Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Renewable Energy Systems : ICEERE 2022, 20 -22 May 2022, Saidia, Morocco

Organization Preface Invited Speakers: Biography and Abstract Contents About the Editors Communication, Networks and Information Technology A Fuzzy Logic-Based Intrusion Detection System for WBAN Against Jamming Attacks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Overview of Fuzzy Logic System 4 Proposed Fuzzy Logic Detection Jamming 4.1 Description 4.2 Fuzzy Inference System 4.3 Test and Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References An Enhanced Approach Based on PCA and ACO Methods for Facial Features Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 2.2 Swarm Intelligence 3 Problematic Statement 4 Related Work 5 Face Recognition Model 5.1 Architecture 5.2 Model Description 6 Conclusion References The GPSR Routing Protocol in VANETs: Improvements and Analysis 1 Introduction 2 An Overview of the Classical GPSR 3 The Proposed Enhancements of GPSR 3.1 E-GPSR 3.2 DVA-GPSR 3.3 DRL-GPSR 4 Simulation and Results Analysis 4.1 PDR 4.2 Throughput 4.3 Routing Overhead 5 Conclusion References The Dynamics of a Population of Healthy Adults, Overweight/Obese and Diabetics With and Without Complications in Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Sensitivity Analysis 5 Simulation, Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Dermatologist-Level Classification of Skin Cancer with Level Set Method and Isolation Forest 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Paper Organization 2 Segmentation and Image Denoising Models 2.1 Level Set Model 2.2 Isolation Forest 2.3 Denoising Model 2.4 Discretizations of Proposed the Problem 3 Proposed Method for Cancer Classification 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Numerical Examples 5 Conclusions References A Generalized Freeman Chain Code for Offline Arabic Character Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Preprocessing 3 Feature Extraction and Classification 3.1 Generalization of the Freeman Coding 3.2 Construction of the Feature Vector 3.3 Classification 4 Results 4.1 Recognition Tests 4.2 Execution Time 5 Conclusion References Performing Spectrum Sensing Using a Deep Learning Algorithm for Cognitive Radio 1 Introduction 2 Sensing Model 3 Deep Learning-Based Detector 3.1 Dataset Generation and Preprocessing 3.2 Network Architecture Design 3.3 MLP Training Process 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Retrospective on OOADARE as an Automated Object-Based Approach for Requirements Engineering 1 Introduction 2 OOADARE Approach 2.1 Presentation 2.2 Overview of the “User Story” Template 2.3 Using CSC to Generate Associations 3 Filling the Gap in the OOADARE Approach 3.1 Generating Attributes in a Class Diagram 3.2 Consider Association Classes in Class Diagram Generation 3.3 Example of Application to a Case Study 4 Conclusion References Computational Analysis of Human Navigation Trajectories in the VR Magic Carpet ™ Using K-Means 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Virtual Carpet ™ 2.2 Experimental Data 2.3 Participants 2.4 Data Preprocessing 2.5 Visual Replication 2.6 K-Means: Unsupervised Machine Learning 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Management of Approaches in the Decentralized Architecture of the PBM 1 Introduction 2 General Objective of an Ontology 3 Travaux existants pour la gestion des accords 3.1 QoSOnt 3.2 Ws-Qos 3.3 Fipa QoS 3.4 Sl-Ontology 4 Alignment of the Two Ontologies 5 Semantic Description of the Service Contract 6 Decentralized Architecture of the PBM, and a Semantic Definition of the Information Table 7 Conclusion References COVID-19 SEIAR Model with Sensitivity Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Formulation of the Model and Sensitivity Analysis 2.1 Parameters of the Model 2.2 Equations of the Model 2.3 Positivity of Solutions 2.4 Equilibrium Points and R0 3 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Notes and Comments References Toward Multi-label Attribute Estimation on Multiple Faces Using CNN 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Facial Attributes Classification 2.2 YOLOv5 Object Detection 2.3 Single-Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD)-ResNet for Object Detection 3 Implementation of the Method 3.1 Hardware Characteristics 3.2 Datasets Used in This Work 3.3 Models’ Architecture 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References New Design of an X-Band 2times2 Patch Array Antenna with Circular Slots for Nanosatellites 1 Introduction 2 X-Band 2times2 Patch Array Antenna Design and Structure 2.1 Single Patch Antenna Design 2.2 X-Band 2times2 Patch Array Antenna Design and Optimization 2.3 Feed Network Structure 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Materials and Devices Applications Improvement of Silicon Nanowire-Based Photovoltaic Solar Cell with the Integration of CIGS Quantum Wells 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Models 2.1 For Quantum Well Regions 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Intersubband Optical Properties of Strained InAsSb/AlGaAs Quantum Well Structure 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Simulation: Toward High-Efficiency CIGS Solar Cell Through Buffer Layer Replacement 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Buffer Layer Thickness 3.2 Effect of Buffer Layer Donor Density 3.3 Effect of Buffer Layer Defect Density 3.4 Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness 3.5 Effect of Temperature 4 Conclusion References Influence of an Alternating Phase on the Electron Heating in Capacitively Coupled Radio-Frequency Discharges 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Computational Simulation of High-Efficiency HTL-Free Sb2Se3-Based Solar Cell 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure and Simulation Methodology 2.1 Device Structure 2.2 Simulation Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness and Doping Concentration 3.2 Influence of Defect Density of the Absorber Layer 3.3 Effect of Working Temperature 4 Conclusion References Optimization of Cd-Free CZTSSe Kesterite Device with Different BSF Layers by SCAPS-1D 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Cell Structure 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 J–V Characteristics and Quantum Efficiency of TFSC with and Without BSF Material 3.2 Effect of Window Layer on Solar Cell Device 3.3 Effect of Shunt Resistance on Solar Cell Device 4 Conclusion References Analysis of 2D Simulation of Hydrogenated Silicon Nitride Plasma Discharge in CCP Reactor for Thin Film Solar Cell Deposition 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Model 2.1 Plasma Model 2.2 Chemical Reactions 2.3 Boundary Conditions 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Effect of Next-Nearest-Neighbors Intersite Coupling on the Band Structure of a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Analytical and Numerical Results 3.1 Effect of NNN Intersite Coupling Wire's Length on the Band Structures 3.2 Effect of NNN Intersite Coupling Wire's Impedance on the Band Structures 4 Conclusion References Y-shaped Demultiplexer Based on Asymmetric Loop Photonic Waveguides 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Formalism 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Asymmetrical Loops in the Two Channels of the Electromagnetic Demultiplexer 3.2 Color Maps of the Transmissions T1 and T2 3.3 Asymmetrical Loops in the Two Channels of the Electromagnetic Demultiplexer: Fano Resonance 3.4 Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Loops in the Two Channels 4 Conclusion References Narrow Localized Electronic States Induced by Defective Electronic Comb-Like Quantum Wires 1 Introduction 2 Result and Discussion 2.1 Dispersion Relation and the Transmission Rate Passbands 2.2 Transmission as a Function of the Energy for Different Lengths d01 and d02 2.3 Variation of the Electronic Defect States Energy as a Function of the Defect Lengths d02 and d01 2.4 Energy of the Localized Defect States Versus d01 = d02 2.5 Maximums Transmissions as a Function of the Length d02 2.6 Maximum Transmissions as a Function of Lengths d01 and d02 3 Conclusion References Zak Phase and Topological Tamm States Between Two Photonic Comb Structures 1 Introduction 2 Tamm States at the Interface Between Two Semi-infinite Comb-Like Structures 3 Zak Phase and Topological Tamm States at the Comb/Comb Interface 4 Conclusion References High-Q Resonant Modes in Periodic Stubbed Structure 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Results 3 Numerical and Experimental Results 4 Q(N) Factor Dependence in the Periodic Finite Comb 5 Conclusion References Theoretical Study of the Sensitivity of the Localized Electronic States Induced by the Presence of Defects in a ZnO/Zn1−xMgxO MQWs Under Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 3.1 The Sensitivity of the Electronic States Induced by a Material Defect to the Pressure and the Temperature Variation 3.2 The Sensitivity of the Electronic States Induced by a Geometrical Defect to the Pressure and the Temperature Variation 3.3 The Sensitivity of the Electronic States Induced by a Geo-material Defect to the Pressure and the Temperature 4 Conclusion References Simultaneous Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature on the Transport of an Electron in AlGaAs Cylindrical Quantum Wire Sandwiched Between Two GaAs Cylindrical Quantum Well Wires 1 Introduction 2 The Theory of Cylindrical Semiconductor Quantum Wire 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Effects on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties in 2D Ultra-Thin Quantum Dot 1 Introduction 2 Framework 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Size Effect of Spindle Toroidal Quantum Dot on Electronic Properties 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Impact of Electric Field Strength on the Binding Energy of an Off-Center Donor in Quantum Ring: Quarter Cross Section Case 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Frameworks 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Analysis of Various Hole Transport Material (HTM) for an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell 1 Introduction 2 Device Simulation with SCAPS-1D 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effect of Dopant Density of the Absorber Layer 3.2 Effect of Thickness of the Absorber Layer 4 Conclusion References Photonic Flat Bands of Asymmetric Star Waveguides Structure 1 Introduction 2 Results and Discussions 2.1 Effect of the Different Resonator Lengths on the Creation of Thin Pass Bands 2.2 Effect of the Number of the Resonators 2.3 Effect of the Resonators Lengths 2.4 Effect of the Number of the Grafted Resonators 3 Conclusions References Binding Energy of an Off-Center Shallow Donor Impurity in Wedge-Shaped Quantum Dot Under Electric Field Effect 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Electronics and Biomedical Applications Design and Optimization of a WPT System for Powering Biomedical Implants 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Energy Transfer System 2.2 Expressions of Objective Functions PTE and PDL 3 Metaheuristic Algorithms 4 Simulation Results 4.1 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prediction of Port A Cath Complications Using Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Data Collection and Methodology 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Programming Language 2.4 Machine Learning Algorithms 2.5 Performance Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Fast and Accurate Color Image Classification Based on Quaternion Tchebichef Moments and Quaternion Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Quaternion Discrete Tchebichef Moments 2.1 Tchebichef Polynomials 2.2 2D Quaternion Discrete Tchebichef Moments 3 2D Quaternion Techebichef Moments Convolutional Neural Network 4 Experiments 4.1 Results on Coil-100 and ETH-80 Datasets 4.2 Ablation and Complexity 5 Conclusion References Slew-Rate Enhancement of a Full-On Chip CMOS LDO Based on a Capacitorless Push–Pull Current Booster Circuit 1 Introduction 2 Implementation of the Proposed LDO 3 The Proposed SREC 4 Frequency Domain Stability Analysis 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusions References Telemedicine in the Era of Covid-19: Teleconsultation Architecture Platform 1 Introduction 2 Telemedicine Deployment Internationally 3 Teleconsultation IoT Architecture 3.1 Video Transmission Solution 4 Conduct of Teleconsultation 5 Conclusion References SiNW-ISFET Sensor Modeling Using the k-Nearest Neighbor Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 SiNW-ISFET Model in Machine Learning Technique 2.1 Model in k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) 2.2 Evaluation and Validation of the Quality Performance 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Effectiveness of the KNN Model 3.2 Study the Uncertainty Indices for the Training Data Set 4 Conclusion References Portable Device for Real-Time Monitoring of Blood Samples 1 Introduction 2 Description of Type of No-Conformity (NC) 2.1 External Part of the Pre-analytical Phase 2.2 Internal Part of the Pre-analytical Phase 2.3 Existing Systems and Their Limitations 3 Proposed System 3.1 Architectural Design 3.2 Implementation 4 Conclusion References The Use of GA and PSO Algorithms to Improve the Limitations of a Readout Circuit of an pH-ISFET Sensor 1 Introduction 2 The Main Blocks of the Proposed Circuit 2.1 The Mismatch Analysis 3 Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms 3.1 The Genetic Algorithm 3.2 Particle Swarm Algorithm 4 Discussion and Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Modeling of Electromagnetic Field Effects on Interconnections Between High Frequency Deep Sub-micrometer CMOS Integrated Circuits Using FDTD Technique 1 Introduction 2 Signal Integrity Analytical Study in Deep Sub-micrometer Interconnect Lines 2.1 Electromagnetic Coupling Equations of Nonuniform Interconnect Lines 2.2 Coupled Interconnect Lines with Nonlinear Loads 3 Examples and Discussion 3.1 Uniform Interconnects Loaded with Nonlinear Circuits and Excited by Incident Field 3.2 Nonuniform Interconnects Loaded with Nonlinear Circuits and Excited by Incident Field 4 Conclusion References Design and Experimentation of an Automotive Diagnostic Tool for Headlamp ECU Based on the UDS 1 Introduction 1.1 Implementation of the UDS on the CAN Bus 1.2 Diagnostics with CAN 2 Design of the Diagnostic Tool 2.1 Hardware Requirements 2.2 Soft Design 3 Experimentation and Results 3.1 Read Serial Number 4 Conclusion and Perspectives References Design and Experimentation of an Automatic Communication Tool for Automotive Cards 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Tool 3 Design of the Communication Tool 4 Experimentation and Results 4.1 Experimentation Procedure 4.2 Experimentation Result and Interpretation 5 Conclusion References Portable Ultrasound Sensors System for Breast Cancer Early Diagnosis 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Techniques of Breast Cancer Detection 2.2 Ultrasonic Solutions for Breast Cancer Detection 2.3 Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancer Detection 3 Novel System for Breast Cancer Early Diagnosis 3.1 The Interest of the Ultrasonic System 3.2 Transduction Elements Design 3.3 Operating Principle 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Cough Detection for Prevention Against the COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Coughing Detection Audio Estimation 2.1 Data Segmentation 2.2 Feature Extraction 2.3 Classification 2.4 Data Separation 2.5 Performance Evaluation 3 Coughing Detection Pose Estimation 3.1 Multi-person Pose Estimation 3.2 Threshold Validation 3.3 Dataset 3.4 Support Vector Machine 3.5 Performance Evaluation 4 Results 4.1 Audio Detection 4.2 Image Detection 5 Conclusion References Power Electronics and Control Systems Impact of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in the Power Quality of a Transmission Network 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Study System 3 Modeling and Simulations 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Harmonic Reduction by Increasing Short-Circuit Power 4.2 Reduction of Harmonics by Installing the Low-Pass Filter 5 Conclusions References Nonlinear Control of a Three-Phase, Double-Stage Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System 1 Introduction 2 Description of the System Architecture 2.1 Photovoltaic Array 2.2 DC Converter Model 2.3 Voltage Source Inverter Model 3 Control Strategy 3.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Control on the PV Array Side 3.2 Power Controller Design on the Grid Side 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusion References Experimental Test of a Three-Phase Inverter Using a Launchpad TMS320F28379D Card 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Studied System 2.1 Semikron Inverter 2.2 Induction Motor 2.3 LAUNCHXL-F28379D Microcontroller Development Kit 3 Programmed SPWM Technique 4 Simulation and Experimental Results 4.1 Simulation Results 4.2 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Efficient Fuzzy Logic MPPT Controls for Sudden Change in Load 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of PV Cell 3 Photovoltaic System 4 Proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking Commands 4.1 Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT Control 4.2 Fuzzy Logic MPPT Control 5 Simulation Results and Discussions 5.1 Effect of Rapid Change in Load 5.2 Validation and Evaluation of MPPT Controls 6 Conclusion References A Nonlinear Control of Energy Storage System-PV-Based Stand-Alone DC-Microgrid 1 Introduction 2 Control Strategy Based on Integral Sliding Mode Controller 2.1 Integral Sliding Mode Controller 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusions References Real-Time Control for PMSG System Without Mechanical Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Small Wind Turbine System: The Specification 2.1 Small Wind Turbine 2.2 Experimental Data Measurements: Power, Voltage, Current 3 Digital Control of the Wind Turbine System 3.1 The Digital Algorithm: Applications in Control Card 3.2 The Digital Experimental Control Wind System 3.3 Specification of Step-Up Converter 4 Experimental Results of Numerical Control System 5 Conclusion References New Strategy for Unbalance Compensation Based on PWM AC-Chopper for Railway Applications 1 Introduction 2 Unbalance Analysis 3 Sizing and Control Strategy of the Active Steinmetz Compensator (CCI) 3.1 Sizing of the CCI Compensator 3.2 Control Strategy of the CCI Compensator 3.3 Result of the Unbalance Compensation by CCI 4 Power Losses for the CCI Compensator 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of an MPPT DC–DC Boost Controller using a PV Emulator-Based Test System 1 Introduction 2 System Description 2.1 Description of the Developed PV Emulator 2.2 Description of the MPPT-Controlled DC–DC Boost Converter 3 Simulation Results 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Introduction of a Correction Factor for Predicting Real Stirling Engine Efficiency Based on Ideal Adiabatic Modelling 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Operation and Mathematical Model 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Model Validation 3.2 Analysis of Ideal Adiabatic Model and Losses Assessment 4 Conclusions References Enhancement of Standalone PMSG Wind Turbine System Utilizing Nonlinear Proportional-Integral Control Technique 1 Introduction 1.1 Nomenclature 2 Wind Energy Conversion System Modelling 2.1 Model of the Turbine 2.2 Model of PMSG 3 PMSG Side Converter Control 3.1 Nonlinear Control Law 3.2 Inner Loop 3.3 Outer Loop 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Electric Vehicle NARX Black-Box Modeling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Automotive Drive Cycles Measurements 1 Introduction 2 NARX Model Structure 3 Experimental Data 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 NARX Model Estimation 4.2 Comparison Between the NARX Model (NARX1) and Other Models 5 Conclusion References Design and Demonstrate an Attack Strategy to Control a Vehicle’s Computer by Targeting Its Electrical Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodelogy 2.1 System Block Diagram 2.2 The Instructions Followed 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Real-Time Power Management Strategy of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 System Description and Modeling 2.1 Electric Vehicle Modeling 2.2 Lithium-ion Battery Model 2.3 Supercapacitor Model 2.4 Bidirectional Buck–Boost DC/DC Converter Modeling 3 Power Management Control System 3.1 PI Controller Design (Low Level) 3.2 Power Sharing Algorithm (High Level) 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Controlling Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles in Bends Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement and Resolution Method Presentation 2.1 Problem Statement 2.2 Experimental Protocol and AI Development 2.3 Machine Learning Algorithms Implementation 2.4 Performance Evaluation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Road Grip Prediction Results Using Regression 3.2 Improved Detection Method of Critical Events in Driving Mode 3.3 Prevent Loss of Control When Cornering 4 Conclusion References Modeling and Analysis of a Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Vehicle Topologies 3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Modeling 3.1 Vehicle Model 3.2 Fuel Cell Model 3.3 Battery Model 4 Energy Management Strategy 4.1 Rule-Based Strategy 4.2 Optimization-Based Strategy 4.3 Learning-Based Strategy 5 Simulation Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Interleaved Boost Converter Control Technique Improvements for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Interleaved Boost Converter Overview, Analysis and Modeling 3 IBC Control Strategy 3.1 Outer Voltage Control Loop 3.2 Inner Current Control Loop 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References IoT and Machine Learning Methods Synergy of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Satellites for Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval Over Wheat Crops in Semi-arid Areas 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Backscatter Time Series 4.2 Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval 5 Conclusion References Smart Greenhouse with Plant Diseases Classification Using Transfer Learning and Deep CNNs 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Greenhouse Description and Database 2.2 Deep CNN Configurations 2.3 Programming Language and Tools 2.4 Performance Evaluation Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References IoT-Based Data Acquisition and Remote Monitoring System for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Solar Radiation Measurement 2.2 Module Surface Temperature Measurement 2.3 Voltage Measurement 2.4 Current Measurement 2.5 Data Acquisition Card 2.6 Wireless Data Transmission 2.7 Data Storage and Analysis 2.8 Energy Consumption and Cost of the System 3 Conclusion References An Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning for Internet of Medical Things 1 Introduction 2 Backgrounds and Related Works 2.1 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) 2.2 Machine Learning (ML) 2.3 Intrusion Detection System (IDS) 2.4 Dataset 2.5 Related Works 3 Proposed Method 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Hardware and Software Characteristics 4.2 Evaluating the Results 5 Conclusion References Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission Using Machine and Deep Learning: COVID-19 Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology Used 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Proposed Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Hardware Characteristics 4.2 Evaluating the Results 5 Conclusion References Neural Network-Based Precision Irrigation Scheduling and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Irrigation System Description 3 Irrigation Strategy Development 4 Neural Network Irrigation Scheduling Strategy 5 System Operation Steps 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References IoTScal-SC2: Two Cloud Computing Systems-Based Collaboration Solution for Scalability Issue in IoT Networks 1 Introduction 2 Problematic 3 Related Works 4 Proposed Solving Approaches 4.1 Proposed Architectures 4.2 The Proposed Mechanisms 5 Numerical Results 5.1 Success Rate 5.2 RTT Evolution 6 Conclusion References An Effective Ensemble Learning Method for Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Arrays 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Datasets Preparation 2.2 Machine Learning Algorithms (CatBoost, LSTM and PCA) 2.3 The Proposed Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Features Selection and Reduction 3.2 Fault Detection 3.3 Fault Classification 3.4 Comparative Study 4 Conclusion and Future Directions References A Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Forest Fires Detection and Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Backgrounds 2.1 Forest Fires Detection Techniques 2.2 Computer Vision (CV) and Deep Learning (DL) 3 Related Works 4 Our Proposed Method 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Hardware Characteristics 5.2 Evaluating the Results 6 Conclusion References A Review on Precision Irrigation Techniques and Controls for Better Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Irrigation Methods and Performances 3 Design of an Irrigation System 3.1 Crop Water Requirements 3.2 Precision Irrigation 4 Control Techniques for Precision Irrigation 4.1 Open-Loop Control 4.2 Closed-Loop Control 5 Conclusion References Renewable Energy Assessing the Thermal Performance of Traditional and Modern Building Materials for Hot and Arid Climate. Case Study: Er-Rachidia, Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Method and Materials 2.1 Building Description 2.2 Weather Data 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Indoor Temperatures Evaluation 3.2 Analysis of the Monthly Energy Needs 4 Conclusion References Mathematical Modeling of the Serpentine Configuration Evaporator for the Construction of Mini Solar Tower Project in Oujda, Morocco 1 Introduction to the Topic and an Overview of the Literature 2 Configuration of Prototype 3 Mathematical Modelization 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion and Perspectives References Energy Performances of a Photovoltaic Thermal Plant Using Different Coolant Nanofluid 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 TRNSYS Model 2.2 Working Fluids 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Thermal Comparison During Day-Type 3.2 Impact of Nanofluid on the Performances of PV/T System During the Whole year 4 Conclusions References Simulation and Comparative Study of the Effect of the Wet and Dry Cooling Modes on the Performance of Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants in the Arid Zone of Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Simulation Inputs 2.1 Description of the PTC System 2.2 PTC Model 2.3 Solar Plant Design and Simulation Inputs 3 Field of Study and Solar Resource Assessment 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Technical Comparison 4.2 Water Consumption 4.3 Economic Feasibility Analysis 5 Conclusion References CFD and Wake Analysis of the Wind Flow Through Two Wind Turbines 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Simulation and Yield Analysis of a Solar Tower Plant Combined with Seawater Desalination System in the Mediterranean Area 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Simulation Inputs 2.1 Mathematical Modeling 2.2 Solar Plant and Desalination System Design Parameters 3 Resource Assessment of the Investigated Location 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Solar Tower Assessment 4.2 Desalination Assessment 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Photovoltaic, Wind and Hybrid Energy Systems for the Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) Concept in Eastern Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Electricity Production 2.2 Hydrogen Production 2.3 Levelized Cost of Production 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Improvement of the Mirror Cleanliness Control Methodology in a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Power Plant 1 Introduction 2 Solar Field and Control Methodology 2.1 Solar Field Description 2.2 Control Procedure 3 Improvement of the Control Methodology 3.1 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Absorptivity in Ouarzazate 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Measures Used 2.2 Data Analysis Procedure 3 Results and discussion 4 Conclusions References Development of a New Monitoring Method for Rotating Machines Based on Maintenance 4.0—A Case Study of Unbalance and Misalignment 1 Introduction 2 Processing System 2.1 Intrusion Detection System (IDS) 2.2 Data Acquisition System (DAQ) 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Project Architecture 3.2 Methods 4 Results Analysis 4.1 Results of Monitoring 4.2 Results of Diagnostic 5 Conclusion and Perspectives References CSP Mirror Soiling Modeling from Measured Weather Factors and Forecasting Using OpenWeatherMap Server 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Soiling Data Collection 2.2 Soiling Index Measurement 2.3 Meteorological Parameters Versus Soiling 2.4 Soiling Modeling 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 MLR Models 3.2 ANN 3.3 Soiling Index Prediction Using OpenWeatherMap Server 4 Conclusion References Modeling a Real-Time Prediction System for Solar Collector Reflectivity Using Fuzzy Petri Net 1 Introduction 2 Modeling and Results of the Prediction System 2.1 Preparation of the Rules Base Using FPR and ES 2.2 FPN Model for Reflectivity Prediction System 2.3 Model Results 3 Conclusion References Experimental Validation of a Photovoltaic/Electrolysis System Dedicated to Supplying an Alternating Load and Producing Hydrogen 1 Introduction 2 Photovoltaic/Electrolysis System 2.1 System Description 2.2 Optimization of the PV System 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Operating Mode 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Modeling of a Two-Dimensional Multiphase Flow Through a Porous Dam-Break 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equations 3 Numerical Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References High Order Scheme for Numerical Simulation of an Oblique Shock Overbreak a Ramp 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equations 3 Numerical Methods 3.1 Finite Volume Approach 3.2 Convective Flux Approximations 3.3 Second-Order Accuracy 4 Time Integration 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Modeling of the Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of the Nanofluid Confined Between Two Parallel Plates 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description and Governing Equations 3 Implementation of Homotopy Perturbation Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Autonomous Solar Photovoltaic/Battery System for the Electrification of Wastewater Pumping Stations 1 Introduction 2 Wastewater Pumping Station and PV/Battery System 2.1 Wastewater Pumping Station 2.2 PV/Battery System 3 Electric Systems Cascade Extended Method (ESCEA) 3.1 The ESCEA Algorithm for Sizing Autonomous PV/Battery System 3.2 Reliability and Economic Analysis 4 Case Study 5 R Organization Preface Invited Speakers: Biography and Abstract Contents About the Editors Communication, Networks and Information Technology A Fuzzy Logic-Based Intrusion Detection System for WBAN Against Jamming Attacks 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Overview of Fuzzy Logic System 4 Proposed Fuzzy Logic Detection Jamming 4.1 Description 4.2 Fuzzy Inference System 4.3 Test and Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References An Enhanced Approach Based on PCA and ACO Methods for Facial Features Optimization 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 2.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 2.2 Swarm Intelligence 3 Problematic Statement 4 Related Work 5 Face Recognition Model 5.1 Architecture 5.2 Model Description 6 Conclusion References The GPSR Routing Protocol in VANETs: Improvements and Analysis 1 Introduction 2 An Overview of the Classical GPSR 3 The Proposed Enhancements of GPSR 3.1 E-GPSR 3.2 DVA-GPSR 3.3 DRL-GPSR 4 Simulation and Results Analysis 4.1 PDR 4.2 Throughput 4.3 Routing Overhead 5 Conclusion References The Dynamics of a Population of Healthy Adults, Overweight/Obese and Diabetics With and Without Complications in Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results 4 Sensitivity Analysis 5 Simulation, Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Dermatologist-Level Classification of Skin Cancer with Level Set Method and Isolation Forest 1 Introduction 1.1 Contributions 1.2 Paper Organization 2 Segmentation and Image Denoising Models 2.1 Level Set Model 2.2 Isolation Forest 2.3 Denoising Model 2.4 Discretizations of Proposed the Problem 3 Proposed Method for Cancer Classification 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Numerical Examples 5 Conclusions References A Generalized Freeman Chain Code for Offline Arabic Character Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Preprocessing 3 Feature Extraction and Classification 3.1 Generalization of the Freeman Coding 3.2 Construction of the Feature Vector 3.3 Classification 4 Results 4.1 Recognition Tests 4.2 Execution Time 5 Conclusion References Performing Spectrum Sensing Using a Deep Learning Algorithm for Cognitive Radio 1 Introduction 2 Sensing Model 3 Deep Learning-Based Detector 3.1 Dataset Generation and Preprocessing 3.2 Network Architecture Design 3.3 MLP Training Process 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Retrospective on OOADARE as an Automated Object-Based Approach for Requirements Engineering 1 Introduction 2 OOADARE Approach 2.1 Presentation 2.2 Overview of the “User Story” Template 2.3 Using CSC to Generate Associations 3 Filling the Gap in the OOADARE Approach 3.1 Generating Attributes in a Class Diagram 3.2 Consider Association Classes in Class Diagram Generation 3.3 Example of Application to a Case Study 4 Conclusion References Computational Analysis of Human Navigation Trajectories in the VR Magic Carpet TM Using K-Means 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Virtual Carpet TM 2.2 Experimental Data 2.3 Participants 2.4 Data Preprocessing 2.5 Visual Replication 2.6 K-Means: Unsupervised Machine Learning 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Management of Approaches in the Decentralized Architecture of the PBM 1 Introduction 2 General Objective of an Ontology 3 Travaux existants pour la gestion des accords 3.1 QoSOnt 3.2 Ws-Qos 3.3 Fipa QoS 3.4 Sl-Ontology 4 Alignment of the Two Ontologies 5 Semantic Description of the Service Contract 6 Decentralized Architecture of the PBM, and a Semantic Definition of the Information Table 7 Conclusion References COVID-19 SEIAR Model with Sensitivity Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Formulation of the Model and Sensitivity Analysis 2.1 Parameters of the Model 2.2 Equations of the Model 2.3 Positivity of Solutions 2.4 Equilibrium Points and R0 3 Sensitivity Analysis 4 Notes and Comments References Toward Multi-label Attribute Estimation on Multiple Faces Using CNN 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Facial Attributes Classification 2.2 YOLOv5 Object Detection 2.3 Single-Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD)-ResNet for Object Detection 3 Implementation of the Method 3.1 Hardware Characteristics 3.2 Datasets Used in This Work 3.3 Models’ Architecture 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References New Design of an X-Band 2times2 Patch Array Antenna with Circular Slots for Nanosatellites 1 Introduction 2 X-Band 2times2 Patch Array Antenna Design and Structure 2.1 Single Patch Antenna Design 2.2 X-Band 2times2 Patch Array Antenna Design and Optimization 2.3 Feed Network Structure 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusion References Materials and Devices Applications Improvement of Silicon Nanowire-Based Photovoltaic Solar Cell with the Integration of CIGS Quantum Wells 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Models 2.1 For Quantum Well Regions 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Intersubband Optical Properties of Strained InAsSb/AlGaAs Quantum Well Structure 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Simulation: Toward High-Efficiency CIGS Solar Cell Through Buffer Layer Replacement 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Details 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Buffer Layer Thickness 3.2 Effect of Buffer Layer Donor Density 3.3 Effect of Buffer Layer Defect Density 3.4 Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness 3.5 Effect of Temperature 4 Conclusion References Influence of an Alternating Phase on the Electron Heating in Capacitively Coupled Radio-Frequency Discharges 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Computational Simulation of High-Efficiency HTL-Free Sb2Se3-Based Solar Cell 1 Introduction 2 Device Structure and Simulation Methodology 2.1 Device Structure 2.2 Simulation Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Absorber Layer Thickness and Doping Concentration 3.2 Influence of Defect Density of the Absorber Layer 3.3 Effect of Working Temperature 4 Conclusion References Optimization of Cd-Free CZTSSe Kesterite Device with Different BSF Layers by SCAPS-1D 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Cell Structure 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 J–V Characteristics and Quantum Efficiency of TFSC with and Without BSF Material 3.2 Effect of Window Layer on Solar Cell Device 3.3 Effect of Shunt Resistance on Solar Cell Device 4 Conclusion References Analysis of 2D Simulation of Hydrogenated Silicon Nitride Plasma Discharge in CCP Reactor for Thin Film Solar Cell Deposition 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Model 2.1 Plasma Model 2.2 Chemical Reactions 2.3 Boundary Conditions 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Effect of Next-Nearest-Neighbors Intersite Coupling on the Band Structure of a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Analytical and Numerical Results 3.1 Effect of NNN Intersite Coupling Wire's Length on the Band Structures 3.2 Effect of NNN Intersite Coupling Wire's Impedance on the Band Structures 4 Conclusion References Y-shaped Demultiplexer Based on Asymmetric Loop Photonic Waveguides 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Formalism 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Asymmetrical Loops in the Two Channels of the Electromagnetic Demultiplexer 3.2 Color Maps of the Transmissions T1 and T2 3.3 Asymmetrical Loops in the Two Channels of the Electromagnetic Demultiplexer: Fano Resonance 3.4 Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Loops in the Two Channels 4 Conclusion References Narrow Localized Electronic States Induced by Defective Electronic Comb-Like Quantum Wires 1 Introduction 2 Result and Discussion 2.1 Dispersion Relation and the Transmission Rate Passbands 2.2 Transmission as a Function of the Energy for Different Lengths d01 and d02 2.3 Variation of the Electronic Defect States Energy as a Function of the Defect Lengths d02 and d01 2.4 Energy of the Localized Defect States Versus d01 = d02 2.5 Maximums Transmissions as a Function of the Length d02 2.6 Maximum Transmissions as a Function of Lengths d01 and d02 3 Conclusion References Zak Phase and Topological Tamm States Between Two Photonic Comb Structures 1 Introduction 2 Tamm States at the Interface Between Two Semi-infinite Comb-Like Structures 3 Zak Phase and Topological Tamm States at the Comb/Comb Interface 4 Conclusion References High-Q Resonant Modes in Periodic Stubbed Structure 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Results 3 Numerical and Experimental Results 4 Q(N) Factor Dependence in the Periodic Finite Comb 5 Conclusion References Theoretical Study of the Sensitivity of the Localized Electronic States Induced by the Presence of Defects in a ZnO/Zn1−xMgxO MQWs Under Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 3.1 The Sensitivity of the Electronic States Induced by a Material Defect to the Pressure and the Temperature Variation 3.2 The Sensitivity of the Electronic States Induced by a Geometrical Defect to the Pressure and the Temperature Variation 3.3 The Sensitivity of the Electronic States Induced by a Geo-material Defect to the Pressure and the Temperature 4 Conclusion References Simultaneous Effects of Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature on the Transport of an Electron in AlGaAs Cylindrical Quantum Wire Sandwiched Between Two GaAs Cylindrical Quantum Well Wires 1 Introduction 2 The Theory of Cylindrical Semiconductor Quantum Wire 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Effects on Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties in 2D Ultra-Thin Quantum Dot 1 Introduction 2 Framework 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Size Effect of Spindle Toroidal Quantum Dot on Electronic Properties 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Impact of Electric Field Strength on the Binding Energy of an Off-Center Donor in Quantum Ring: Quarter Cross Section Case 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Frameworks 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Analysis of Various Hole Transport Material (HTM) for an Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell 1 Introduction 2 Device Simulation with SCAPS-1D 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Effect of Dopant Density of the Absorber Layer 3.2 Effect of Thickness of the Absorber Layer 4 Conclusion References Photonic Flat Bands of Asymmetric Star Waveguides Structure 1 Introduction 2 Results and Discussions 2.1 Effect of the Different Resonator Lengths on the Creation of Thin Pass Bands 2.2 Effect of the Number of the Resonators 2.3 Effect of the Resonators Lengths 2.4 Effect of the Number of the Grafted Resonators 3 Conclusions References Binding Energy of an Off-Center Shallow Donor Impurity in Wedge-Shaped Quantum Dot Under Electric Field Effect 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Numerical Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Electronics and Biomedical Applications Design and Optimization of a WPT System for Powering Biomedical Implants 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Energy Transfer System 2.2 Expressions of Objective Functions PTE and PDL 3 Metaheuristic Algorithms 4 Simulation Results 4.1 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prediction of Port A Cath Complications Using Machine Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Data Collection and Methodology 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Methodology 2.3 Programming Language 2.4 Machine Learning Algorithms 2.5 Performance Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Fast and Accurate Color Image Classification Based on Quaternion Tchebichef Moments and Quaternion Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Quaternion Discrete Tchebichef Moments 2.1 Tchebichef Polynomials 2.2 2D Quaternion Discrete Tchebichef Moments 3 2D Quaternion Techebichef Moments Convolutional Neural Network 4 Experiments 4.1 Results on Coil-100 and ETH-80 Datasets 4.2 Ablation and Complexity 5 Conclusion References Slew-Rate Enhancement of a Full-On Chip CMOS LDO Based on a Capacitorless Push–Pull Current Booster Circuit 1 Introduction 2 Implementation of the Proposed LDO 3 The Proposed SREC 4 Frequency Domain Stability Analysis 5 Simulation Results 6 Conclusions References Telemedicine in the Era of Covid-19: Teleconsultation Architecture Platform 1 Introduction 2 Telemedicine Deployment Internationally 3 Teleconsultation IoT Architecture 3.1 Video Transmission Solution 4 Conduct of Teleconsultation 5 Conclusion References SiNW-ISFET Sensor Modeling Using the k-Nearest Neighbor Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 SiNW-ISFET Model in Machine Learning Technique 2.1 Model in k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) 2.2 Evaluation and Validation of the Quality Performance 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Effectiveness of the KNN Model 3.2 Study the Uncertainty Indices for the Training Data Set 4 Conclusion References Portable Device for Real-Time Monitoring of Blood Samples 1 Introduction 2 Description of Type of No-Conformity (NC) 2.1 External Part of the Pre-analytical Phase 2.2 Internal Part of the Pre-analytical Phase 2.3 Existing Systems and Their Limitations 3 Proposed System 3.1 Architectural Design 3.2 Implementation 4 Conclusion References The Use of GA and PSO Algorithms to Improve the Limitations of a Readout Circuit of an pH-ISFET Sensor 1 Introduction 2 The Main Blocks of the Proposed Circuit 2.1 The Mismatch Analysis 3 Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms 3.1 The Genetic Algorithm 3.2 Particle Swarm Algorithm 4 Discussion and Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Modeling of Electromagnetic Field Effects on Interconnections Between High Frequency Deep Sub-micrometer CMOS Integrated Circuits Using FDTD Technique 1 Introduction 2 Signal Integrity Analytical Study in Deep Sub-micrometer Interconnect Lines 2.1 Electromagnetic Coupling Equations of Nonuniform Interconnect Lines 2.2 Coupled Interconnect Lines with Nonlinear Loads 3 Examples and Discussion 3.1 Uniform Interconnects Loaded with Nonlinear Circuits and Excited by Incident Field 3.2 Nonuniform Interconnects Loaded with Nonlinear Circuits and Excited by Incident Field 4 Conclusion References Design and Experimentation of an Automotive Diagnostic Tool for Headlamp ECU Based on the UDS 1 Introduction 1.1 Implementation of the UDS on the CAN Bus 1.2 Diagnostics with CAN 2 Design of the Diagnostic Tool 2.1 Hardware Requirements 2.2 Soft Design 3 Experimentation and Results 3.1 Read Serial Number 4 Conclusion and Perspectives References Design and Experimentation of an Automatic Communication Tool for Automotive Cards 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Proposed Tool 3 Design of the Communication Tool 4 Experimentation and Results 4.1 Experimentation Procedure 4.2 Experimentation Result and Interpretation 5 Conclusion References Portable Ultrasound Sensors System for Breast Cancer Early Diagnosis 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Techniques of Breast Cancer Detection 2.2 Ultrasonic Solutions for Breast Cancer Detection 2.3 Artificial Intelligence for Breast Cancer Detection 3 Novel System for Breast Cancer Early Diagnosis 3.1 The Interest of the Ultrasonic System 3.2 Transduction Elements Design 3.3 Operating Principle 4 Discussion and Conclusion References Cough Detection for Prevention Against the COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Coughing Detection Audio Estimation 2.1 Data Segmentation 2.2 Feature Extraction 2.3 Classification 2.4 Data Separation 2.5 Performance Evaluation 3 Coughing Detection Pose Estimation 3.1 Multi-person Pose Estimation 3.2 Threshold Validation 3.3 Dataset 3.4 Support Vector Machine 3.5 Performance Evaluation 4 Results 4.1 Audio Detection 4.2 Image Detection 5 Conclusion References Power Electronics and Control Systems Impact of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System in the Power Quality of a Transmission Network 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Study System 3 Modeling and Simulations 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Harmonic Reduction by Increasing Short-Circuit Power 4.2 Reduction of Harmonics by Installing the Low-Pass Filter 5 Conclusions References Nonlinear Control of a Three-Phase, Double-Stage Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System 1 Introduction 2 Description of the System Architecture 2.1 Photovoltaic Array 2.2 DC Converter Model 2.3 Voltage Source Inverter Model 3 Control Strategy 3.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Control on the PV Array Side 3.2 Power Controller Design on the Grid Side 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusion References Experimental Test of a Three-Phase Inverter Using a Launchpad TMS320F28379D Card 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Studied System 2.1 Semikron Inverter 2.2 Induction Motor 2.3 LAUNCHXL-F28379D Microcontroller Development Kit 3 Programmed SPWM Technique 4 Simulation and Experimental Results 4.1 Simulation Results 4.2 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Efficient Fuzzy Logic MPPT Controls for Sudden Change in Load 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Model of PV Cell 3 Photovoltaic System 4 Proposed Maximum Power Point Tracking Commands 4.1 Perturb and Observe (P&O) MPPT Control 4.2 Fuzzy Logic MPPT Control 5 Simulation Results and Discussions 5.1 Effect of Rapid Change in Load 5.2 Validation and Evaluation of MPPT Controls 6 Conclusion References A Nonlinear Control of Energy Storage System-PV-Based Stand-Alone DC-Microgrid 1 Introduction 2 Control Strategy Based on Integral Sliding Mode Controller 2.1 Integral Sliding Mode Controller 3 Simulation Results 4 Conclusions References Real-Time Control for PMSG System Without Mechanical Sensor 1 Introduction 2 Small Wind Turbine System: The Specification 2.1 Small Wind Turbine 2.2 Experimental Data Measurements: Power, Voltage, Current 3 Digital Control of the Wind Turbine System 3.1 The Digital Algorithm: Applications in Control Card 3.2 The Digital Experimental Control Wind System 3.3 Specification of Step-Up Converter 4 Experimental Results of Numerical Control System 5 Conclusion References New Strategy for Unbalance Compensation Based on PWM AC-Chopper for Railway Applications 1 Introduction 2 Unbalance Analysis 3 Sizing and Control Strategy of the Active Steinmetz Compensator (CCI) 3.1 Sizing of the CCI Compensator 3.2 Control Strategy of the CCI Compensator 3.3 Result of the Unbalance Compensation by CCI 4 Power Losses for the CCI Compensator 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of an MPPT DC–DC Boost Controller using a PV Emulator-Based Test System 1 Introduction 2 System Description 2.1 Description of the Developed PV Emulator 2.2 Description of the MPPT-Controlled DC–DC Boost Converter 3 Simulation Results 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Introduction of a Correction Factor for Predicting Real Stirling Engine Efficiency Based on Ideal Adiabatic Modelling 1 Introduction 2 Principle of Operation and Mathematical Model 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Model Validation 3.2 Analysis of Ideal Adiabatic Model and Losses Assessment 4 Conclusions References Enhancement of Standalone PMSG Wind Turbine System Utilizing Nonlinear Proportional-Integral Control Technique 1 Introduction 1.1 Nomenclature 2 Wind Energy Conversion System Modelling 2.1 Model of the Turbine 2.2 Model of PMSG 3 PMSG Side Converter Control 3.1 Nonlinear Control Law 3.2 Inner Loop 3.3 Outer Loop 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Electric Vehicle NARX Black-Box Modeling of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Automotive Drive Cycles Measurements 1 Introduction 2 NARX Model Structure 3 Experimental Data 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 NARX Model Estimation 4.2 Comparison Between the NARX Model (NARX1) and Other Models 5 Conclusion References Design and Demonstrate an Attack Strategy to Control a Vehicle’s Computer by Targeting Its Electrical Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodelogy 2.1 System Block Diagram 2.2 The Instructions Followed 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Real-Time Power Management Strategy of Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 System Description and Modeling 2.1 Electric Vehicle Modeling 2.2 Lithium-ion Battery Model 2.3 Supercapacitor Model 2.4 Bidirectional Buck–Boost DC/DC Converter Modeling 3 Power Management Control System 3.1 PI Controller Design (Low Level) 3.2 Power Sharing Algorithm (High Level) 4 Simulation Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Controlling Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles in Bends Using Machine Learning 1 Introduction 2 Problem Statement and Resolution Method Presentation 2.1 Problem Statement 2.2 Experimental Protocol and AI Development 2.3 Machine Learning Algorithms Implementation 2.4 Performance Evaluation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Road Grip Prediction Results Using Regression 3.2 Improved Detection Method of Critical Events in Driving Mode 3.3 Prevent Loss of Control When Cornering 4 Conclusion References Modeling and Analysis of a Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Electric Vehicle 1 Introduction 2 Vehicle Topologies 3 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Modeling 3.1 Vehicle Model 3.2 Fuel Cell Model 3.3 Battery Model 4 Energy Management Strategy 4.1 Rule-Based Strategy 4.2 Optimization-Based Strategy 4.3 Learning-Based Strategy 5 Simulation Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Interleaved Boost Converter Control Technique Improvements for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Interleaved Boost Converter Overview, Analysis and Modeling 3 IBC Control Strategy 3.1 Outer Voltage Control Loop 3.2 Inner Current Control Loop 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References IoT and Machine Learning Methods Synergy of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Satellites for Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval Over Wheat Crops in Semi-arid Areas 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Backscatter Time Series 4.2 Surface Soil Moisture Retrieval 5 Conclusion References Smart Greenhouse with Plant Diseases Classification Using Transfer Learning and Deep CNNs 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Greenhouse Description and Database 2.2 Deep CNN Configurations 2.3 Programming Language and Tools 2.4 Performance Evaluation Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References IoT-Based Data Acquisition and Remote Monitoring System for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Solar Radiation Measurement 2.2 Module Surface Temperature Measurement 2.3 Voltage Measurement 2.4 Current Measurement 2.5 Data Acquisition Card 2.6 Wireless Data Transmission 2.7 Data Storage and Analysis 2.8 Energy Consumption and Cost of the System 3 Conclusion References An Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning for Internet of Medical Things 1 Introduction 2 Backgrounds and Related Works 2.1 Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) 2.2 Machine Learning (ML) 2.3 Intrusion Detection System (IDS) 2.4 Dataset 2.5 Related Works 3 Proposed Method 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Hardware and Software Characteristics 4.2 Evaluating the Results 5 Conclusion References Predicting Intensive Care Unit Admission Using Machine and Deep Learning: COVID-19 Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology Used 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Proposed Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Hardware Characteristics 4.2 Evaluating the Results 5 Conclusion References Neural Network-Based Precision Irrigation Scheduling and Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) Assessment 1 Introduction 2 Irrigation System Description 3 Irrigation Strategy Development 4 Neural Network Irrigation Scheduling Strategy 5 System Operation Steps 6 Results and Discussion 7 Conclusion References IoTScal-SC2: Two Cloud Computing Systems-Based Collaboration Solution for Scalability Issue in IoT Networks 1 Introduction 2 Problematic 3 Related Works 4 Proposed Solving Approaches 4.1 Proposed Architectures 4.2 The Proposed Mechanisms 5 Numerical Results 5.1 Success Rate 5.2 RTT Evolution 6 Conclusion References An Effective Ensemble Learning Method for Fault Diagnosis of Photovoltaic Arrays 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Datasets Preparation 2.2 Machine Learning Algorithms (CatBoost, LSTM and PCA) 2.3 The Proposed Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Features Selection and Reduction 3.2 Fault Detection 3.3 Fault Classification 3.4 Comparative Study 4 Conclusion and Future Directions References A Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Forest Fires Detection and Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Backgrounds 2.1 Forest Fires Detection Techniques 2.2 Computer Vision (CV) and Deep Learning (DL) 3 Related Works 4 Our Proposed Method 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Hardware Characteristics 5.2 Evaluating the Results 6 Conclusion References A Review on Precision Irrigation Techniques and Controls for Better Water Use Efficiency in Agriculture 1 Introduction 2 Classification of Irrigation Methods and Performances 3 Design of an Irrigation System 3.1 Crop Water Requirements 3.2 Precision Irrigation 4 Control Techniques for Precision Irrigation 4.1 Open-Loop Control 4.2 Closed-Loop Control 5 Conclusion References Renewable Energy Assessing the Thermal Performance of Traditional and Modern Building Materials for Hot and Arid Climate. Case Study: Er-Rachidia, Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Method and Materials 2.1 Building Description 2.2 Weather Data 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Indoor Temperatures Evaluation 3.2 Analysis of the Monthly Energy Needs 4 Conclusion References Mathematical Modeling of the Serpentine Configuration Evaporator for the Construction of Mini Solar Tower Project in Oujda, Morocco 1 Introduction to the Topic and an Overview of the Literature 2 Configuration of Prototype 3 Mathematical Modelization 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion and Perspectives References Energy Performances of a Photovoltaic Thermal Plant Using Different Coolant Nanofluid 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 TRNSYS Model 2.2 Working Fluids 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Thermal Comparison During Day-Type 3.2 Impact of Nanofluid on the Performances of PV/T System During the Whole year 4 Conclusions References Simulation and Comparative Study of the Effect of the Wet and Dry Cooling Modes on the Performance of Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants in the Arid Zone of Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Simulation Inputs 2.1 Description of the PTC System 2.2 PTC Model 2.3 Solar Plant Design and Simulation Inputs 3 Field of Study and Solar Resource Assessment 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Technical Comparison 4.2 Water Consumption 4.3 Economic Feasibility Analysis 5 Conclusion References CFD and Wake Analysis of the Wind Flow Through Two Wind Turbines 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Simulation and Yield Analysis of a Solar Tower Plant Combined with Seawater Desalination System in the Mediterranean Area 1 Introduction 2 Methodology and Simulation Inputs 2.1 Mathematical Modeling 2.2 Solar Plant and Desalination System Design Parameters 3 Resource Assessment of the Investigated Location 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Solar Tower Assessment 4.2 Desalination Assessment 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Photovoltaic, Wind and Hybrid Energy Systems for the Power-to-Hydrogen (PtH) Concept in Eastern Morocco 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Electricity Production 2.2 Hydrogen Production 2.3 Levelized Cost of Production 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Improvement of the Mirror Cleanliness Control Methodology in a Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Power Plant 1 Introduction 2 Solar Field and Control Methodology 2.1 Solar Field Description 2.2 Control Procedure 3 Improvement of the Control Methodology 3.1 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Seasonal Variation of Atmospheric Absorptivity in Ouarzazate 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Measures Used 2.2 Data Analysis Procedure 3 Results and discussion 4 Conclusions References Development of a New Monitoring Method for Rotating Machines Based on Maintenance 4.0—A Case Study of Unbalance and Misalignment 1 Introduction 2 Processing System 2.1 Intrusion Detection System (IDS) 2.2 Data Acquisition System (DAQ) 3 Proposed Methodology 3.1 Project Architecture 3.2 Methods 4 Results Analysis 4.1 Results of Monitoring 4.2 Results of Diagnostic 5 Conclusion and Perspectives References CSP Mirror Soiling Modeling from Measured Weather Factors and Forecasting Using OpenWeatherMap Server 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Soiling Data Collection 2.2 Soiling Index Measurement 2.3 Meteorological Parameters Versus Soiling 2.4 Soiling Modeling 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 MLR Models 3.2 ANN 3.3 Soiling Index Prediction Using OpenWeatherMap Server 4 Conclusion References Modeling a Real-Time Prediction System for Solar Collector Reflectivity Using Fuzzy Petri Net 1 Introduction 2 Modeling and Results of the Prediction System 2.1 Preparation of the Rules Base Using FPR and ES 2.2 FPN Model for Reflectivity Prediction System 2.3 Model Results 3 Conclusion References Experimental Validation of a Photovoltaic/Electrolysis System Dedicated to Supplying an Alternating Load and Producing Hydrogen 1 Introduction 2 Photovoltaic/Electrolysis System 2.1 System Description 2.2 Optimization of the PV System 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Operating Mode 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Numerical Modeling of a Two-Dimensional Multiphase Flow Through a Porous Dam-Break 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equations 3 Numerical Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References High Order Scheme for Numerical Simulation of an Oblique Shock Overbreak a Ramp 1 Introduction 2 Governing Equations 3 Numerical Methods 3.1 Finite Volume Approach 3.2 Convective Flux Approximations 3.3 Second-Order Accuracy 4 Time Integration 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Modeling of the Magnetohydrodynamic Flow of the Nanofluid Confined Between Two Parallel Plates 1 Introduction 2 Problem Description and Governing Equations 3 Implementation of Homotopy Perturbation Method 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Autonomous Solar Photovoltaic/Battery System for the Electrification of Wastewater Pumping Stations 1 Introduction 2 Wastewater Pumping Station and PV/Battery System 2.1 Wastewater Pumping Station 2.2 PV/Battery System 3 Electric Systems Cascade Extended Method (ESCEA) 3.1 The ESCEA Algorithm for Sizing Autonomous PV/Battery System 3.2 Reliability and Economic Analysis 4 Case Study 5