Operational Reliability Resource Management 3 The Method of Expert Assessment 3.1 Matrix Development 3.2 Performance of Expert Assessment 4 Conclusion References A Blink Detection Algorithm Based on Image Processing and Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Algorithm 2.1 Image Acquisition 2.2 Conversion to Grayscale 2.3 Rescaling 2.4 CNN Classification 2.5 Blink Detection 3 Results 4 Conclusion References A Prototype Equipment for Revelation and Digitization of Periapical Radiographic Plates 1 Introduction 2 Description of Electronic Equipment 2.1 Radiographic Plate Insertion 2.2 Revelation 2.3 Digitization 2.4 Data Register 2.5 Display Stage 3 Operation 4 Results 5 Conclusions References A Humidity and Temperature Wireless Monitoring System for Server Rooms Based on the MQTT Protocol 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System Description 2.1 Wireless Sensor Node 2.2 Data Reception Station, Processing, and Alert Transmission 3 Results 4 Conclusions and Future Improvements References MPPT Perturb - Observe Algorithm with Fuzzy Logic for a Dual Active Bridge-Series Resonant Converter 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Photovoltaic System DAB-SR 2.1 DAB-SR Converter 2.2 PV Panel 2.3 MPPT P&O 2.4 Fuzzy Logic 3 Calculations and Analysis 3.1 DAB-SR Converter 3.2 MPPT Algorithm 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusions References Decentralized Fuzzy Control for Minimum and Non-minimum Phase of a Coupled Four-Tank System 1 Introduction 2 The Four-Tanks Process 2.1 System Description 2.2 System Modeling 2.3 Zero Location 3 Fuzzy Logic Control 3.1 Knowledge-Driven Approach 3.2 Controller Design 4 Result and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Comparative Study of PI and PID Controls with Kalman Filter Implemented for Water Level Control Based on Matlab and Factory I/O 1 Introduction 2 Process Description 3 Controller Design 3.1 Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller 3.2 Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller 4 Tuning Methods for PID Controller 5 Kalman Filter 6 Result 6.1 Process Modeling 7 Conclusion References Three-Axis Sensor Development for Ground Reaction Forces Measurement with Sports Applications 1 Introduction 2 Triaxial Force Sensor and Plantar Outsole 2.1 Design Requirements for the Triaxial Force Sensor 2.2 Design and Fabrication of the Triaxial Force Sensor 2.3 Fabrication of the Plantar Outsole 2.4 Plantar Outsole Data Acquisition 2.5 Plantar Outsole Data Processing and Transmission 2.6 Plantar Outsole Interface 3 Integration and Experimental Study 3.1 Prototype Calibration 3.2 Experimental Tests 4 Conclusion References Prototype of a Data Logger for Monitoring Carbon Dioxide and Particulate Matter Concentrations in Juliaca 1 Introduction 2 Monitoring Point 2.1 Monitoring Parameters and Legal Frame 3 Hardware Description 3.1 Selection Sensor 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Harmonics of the Microinverters for the Operation of the Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Energy System Considering the Uncertainty of Irradiance 1 Introduction 2 Power Quality Aspects of PV Inverters 2.1 Photovoltaic Technology with MPPT 2.2 MPPT Configuration System 2.3 Power Factor and Total Harmonic Distortion of PV Micro Inverters 3 Methodology 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 THDi at the Output of the Microinverters for Connection to the Grid 4.2 Power Factor at the Output of the Microinverters 5 Conclusions References Proposed Improvement of the Mining Cycle to Increase Productivity in a Mining Company in La Libertad Region, 2020 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Improved IMC for Pressure Control of Oil Wells During Drilling Modeled with an Integrative Term Under Time-Delay 1 Introduction 2 System Modeling 3 Controller Design 3.1 Improved IMC Controller 4 Simulations and Results 5 Conclusions References Manufacture of Sensitized Grätzel Solar Cells with NPs-TiO2 and Natural Organic Dye Purple Corn (Zea mays L.) as Potential Use in the Photovoltaic Industry 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method Implementation 2.1 Categorization of Materials and Tools 2.2 Procedures and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Power Output Using Graphite as a Counter Electrode 3.2 Efficiency of the Incident Photon Conversion Characterization - Generated Current (IPCE) 4 Conclusion References Application and Requirements of AIoT-Enabled Industrial Control Units 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Industrial Internet of Things 2.2 Industrial Machine Learning Development 3 Methodology 3.1 Small Size 3.2 Cybersecurity 3.3 Connectivity 3.4 Data Storage 3.5 Data Science 3.6 Modularity of Software Development 3.7 Open-Source 3.8 Virtualization 4 Example Application 4.1 Platform Selection 4.2 Application Description 5 Analysis of the Proposed Application 6 Conclusion References IoT - From Industries to Houses: An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Technological Background 3 Applicability and Business Models 4 Security Concerns 5 Conclusion References Study of the Feasibility of Implementing Low-Cost Antennas Using Coaxial Cables 1 Introduction 2 3D Modeling and Virtual Simulation 3 Conclusions References Proposal MPPT Algorithm Using the Kalman Filter 1 Introduction 2 Photovoltaic Panel 3 MPPT 3.1 Boost Converter 3.2 Kalman Filter 3.3 MPPT Algorithm Using Kalman Filter 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Author Index