Proceedings of the 3rd International Civil Engineering and Architecture Conference: CEAC 2023, 17-20 March, Kyoto, Japan (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 389)

This book collects the scientific proceedings presented during the "2023 The 3rd International Civil Engineering and Architecture Conference” held in Kyoto in March 2023 with the aim of showing the latest advancements in theoretical and applied research in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector. Worldwide, the growing demand is for green and smart buildings that are perfectly integrated into the surrounding environment, have efficient energy and resource consumption, use environmentally friendly materials and renewable energies, favor recycling and reuse, and offer improved indoor comfort and air quality. The book provides readers with an overview of the ongoing transformation of the AEC industry presenting a thorough investigation of the emerging trends and challenges in the fields of green building design, construction and operation. Its content caters to researchers, engineers and architects working in the field of theoretical, experimental and practical civil engineering and architecture.​ Organization Preface Contents Cement Mortar and Concrete Engineering Design and Performance Waste Clay Brick Binders for Low-Carbon Concrete Pavement Construction 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Experimental Program 2.2 Assessment of the Environmental Performance 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Mechanical Performance 3.2 Durability Performance 3.3 Drying Shrinkage 3.4 Serviceability Performance 3.5 Environmental Performance 4 Conclusion References Effect of Superplasticizer on the Properties of Kenaf Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme 2.1 Material 2.2 Mix Proportions 2.3 Mixing, Casting and Curing 2.4 Testing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Properties of Kenaf Fibres 3.2 Workability of KFRGC 3.3 Dry Density 3.4 Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) 3.5 Compressive Strength 4 Conclusion References Investigation on the Effect of Pulverized Black Tea Waste (PBTW) and Eggshell Powder (ESP) as Partial Replacement of Cement on the Mechanical Properties of Normal Weight Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Preparation of Materials 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Properties of Materials Used 3.2 Result of Tests of Concrete Specimen 3.3 SEM Analysis of Controlled and Composite Samples 4 Conclusion References Experimental and Numerical Investigation on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Cement 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Short Carbon Fiber 2.2 High-Early-Strength Cement 3 Results 3.1 Compressive Testing 3.2 Micromechanical Analysis 3.3 Simulation 4 Results References Influence of Synthesized Nanosilica on Properties of Wood Ash Cement Mortar 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Synthesis of Nanosilica 2.3 Preparation of Specimens 2.4 Testing of the Samples 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Setting Times 3.2 Flexural Strength 3.3 Compressive Strength 4 Conclusion References Assessing the Impact of Petroleum Sludge Ash on the Compressive Strength of Fly Ash-Palm Oil Clinker Geopolymer Mortar 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 2 Experimental Investigation 2.1 Material 2.2 Mix Proportion of Geopolymer Mortar with POCP 2.3 Mix Proportion of Geopolymer Mortar with POCP and PSA 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Chemical Composition 3.2 Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Mortar with POCP 4 Conclusion References Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Water Hyacinth Extract Utilized for Curing on the Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Concrete 2.2 Curing 2.3 Testing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results of Mechanical Testing 4 Conclusion References Development of Additive for Concrete 3D Printer by Using Local Materials 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Concrete Delamination Characterization by Multi-Channel Sur- Face Rayleigh Wave Measurement 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Simulation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 WT Attenuation Coefficient Index 3.2 Phase Velocity Index 4 Conclusion References Advanced Building Materials and the Properties Mix Design for Cellular Concrete Applied in Masonry Units Using Decyl Glucoside as a Foaming Agent for Construction in High Andean Cities in 2022 1 Introduction 2 Development 3 Tests and Set-Up 4 Aim 5 Results 5.1 Weight 5.2 Density 5.3 Compressive Resistance 5.4 Resistance to Compression in Relation to Weight 6 Conclusion References Compressive Strength Performance of 7-Day Non-load Bearing Concrete Hollow Blocks with Pili Shell as Partial Replacement to Sand Using Box-Behnken Design 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Materials Preparation 2.2 Batching and Casting of CHB 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Parametric Study 3.2 Statistical Analysis Using Box-Behnken Design 4 Conclusion References Circular Economy in Buildings: Service Life Considerations of Paint 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Circular Economy: A Working Definition 2.2 Embodied Energy: An Overview 2.3 United Arab Emirates: Study Context 2.4 Paint as a Building Material 3 Research Method 3.1 Case Study Villa 3.2 Embodied Energy Assessment 3.3 Base Case and Alternative Scenarios 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Life Cycle Embodied Energy of the Paint Used in the Villa 4.2 Sensitivity Analysis 5 Conclusion References Development of Rapid-Setting Repair Materials Through One-Part Geopolymer Technology 1 Introduction 2 Material and Experiment Method 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Various Factors on the Setting Time of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Paste] 3.2 Effect of Various Factors on the Compressive Strength of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Paste] 3.3 Effect of Various Factors on Flexural Strength of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Paste] 3.4 Effect of Various Factors on Shrinkage of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Paste] 3.5 Effect of Various Factors on the Setting Time of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Mortar] 3.6 Effect of Various Factors on the Compressive Strength of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Mortar] 3.7 Effect of Various Factors on the Flexural Strength of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Mortar] 3.8 Effect of Various Factors on the Shrinkage of [Rapid-Setting Repair Geopolymer Mortar] 4 Conclusion References Reducing Embodied Energy of Floor Assembly: A Case for Using CLT in Mid-Rise Residential Buildings 1 Introduction and Background 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References The Relationship Between the Surface Characteristics and Corrosion Properties of Carbon Steel Affected by Abrasive Water-Jet Treatment 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Specimens 2.2 Surface Profile and Roughness 2.3 Hardness and Microstructure 2.4 Electrochemical Test 3 Test Result 3.1 Surface Profile in the Treated Surface 3.2 Changes in Hardness and Microstructure of AWT Specimens According to Standoff Distance 3.3 Difference in Corrosion Properties 4 Conclusion References Study of Mechanical Properties of Solvent Cement Connection for PVC Pipes 1 Introduction 2 Axial Mechanical Properties 2.1 Finite Element Model 2.2 Results and Discussion 3 Buried Pipeline Mechanical Properties 3.1 Finite Element Model 3.2 Analysis and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Synthesis and Application of Graphene-Phase Biochar from Theobroma Cacao Pod Husks Using Slow Pyrolysis Technique in the Treatment of Fats, Oil, and Grease from Actual Wastewater 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Synthesis of Adsorbent 2.2 Packed-Bed Column Adsorption Experiments 2.3 Analysis of FOG in Wastewater 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Parametric Studies 4 Conclusion References Reinforced Concrete Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics An Experimental Study on the Repair Evaluation of Deteriorated RC Beams Using Natural Frequency and Mechanical Behavior Related to Damage Condition 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Method 2.1 Details of the Experiment 2.2 Repair Method 2.3 Method of the Material Test 2.4 Procedure of the Static Loading Test 2.5 Method of the IVT 3 Result of the Experiment 3.1 Result of the Concrete Core Test 3.2 Result of the Static Loading Test 3.3 Result of the IVT and Quantitative Evaluation for Repair 4 Conclusion References Finite Element Simulation of Externally-Prestressed Concrete Girders 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Model 2.1 Concrete 2.2 Steel Reinforcement 2.3 External Tendons 2.4 Loading Conditions, Mesh Size and Steel Plates 2.5 Investigated Specimens 3 Numerical Results and Discussions 3.1 Ultimate Loading Capacities and Failure Modes 3.2 Applied Load-Midspan Deflection Relationships 3.3 Crack Pattern at Failure 4 Conclusion References Dilated Brick Masonary Infills to Avoid the Diagonal Compression Struts During Lateral Reversed Cyclic Load 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Specimens 2.2 The Experimental Setup, Instrumentation, and Loading 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Effect of Longitudinal Tension Bars on Performance of Composite Light Gauge Steel and Concrete of a Plate Structure 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Specimens 2.2 Experimental Setup 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Crack Pattern 3.2 Structural Stiffness 3.3 Ductility 4 Conclusion References Influence of Axial Load on the Ductility of Type “C” Reinforced Concrete Walls with Longitudinal Reinforcement Variation in the Cores 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Construction of the Curvature Moment Diagram 3.1 Hypothesis to Consider Generating the Moment–Curvature Diagram 3.2 Cracking Point (Point A—Mcr) 3.3 Creep Point (Point B—My) 3.4 Ductility 4 Results 5 Discussion of Results 6 Conclusion References Study on Masonry Soil Joint Adding Rock Salt 1 Introduction 2 Rock Salt Addition Case (N5) 2.1 Parameters of N5 Case (Fig. 3) 3 Magnesium Addition Case (N6) 3.1 Parameters of N6 Case 4 Effect of Water Ratio (N7) 4.1 Parameters of N7 Case 5 Yellow Soil Case (N9) 5.1 Parameters of N7 Case 6 Conclusion References The Approximate Equation for Global Buckling Load of Grid Shell Domes 1 Introduction 2 Design Parameters and Analytical Cases 2.1 Geometric Parameters and Effective Stiffness 2.2 Analytical Cases 3 Principle of Fitting Method 4 Numerical Analysis 4.1 Analytical Results 4.2 The Fitting of the Approximate Equation 5 Conclusion References Experimental Test of Perforated Steel Plate Shear Wall Under Cyclic Load 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Setup and Loading Protocol 2.2 Specimens Detail 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Identification of Column Bases’ Stiffnesses in Steel Moment-Resisting Frames Based on Fishbone Model and Bayesian Inference 1 Introduction 2 Column Base Stiffness Identification Method 2.1 Shear and Rotational Stiffness of the Column Base 2.2 Eigenvalue Problem of Fishbone Model 2.3 Fishbone Model Updating 3 Numerical Example 4 Conclusion References A Finite Element Analysis on Behavior of a T-stub Type Gusset Plate in Different Bolted Connection Configurations 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Modeling 3 Result and Comparison 4 Conclusion References Seismic Design and Seismic Response of Building Structures Displacement Performance of 8 Storeys Hotel Building Using Nonlinear Time History Analysis Method 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology of Research 3.1 Structural Modelling 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Energy Dissipation Structure of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Additional Metal Damping 1 Introduction 2 Damping Performance Curve of Single-Particle-System with Metal Damping 3 Computational Mode 4 The Calculation Process of Additional Metal Damping 5 Conclusion References Discussion of “Strong Column—Weak Beam” in Capacity Design Method 1 Introduction 2 Capacity Design Method 3 The Concrete Practice of Capacity Design Method in National Codes 3.1 New Zealand Code 3.2 American Code 3.3 European Code 3.4 Japanese Code 3.5 Chinese Code 3.6 The Similarities and Differences of National Codes 4 The Influence of Column End Moment Amplification Coefficient on the Difference of Bending Capacity Between Beam and Column 4.1 Typical Frame Design 4.2 Calculation of Flexural Bearing Capacity of Column End and Beam End 4.3 The Ratio of Flexural Capacity of Column End to Beam End Under Strong Earthquake 5 Thoughts on the Column End Moment Amplification Coefficient Method 6 Conclusion References Experimental Study of Cylindrical Steel Slit Damper for Passive Energy Dissipation 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Study of CSSD 2.1 CSSD Configuration 2.2 Torsional Stiffness and Strength of CSSD 3 Cyclic Loading Tests 3.1 Test Setup 3.2 Test Specimens and Loading Histories 3.3 Test Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Lintel Type Damping Device for Seismic Retrofit of Shear Wall Structure 1 Seismic Behavior of Shear Wall Structure 2 Hysteric Characteristic of Lintel Type Damping Device 3 Numerical Analysis of the Shear Wall Structure 4 Conclusion References Simulation Analysis of Steel Frames Supported by Foundations at Different Ground Levels with the Self-Centering Column Base Joints on the Upper Ground 1 Introduction 2 Structural Design of Steel Frames Supported by Foundations at Different Ground Levels with Self-Centering Column Base Joints on the Upper Ground 2.1 Structure of Self-Centering Column Base Joints 2.2 Force Mechanism of Self-Center Column Base Joints 2.3 The Structure of the Steel Frames Supported by Foundations at Different Ground Levels 3 Finite Element Model 3.1 Model Design 3.2 Geometric Model 3.3 Steel Constitutive 3.4 Interaction 3.5 Loading Scheme 4 Analysis of Simulation Results 4.1 Hysteretic Properties of Specimens 5 Stiffness Degradation 5.1 Energy Dissipation Capacity 5.2 Residual Deformation 5.3 Stress Distribution 5.4 Application Limitations 6 Conclusion References Derivation of Response Spectra and Hysteretic Energy: A Case Study on 2023 Turkey-Syria Earthquake in Consideration of Structural Ductility 1 Introduction 2 Case-Study Event: 2023 Turkey-Syria Earthquake 3 Methodology 3.1 Estimation of Seismic Input Energy and Hysteretic Energy 3.2 Selection of Ground Motion Records 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 Response Spectra 4.2 Hysteretic Energy 5 Conclusion References Dynamic Seismic Analysis and Design of the Clock Tower Structure 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Standards Used 2.2 Design Loads 2.3 Dead Cargo (D) 2.4 Ceiling First Level to Sixth Level 2.5 Live Cargo (L) 2.6 Ceiling First Level to Sixth Level 2.7 Earthquake Load (Sx, Sy) 2.8 General Conditions for Design 2.9 Structuring 2.10 Seismic Amplification Factor 2.11 Building Category and Use Factor 2.12 Structural Configuration of the Building 2.13 Structural System and Seismic Reduction Coefficient 3 Results 3.1 Weight of the Building 3.2 Lateral Displacement Control 3.3 Foundation Design 4 Conclusion References Building Integrated Photovoltaics, Building Thermal Environment and Thermal Comfort A Case Study on the Design Model of Sunroom in the New Rural Houses in West China from the Perspective of Carbon Emission 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Typical Buildings 4 Software Simulation 4.1 Tool Selection 4.2 Model Setting 4.3 Results of Simulation 5 Correlation Analysis 5.1 Orientation 5.2 Sunroom 6 Conclusion References Watertightness Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Solar Panel Structure for Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Roofs 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Related Codes and Standards 2.2 Case Description and Watertightness Experiments 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Watertightness Experiments with Dynamic Rain 3.2 Watertightness Performance Comparison of Different BIPV Roofs 3.3 An Experimental Method to Mark Water Leakage 4 Conclusion References Evaluation of PV Utilization Potential of University Building Roofs Based on PVsyst Software Simulation 1 Introduction 2 Overview of Existing Studies 3 Solar Resource Conditions in Xi'an Area 4 Tool and Methods of Research 5 Selection of Case Building 6 Modeling and Simulation 6.1 Available Roofing Area 6.2 Layout Scheme of PV Array 7 Simulation and Evaluation 7.1 Estimation of Generation Potential 7.2 Analysis of the Benefits 7.3 Assessment of the Overall Power Generation Potential 8 Conclusion References Reallocation of Supply Air in Large Indoor Spaces Considering Thermal Coupling 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 CFD and BEM Coupling Framework 2.2 Optimal Supply Air Reallocation Model 3 Case Study 3.1 BEM-CFD Co-Simulation 3.2 Model Validation 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Qualitative Analysis of Thermal Environment Non-Uniformity 4.2 Quantitative Analysis of Thermal Environment Non-Uniformity 5 Conclusion References Investigation on the Influence of Insolation on Winter Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Activity Space on Campus in a Cold Region of China 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 On-Site Measurement 3.2 Overview of the Survey 3.3 Thermal Comfort 3.4 Influence of Outdoor Space with and Without Insolation 3.5 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis 4 Conclusion References A Novel Low-Temperature Personalized Radiant Cooler: Thermal Environment and Local Thermal Comfort Evaluation 1 Introduction 2 Theory of the Thermal Environment and Thermal Comfort 3 Case Studies 3.1 Setup of Cases 3.2 Personalized Thermal Environment Analysis 3.3 Personalized Thermal Comfort Analysis 4 Conclusion References An Empirical Study of the Effects of Green Roof on the Outdoor and Indoor Thermal Environment of a College Buildings in Winter 1 Introduction 2 Existing Researches 3 Object and Method 3.1 Object of the Study 3.2 Method of the Study 4 On-Site Measurement 4.1 Process of Measurement 4.2 Results of Investigation 5 Conclusion References Sustainable and Creative Architectural Design Passive Design Strategies with Thermal Capacity in Contemporary African Educational Architecture 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Framework 2.2 Case Studies 3 Results 3.1 Spatial Composition 3.2 Wind Environment 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Sustainable House Design Thru Passive and Active Strategies with Python Language. Case Study Ras Al Khaimah (RAK), UAE 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 RAK Weather and Site Conditions 2.2 Design Selection 2.3 Project Progress 2.4 Passive Strategies 2.5 Active Strategies 2.6 Tools and Resources 3 Results 4 Conclusion References The Art of Sustainable Architecture Creation and Evaluation 1 Introduction 1.1 The Issue 1.2 The Solution 2 The Concepts of Sustainability and the Role of the Hierarchy 2.1 Bottom-Up Approach 2.2 Top-Down Approach 3 The Prototype of Evaluation of Level of Sustainable Solutions: Case Study 3.1 Strategy 3.2 Status 3.3 Authenticity 3.4 Contribution 3.5 Insights on Levels of Sustainable Architecture 4 Conclusion References The Effect of Geometry Parameters on Daylighting of School Buildings in the Gaza Strip 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1.2 Typical Features of School Buildings 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Daylight Analysis 3.2 Illumination and SDA 4 Conclusion References Analysis Model for Industrialized Housing Design and Assembly Process 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Methods and Techniques 3.2 Model Development 3.3 Case Studies 3.4 Design-Construction Analysis of the Case Studies 4 Analysis and Findings 4.1 Industrialization of a Material System 4.2 Industrialization of the Technical System 4.3 Industrialization of the Assembly Order 4.4 The Analytical Model 5 Conclusion References Visioning New Methodology for Creative Architecture in the Third Millennium of Knowledge Society 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Aim 1.2 Research Objectives 1.3 Research Methodology 2 Architectural Design 2.1 Theory of Architectural Design Creativity via Pragmatist Philosophy Vision 2.2 The Epitome of New Era Architectural Design Innovative Thought 3 Architectural Design Creativity 3.1 Architectural Design 3.2 Architectural Creativity 4 Innovative Architectural Thought New Visioning 4.1 Architectural Innovative Pillars 4.2 Architectural Design Innovation Thought Stages—Proposed Roadmap 5 Innovative Architectural Thought Optimal Practicing Initiative 6 Conclusion References Lumiducts Implementation and Their Relation to Luminous Comfort in High Andean Homes in the District of Huamancaca-Peru in 2021 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Population and Sample 2.2 Instruments 3 Context 4 Proposal 4.1 Housing 4.2 Lumiduct 5 Results 5.1 Analysis in the Dialux Software 5.2 Model with Lumiduct 5.3 Housing with Lumiduct 6 Conclusion References Mars Habitat Design Thru Parametric Structures Based on United Arab Emirates Heritage 1 Introduction 1.1 Analysis of Mars Conditions 1.2 Schematic Design, Standards of Living in Space 1.3 Connection to UAE Architectural Heritage 1.4 Modelling and Simulation 2 Results 3 Conclusion References An Experimental Study and Sensitivity Analysis of Design Parameters of Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Roofs for Rain Noise Reduction 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Experimental Studies 2.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Design Parameters of the BIPV Roof System 3 Results 3.1 Sound Power Levels of the Room 3.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Room and BIPV System Design Parameters for Rain Noise Reduction 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Low Carbon Design Strategy of Regional Airport Terminal Based on Building Carbon Emission Calculation Standard 1 Introduction 2 Production and Transportation Stage of Building Materials 2.1 Adopt Modular and Expandable System 2.2 Using Digital Models for Full Process Control 2.3 Select Building Materials with Low Carbon Emission Factor 2.4 Use Recyclable Building Materials 2.5 Select Local Materials 2.6 Lightweight Steel Structure 3 Building Construction and Demolition Stage 3.1 Structural Engineering—Adopt Prefabricated Technology 3.2 Reconstruction and Reuse of Existing Buildings 4 Operation Stage 4.1 Natural Lighting 4.2 Natural Ventilation 4.3 Renewable Energy 4.4 Building Carbon Sink System 5 Conclusion References Hydraulic Engineering and Flood Control Coupled Hydrologic-Hydraulic Modeling-Based Flood Inundation Mapping for a Segment of the Tullahan River in Valenzuela City, Philippines 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 The Study Area 2.2 Data for Modeling 2.3 Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Watershed Delineation and Hydrology Model Calibration 3.2 Hydraulic Modeling Using HEC-RAS 4 Conclusion References Modeling of the Submersible Plate System to Counteract Erosion in the Huallaga River, Case: Yurimaguas—Loreto 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Basin in HEC HMS Software 2.3 Simulations in IBER Software 2.4 Simulation in ANSYS Software 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Iber Software Results 3.2 Ansys Software Results 3.3 Discussion of IBER Software Results 3.4 Discussion of the Ansys Software Results 3.5 Validation of Results 4 Conclusion 4.1 IBER 4.2 ANSYS References Soft Computing Method for Settling Velocity Prediction of Fine Sediment in Retention Structure 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Research on Scour Monitoring Techniques for Bridge Pile Foundations 1 Introduction 2 Scour Monitoring for the Bridge Pile Foundation Based on the Direct Monitoring Technique 2.1 Scour Monitoring Based on the Grating Fiber Sensing Technology 2.2 Scour Monitoring Based on the Time-Domain Reflectometry Sensing Technology 2.3 Scour Monitoring Based on the Electromagnetic Sensing Principle 2.4 Scour Monitoring Based on Acoustic, Optical and Thermal Sensing Principles 3 Scour Monitoring for the Bridge Pile Foundation Based on the Indirect Monitoring Technique 4 Conclusion References Infrastructure Projects and Municipal Engineering A Review of Approaches to Drainage System Management: Current Status and Future Research Directions 1 Introduction 2 Method of Collection 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Brief Ancient Historical Development of Drainage System Management 3.2 Government Action on the Management and Public Utilization of Drainage System 3.3 Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SuDS) 4 Conclusion References Influence of Parameter Variation of Saturated–Unsaturated Soil on Deformation and Stability of Foundation Pit 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Model 3 Case Application 3.1 Project Overview 3.2 Engineering Geological Conditions 3.3 Finite Element Model and Horizontal Displacement 3.4 Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References An Urban Public Transport Resilience Assessment Methodology Based on a Two-Carbon Context 1 Introduction 2 Data and Methods 2.1 Source of Data 2.2 Methods 2.3 Calculation of Resilience 3 Analysis of Results 3.1 Overall Urban Transport Resilience Assessment 3.2 Urban Transport Resilience Assessment with Different Number of Interchanges 4 Conclusion References Advanced Intervention Phase of High-Speed Rail Construction Catenary and Track Synchronization Precise Measurement Fine Adjustment Exploration 1 Introduction 2 Catenary's Relationship with Precision Measurement Network 3 Precise Measurement Implementation of Fine Adjustment 4 Conclusion References Research on the Integrated Design Method of Construction and Maintenance in the Whole Life Cycle of Expressway 1 Introduction 2 Comparative Analysis of Traditional Design and Full Life Cycle Design Process 3 Research on Influencing Factors 3.1 Technical Factors 3.2 Institutional Factors 3.3 Economic Factors 3.4 Environmental Factors 4 Research on the Design Method of Expressway Life Cycle 4.1 Design Requirements 4.2 Design Contents 5 Design Cost Analysis of Whole Life Cycle 6 Conclusions References Urban Architectural Image and Urban Planning Architectural Identity of the City of Tirana, Albania. Overview of the Past, Present, and Future Expectations with Focus on the Residential Buildings (Inner Circle) 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Analysis of the City Urban Development 2.2 Evaluation of the Architectural History Influences 2.3 Current Architectural Language 2.4 Future Expectations of the City Architectural Identity 3 Results 4 Conclusion References Factors Affecting the Formation of Architectural Space and Construction Systems in the Jordanian Vernacular Architecture 1 Introduction 2 The Relationship Between Building Materials and Architecture 3 Traditional Construction Systems 3.1 Architectural Formation Using Clay and Limestone as Building Materials, and the System of Load-Bearing Walls 3.2 Roofing and Construction in the Northern Badia Region with Black Volcanic Stones (Basalt) 4 Modern Construction Techniques in Jordan, Adopting Load-Bearing Walls 4.1 First Case Study: Jordanian Agricultural Engineers Association 4.2 Second Case Study: Dar Al-Uquod 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References The Construction Typology and Its Relationship in the Architectural Image of the Buildings in the City of Oxapampa, a South German Colony Located Within the High Forest of the Department of Pasco in Central Peru 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 In the Thesis “Architectural Patterns of the Traditional Architecture of the Historic Center of Concepción—JUNIN 2017” [5] 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Analysis of the Typology of Dwellings in the Monumental Urban Environment Through the Use of the Opinion Survey 3.2 Comparative Chart Between Austro-German Architecture in the City of Oxapampa—Peru, in Germany and in Austria 4 Discussion of Results 5 Conclusions References Transformation of Architectural Elements of Rumah Gaba-Gaba in Merauke Old Town, South of Papua: An Embodiment of Adaptation 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Elements Under the Floor 3.2 Floor Elements 3.3 Wall and Column Elements 3.4 Roof Elements 4 Conclusions References Research on the Reconstruction Strategy of Historic Districts Under the Background of Carbon Neutrality—Taking Qinzhou Historic Districts in Guangxi as an Example 1 Introduction 2 Qinzhou Historical District and Transformation Status 3 Suggestions on Reconstruction Strategy of Qinzhou Historic District 3.1 Overall Planning Strategy 3.2 Energy Consumption Reduction Strategy 3.3 Micro—Transformation Strategy of Block Building 3.4 Lighting Transformation Strategy 3.5 Traffic System Transformation Strategy 3.6 Tourism Value Development Strategy 4 Conclusion References Identifying the Influencing Factors for the Walkability of Business Streets Based on Urban Multi-source Data 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of Walkability to Business Environment 1.2 Street Quality Related to Walkability 1.3 Factors Affecting Customer’s Experience 1.4 Research Gaps and Objectives 2 Methodology 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Data and Samples 2.3 Statistical Analysis 2.4 Endogenous and Exogenous Variables 2.5 Latent Variables and Observable Indicators 3 Results 3.1 Measurement Model Test 3.2 Analytical Result 4 Conclusion References Drawing the Invisible: Visualizing Patterns of Occupation in Two Streets in Shanghai 1 Introduction 2 Background: Representing Intangible Information 3 Case Study: Introduction 3.1 Case Study: Methodology 3.2 Case Study: Execution 3.3 Case Study: Using the Activity Counter Maps 3.4 Case Study: Generating the Maps 3.5 Case Study: Combining the Maps 4 Conclusion References The ‘Integration Mode’ of Regeneration of Industrial Heritage, Magna Science Adventure Centre 1 Regeneration of Industrial Heritage 2 Regeneration of Magna Science Adventure Centre 2.1 Historical Context 2.2 Heritage Conservation 2.3 Heritage Regeneration 2.4 Reputation 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Strengths 3.2 Inadequacies 3.3 Applicability 4 Conclusion References Interpreting the Urban Historical Area-Huishan Ancient Town as a Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Case Study-Huishan Ancient Town, Wuxi, China 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Morphological Analysis of Each Period 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Before Becoming an Independent Building: A Study of the Mixed Nature of Chemistry Laboratory Space from the 16th-18th Centuries 1 Introduction 2 The Mixed Nature of Early Chemistry 3 Chemistry as a Personal Hobby: Mixture of Chemistry Laboratory Space and Private Residence Space 3.1 “Uraniborg” by Tycho Brahe 3.2 “The Chemical House” by Andreas Libavius 4 Chemistry as a Court Economic Instrument: Mixture of Chemistry Laboratory Space and Art Space 4.1 The Casino Di San Marco 4.2 Uffizi Gallery 5 Chemistry as an Adjunct to Medicine and Pharmacy: Mixture of Chemistry Laboratory Space and Pharmacy Space 6 Chemistry as Institutional Research: The Emergence of an Independent Chemistry Laboratory Building 6.1 The Royal Society’s “College” Plan and the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University 6.2 Chemistry Laboratory Building at Uppsala University 7 Conclusion References Information Technology and Modeling in Construction Building Information Modeling-Based Virtual Reality System for Four-Dimensional Progress Simulation and Construction Safety Training 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 4D Progress Simulation 2.2 Integration of BIM into VR 2.3 Integration of 4D Progress Simulation into VR 2.4 Integration of BIM into Occupational Safety 3 System Development 3.1 BIM Construction 3.2 Construction Schedule Development 3.3 Simulation System Development 4 Case Study 4.1 BIM Construction