Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Civil Engineering and Smart Structures (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 474)

This book presents the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Civil Engineering and Smart Structures (ACESS2023), held on November 25-26, 2023, in Chengdu, China. ACESS2023 successfully brought together innovative academics and industrial experts from the field of civil engineering and smart structures to a common forum. The conference featured a special schedule comprising thought-provoking keynote speeches, thematic invited speeches sessions, and panel discussions to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange. The conference also offered participants a chance to immerse themselves in Chengdu's rich culture and heritage, ensuring a memorable and rewarding experience for all attendees. This book encapsulates the wealth of knowledge and insights shared during the conference, making it an invaluable resource for researchers, professionals, and students in the field. Preface Organization Contents Comparison of Construction Schemes for Small-Space Tunnels with Large Sections and Shallow Depth in Jointed Weak Rocks 1 Introduction 2 Engineering Background 3 Numerical Simulation of Construction Scheme 3.1 Finite Element Model and Input Parameters 3.2 Simulation of Construction Process 4 Comparison of Different Construction Schemes 4.1 Tunnel Crown Settlement 4.2 Horizontal Deformation of Surrounding Rocks 4.3 Stress Characteristics of Middle Rock 4.4 Influence of Feet-Lock Pipes on Tunnel Safety During Construction 5 In-Situ Measurements of Tunnel Deformation 5.1 Construction Scheme Selection 5.2 Field Monitoring of Crown Settlement 6 Conclusions References Study on the Influence of Temperature on the Verticality of Thin-Walled High Pier and the Control Method Based on Measured Temperature 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Active Control Method for Verticality of High Pier Under Temperature 3.1 Distribution of Temperature Difference Along Wall Thickness 3.2 Verticality Active Control 4 Temperature Field Monitoring Program 5 Finite Element Analysis Model 6 Correction of Mold Elevation Based on Measured Temperature Data 7 Conclusions References Fine Analysis of the Main Bridge of the No. 2 Bridge of the Shouyang Huaihe River Mega Bridge 1 Introduction 2 Analysis Process 3 Frequency-Encounter Combination Effect 3.1 Top Plate Longitudinal Stress 3.2 Bottom Plate Longitudinal Stress 3.3 Web Plate Longitudinal Stress 3.4 Top Plate Transverse Stress 3.5 Bottom Plate Transverse Stress 4 Conclusions References FFT-Enhanced 4th-Order Spectral Representation Method: Simulating Non-Gaussian Wind Pressures 1 Introduction 2 Higher-Order Statistical Properties 2.1 Moment and Cumulant 2.2 Polyspectra 3 4th-Order SRM 4 Numerical Example 5 Conclusion References Effect on Macroscopic Properties and Value Analysis of Waste Glass Powder Replacing Cement of Foamed Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Experimental Materials 2.2 Experimental Methods 2.3 Experimental Design 3 Influence of WGP on Macroscopic Properties of Foamed Concrete 3.1 Mechanical Properties: Compressive Strength and Dry Density 3.2 Durability: Shrinkage and Softening Coefficient 4 Value Engineering Analysis of WGP Foamed Concrete 4.1 Functional Coefficient Analysis of WGP Foamed Concrete 4.2 Analysis of Environmental Cost Coefficient of WGP Foamed Concrete 4.3 Value Analysis of WGP Foamed Concrete 5 Conclusions References Study on the Impact of Urban Road Network on Commercial Layout – a Case Study of Chengdu 1 Introduction 2 Research Methods 2.1 Space Syntax 2.2 Nuclear Density Estimation Method 2.3 Nuclear Density Estimation Method 3 Case Analysis 3.1 Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Retail Commerce in the Third Ring Road of Chengdu 3.2 Analysis of Road Network Form in the Inner City of Chengdu Third Ring Road 3.3 Analysis of Road Network Form in the Inner City of Chengdu Third Ring Road 4 Conclusion and Discussion References Sensitivity Study of Coupling Effect of Upper Substructure on Main Structure in Floor Response Spectrum Analysis of Nuclear Power Plant Building 1 Introduction 2 General Analysis Theory and Method 2.1 Seismic Analysis Theory 2.2 Main-Sub Structure Interaction Theory 3 Input Data for Calculation Analysis 3.1 Structural Information 3.2 Ground Input Motion 3.3 Modelling of Structures and Substructures 4 Comparison of Floor Response Spectrum Calculation Results 5 Conclusions References Comprehensive Workflow for Documenting Corporate Commuting Emissions: A University Case Study with Two Alternative Approaches 1 Introduction 1.1 Background and Rationale 1.2 Objective and Scope 2 Introduction 2.1 Two Alternative Approaches 2.2 Two Alternative Approaches 2.3 Data Processing and Analysis 2.4 Calculation of Commuting Emissions 2.5 Reference Campus 3 Results 3.1 Commuting Emissions Calculated Using the Conventional Approach 3.2 Commuting Emissions Calculated Using the Novel Approach 4 Discussion 4.1 Data Validation for the Novel Approach 4.2 Error Interpretation 4.3 Suggested Application 5 Conclusions References Numerical Simulation of Shear Characteristics of Reef Limestone-Concrete Interface 1 Introduction 2 Principles of FDEM 3 Direct Shear Test of Reef Limestone-Concrete Interface 4 Numerical Simulation of Shear Failure at Reef Limestone-Concrete Interface 4.1 Model Description and Parameters Selection 4.2 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusions References Ice Factors Overview for Offshore Platforms 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Conclusion References Simplified Simulation of New Load-Bearing Cold-Formed Steel Composite Walls with Two Failure Modes Under Fire Condition 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Failure Modes for New CFS Composite Walls 2.1 Configuration of New Composite Walls 2.2 Analysis of Failure Modes 3 Simplified Model 3.1 Simplified Simulation Model 3.2 Numerical Simulation Analysis of specimen S1 3.3 Material Properties 3.4 Simplified model in Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 3.5 Load and Boundary Condition 3.6 Element type and Size 3.7 Simulation Result Analysis 4 Method of Modified Linear Expansion Coefficient 4.1 Linear Expansion Coefficient 4.2 Simulation Analysis of Specimen S2 5 Conclusion References Study on Mechanical Effect of Composite Enclosure Structure of Open Cut Subway Station in Deep Backfill Area with Water-Rich Soil and Rock 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Testing of Rich Soil-Rock Mixtures 2.1 Test Equipment and Materials 2.2 Experimental Testing Procedure 2.3 Analysis of Experimental Test Results 3 Composite Retaining Structure Force Characteristic Calculation 3.1 Equivalent Bending Stiffness of Composite Retaining Piles 3.2 Structural Analysis Based on Elastic Support Method 4 Conclusion References Offshore Platforms in Arctic Icy Environment 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Conclusion and Discussion References Managing Construction Claims and Conflicts: Insights from Peru 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Research Design 2.2 Population 2.3 Sample Collection 2.4 Statistical Analysis 3 Results 3.1 Population and Sample Size 3.2 Characterization of Survey Respondents 3.3 Relevance of Claims Causes According to Respondents 4 Discussion 4.1 Interpretation of Findings 4.2 Comparison with Other Studies 5 Practical Solutions and Recommendations 6 Challenges and Future Directions 7 Conclusion References Comparison of Progressive Collapse Simulation Approaches for RC Structures Under the Scenario of Corner Column Loss 1 Introduction 2 Study on Progressive Collapse Simulation Approaches 2.1 Description of Structure and Experiment 2.2 Numerical Procedures of Progressive Collapse Simulation Approaches 2.3 Finite Element Mesh 2.4 Material Models 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Results of Study on Progressive Collapse Simulation Approaches 3.2 Limitations of Progressive Collapse Simulation Approaches 4 Conclusions References Ice Loads in Structural Design: An Analysis of Global Normative Regulations 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 General Principles of Ice Load Regulations 2.2 North America 2.3 Europe 2.4 Asia 2.5 Particular Cases 3 Results and Conclusion References Influence of Pavement Structure on Soil Temperature Based on Geostudio 1 Introduction 2 Introduction to Structural Diagram 2.1 Road Structure Diagram 2.2 Temperature Sensor Diagram 3 Measured Temperature Data Analysis 3.1 The Relationship Between Temperature and Time at Different Heights 3.2 The Relationship Between Temperature and Time at the Same Altitude 4 Temperature Simulation Data Analysis 4.1 Introduction to GeoStudio Simulation 4.2 Selection of Simulation Parameters 4.3 Comparison of Simulated Data and Actual Data 4.4 Comparison of Temperature Data of Different Structures 5 Conclusion References Influence of Geostudio Pavement Structure on Soil Moisture Infiltration 1 Introduction 2 Introduction to Structural Diagram 2.1 Structure 1: Conventional Road Surface with Concrete Shoulder 2.2 Structure 2: Conventional Road Surface with Separator Layer and Gravel Shoulder 3 Volumetric Moisture Content Simulation Data Analysis 3.1 Introduction to Geostudio 3.2 Soil Volumetric Water Content Simulation Data Analysis 3.3 The Comparison of Simulated Moisture Content Data Between the Two Structures 4 Conclusion References Machine Learning for Seismic Vulnerability Assessment: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Discussion 3.1 An Overview of the Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis 3.2 Outcomes Measured in Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis 3.3 ML-Based Modeling Techniques in Assessing the Performance of Seismic-Induced Structures 3.4 Development of Probabilistic Seismic Performance Modeling 4 Research Gaps 5 Conclusion References Reliability-Based Design of Minimum Safe Net Distance Between Small-Space Tunnels 1 Introduction 2 Minimum Safe Net Distance Based on Monte-Carlo Simulation 2.1 Finite Element Model and Input Parameters 2.2 RBD for Minimum Safe Net Distance 3 Example of Minimum Safety Net Distance Using RBDe 4 Minimum Safety Net Distance Design Considering Middle Rock Reinforcement 5 Conclusions References Evaluation of Life-Cycle Carbon Emission of Underground Space Project: A Case Study of Suzhou Center 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Models 3 Calculation of Life-Cycle Carbon Emission 3.1 Production Phase (EP) 3.2 Construction Phase (EC) 3.3 Operation Phase (EO) 3.4 Demolition Phase (ED) 4 Discussions 4.1 Life-Cycle Carbon Emission 4.2 Comparison with Above-Ground Building 4.3 Low Carbon Strategies for Underground Space 5 Conclusion References Value Analysis on the Utilization of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes as an Alternative to the Conventional Reinforced Concrete Pipes 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Reinforced Concrete Pipe 2.2 High-Density Polyethylene Pipe 3 Methodology 3.1 Force Field Analysis 3.2 FAST Diagram 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Research on Earthquake Performance of Novel Reinforced Concrete Wall Incorporating Removable Energy-Absorption Device: A Numerical Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Models Description 3 Numerical Model 3.1 Material Properties 3.2 Validation of the Finite Element Models 4 Findings 4.1 Hysteresis Behavior 4.2 Backbone Curves 4.3 Energy Absorption 4.4 The Wall Uplifting 4.5 Effect of Tendons Stresses and the Yield Steel Ratio of CEARDs 4.6 Tendons and Concrete Stress 5 Conclusions References Non-linear Dynamic Response of Slab with Different Boundary Conditions Subjected to Contact Explosion 1 Introduction 2 Brief Exploration of Existing Literature 3 Model Setup 4 Validation and Results 5 Conclusions References Harbor and Coastal Structural Engineering, Ice Challenges 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Conclusion References Hazard Mitigation, Engineering Risks and Advantages of Ice Islands 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Conclusion References Structural Engineering and Wind Renewable Energy in Arctic 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Conclusion References Study on the Composition of Unsaturated Q3 Loess by X-Ray 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Method 2.1 Experimental Equipment 2.2 Basic Principle of X-ray Diffraction of Loess 3 Results of Test 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References An Investigation into the Architectural Environment of University Campuses Based on Space Syntax Analysis: A Case Study Conducted on the Campus of Hubei University of Technology 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review: Space Syntax Theory and the College Campus 3 Research Objects and Research Methods 3.1 Research Objects: HBUT Campus 3.2 Research Methods: Space Syntax 4 Space Syntax Analysis Results 4.1 Space Syntax Axial Map Analysis 4.2 Space Syntax Segment Map Analysis 5 Conclusions References Study on Moisture Migration Law of Unsaturated Loess Slope Under Seismic Effect 1 Introduction 2 Test Method 2.1 Layout of Measurement Points 2.2 Spectral Characteristics of Loaded Waves 3 Test Results 3.1 Failure Forms of Loess Slope Models 3.2 Changes in Pore Water Pressure Under Different Loading Waves 3.3 Fitting Formula 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Wall Protection 1 Current Situation of Cast-in-Place Protective Wall for Manually Excavated Piles 2 Stress Analysis of Prefabricated Reinforced Concrete Wall Protection 2.1 Soil Lateral Pressure 2.2 Internal Force of Wall Protection 3 Prefabricated and Assembled Wall Protection Design 3.1 Determination of Protective Wall Thickness 3.2 Wall Protection Structure Design 4 Summarize References Investigation and Cause Analysis of Flood Disaster in Wanning City 1 Introduction 2 Investigation and Analysis 2.1 Analysis of Rainstorm 2.2 Flood Calculation and Analysis 2.3 Analysis of Flood Tide Encounter 3 Cause Analysis of Disaster 3.1 Hydrometeorological Factors 3.2 Geographical Factors 3.3 Project Factors 3.4 Non-engineering Factors 4 Conclusion References Establishment of a Multi-scale Typhoon-Wave Model for a Large Floating Airport Platform 1 Introduction 1.1 Research Content/Significance of the Study 1.2 Research Background on Large Airport Transportation Platform/Effect of Typhoons 2 Key Technology 2.1 Atmospheric Model WRF 2.2 Wave Mode SWAN 2.3 Current Mode FVCOM 2.4 CFD Numerical Wave Tank Simulation 3 Wave Load Analysis on Offshore Airport in Multiple Stage Typhoon Transit 3.1 Medium Scale Coupling Simulation 3.2 Multi-stage Parameter Choosing 3.3 Small-Scale CFD Numerical Modelling 4 Conclusion References Sensitivity of Bearing Capacity of Single Pile Passing Through Karst Caves to Physical Parameters of Backfill Soil 1 Introduction 2 Modeling 3 Sampling of Physical Parameters of Soil 4 Analysis of the Bearing Capacity Characteristics of a Single Pile 4.1 Analysis of the Characteristics of Pile Side Frictional Resistance 4.2 Analysis of Axial Force Characteristics of Piles 4.3 Analysis of Pile End Resistance Percentage 4.4 Analysis of Load Settlement Curve Characteristics 5 Sensitivity Analysis 6 Conclusion References Congestion Charging System on Traffic Flow of Public Transportation: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Discussion 3.1 Traffic Congestion Contributing Factor 3.2 Traffic Strategies and Schemes Implemented to Battle Congestion 3.3 Importance of Real-Time Traffic Data in the Implementation of Congestion Charging 3.4 Behavioral Pattern/Perspective of Commuters Towards Using Public Transportation (Modal Shift) 3.5 Benefits of Traffic Congestion Reduction to the Safety of Road Users 4 Research Gap References Research on Carbon Emission of Construction Industry Under the Background of Double Carbon 1 Double-Carbon Background and the Current Situation of Carbon Emissions in the Construction Industry 1.1 Two-Carbon Background 1.2 Carbon Emission Status in the Construction Industry 1.3 Direct Carbon Emissions of Buildings 1.4 Indirect Carbon Emissions of Buildings 1.5 Building Implied Carbon Emissions 2 Carbon Emission of Construction Industry Under the Background of Double Carbon 2.1 Implied Carbon Emissions in the Production and Transportation of Building Materials 2.2 Energy Waste and Carbon Emission in the Building Use Stage 2.3 Potential Carbon Emission Risks in the Process of Building Waste Disposal 3 Put Forward the Carbon Emission Countermeasures of the Construction Industry Under the Background of Double-Carbon 3.1 Promote the Use of New Green, Low-Carbon and Environmentally Friendly Building Materials 3.2 Increase the Innovation and Research and Development of Construction Technology 3.3 Improve the Utilization Efficiency of Industrial Resources 4 Related Case Analysis (I) 4.1 Overview of Chongqing Sadie Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd 4.2 Carbon Emission Problem of Chongqing CCID Engineering Consulting Co., LTD. Under the Background of Dual-Carbon 4.3 Carbon Emission Countermeasures of Chongqing CCID Engineering Consulting Co., LTD Under the Background of Dual Carbon 5 Related Case Analysis (II) 5.1 Chongqing Shengshi Hua Construction Engineering Co., Ltd 5.2 Carbon Emission Problem of Chongqing Shengshi Hua Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.Under the Background of Dual-Carbon 5.3 Carbon Emission Countermeasures of Chongqing Shengshi Hua Construction Engineering Co., Ltd Under the Background of Dual Carbon 6 Sum Up References Experimental on Ultrasonic Testing of Ultra-High-Toughness Cementitious Composite Under Mechanical Loading Damage 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods Selection 2.1 Materials Design 2.2 Mix Proportions 2.3 Specimen Preparation and Test Setup 3 Results Analysis 3.1 Uniaxial Compressive 3.2 Failure Mode Analysis 3.3 UPV Test and Results 4 Conclusion References Assessment of Green Rural Road Criteria Based on MyGreen Rural Road Index (MyRRI): A Case Study in Lumut Perak 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Research on the Foundation’s Punch Shear Resistance and Floor Reinforcement of Double Layer Silo Structure Based on the Reinforcement of Enlarged Cross Section 1 Introduction 2 Building Foundation Review Calculation 3 Floor Reinforcement Meets the Verification Calculation 4 Conclusions References Study on the Preparation of Full Solid Waste-Based Concrete from Tailings and Waste Rock Mixed Sand 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Raw Material Analysis 2.2 Specimen Preparation 2.3 Testing Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Workability 3.2 Compressive Strength 3.3 SEM Analysis 4 Conclusions References Creep Analysis of Asphalt Binding Composites with Various Fillers 1 Introduction 1.1 The Purpose and Problem Statement 2 Material and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Shear Resistance Measuring by Kinexus DSR 3.2 Shear Resistance Measurement by Shimadzu 3.3 Creep Analysis by a Penetrometer (M-984 PK) 4 Conclusion References Study on the Coefficient of Recovery of Impact-Resistant Cushions for Rockfalls on Highways with Different Materials 1 Introduction 2 Rockfall Impact Force Calculation Theory 2.1 Rockfall Impact Force Calculation Method A Subsection Sample 3 Rockfall Impact Test 3.1 Design of Rockfall Impact Test 3.2 Rockfall Impact Test Outcome 4 Summary References Application of the Wavelet Transform to Structural Defects in Buildings: An Overview 1 Introduction 2 Wavelet Analysis Techniques Applied to Structural Defects 2.1 Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) in Structural Analysis 2.2 Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in Structural Analysis 2.3 Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) 2.4 Other Wavelet-Based Techniques 3 Discussion 4 Conclusion References Inverted Arch Replacement Scheme of Two-Lane Tunnel with Grade-IV2 Surrounding Rock: A Feasibility Study 1 Introduction 2 Engineering Background and Surrounding Rock Classification 3 Field Test and Monitoring 3.1 Analysis of Monitoring Data of Initial Lining Pressure Value of Arch Foot 3.2 Analysis of Strain Monitoring Data for Arch Foot Steel Arch 3.3 Tunnel Analysis of Measurement Data for Contact Pressure Value of Secondary Lining 4 Simulation Analysis of Different Support Methods for Surrounding Rock of Grade IV2 4.1 Model Establishment and Parameter Selection 4.2 Analysis of Surrounding Rock Deformation 4.3 Analysis of Vertical and Horizontal Stresses of Surrounding Rock 4.4 Analysis of Plastic Zone Range of Surrounding Rock 5 Conclusions and Suggestuin References Alkali-Activated Materials Incorporating Active and Inactive Fillers: Strengths of Slag/Waste Crushed Stone Powder-Based Systems 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Raw Materials 2.2 Preparation of Mortar Specimen and Measurement 3 Test Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of GGBFS Blending Ratio 3.2 Effect of AA Composition 3.3 Effect of Retarder Addition 3.4 Effects of Curing Method and Age 4 Conclusions References Stability Analysis of Loess Embankment Slope Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles 1 Introduction 2 Project Profile 3 Model Establishment 4 Stability Analysis of Collapsible Loess Embankment Slope 4.1 Effect of Lime-Soil Seal on Embankment Stability 4.2 Effect of Cement Content in Lime-Soil Seal on Embankment Stability 4.3 Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Stability of Unimproved Loess Embankment 4.4 Influence of Lime-Soil Seal on Stability of Embankment Under Freeze-Thaw Cycle 5 Conclusion References Environmental Effect of Water-Permeable Pavement Materials in Sponge Cities 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Insights into Hydrology 4 Multi-factorial Effects on Lifetime 4.1 Freezing and Frozen Climate Conditions 4.2 Clogging and Diminished Water-Permeability 4.3 Effects on Chemicals and Toxicity 5 Effects on Stormwater Quality 6 Maintenance Practices for Functionality Enhancement 7 Implications on Future Work 8 Conclusion References Study on Smart Transportation Construction System in Station-City Integration Multimodal Hubs 1 Preface 2 Development and Analysis of Smart Transportation in Multimodal Hubs 3 Demand Analysis 4 System Architecture 5 Conclusion References Experimental Study on the Elastic Modulus of Cement Mortar with the Addition of Nano Metakaolin 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme 2.1 Material Properties 2.2 Specimen Preparation 2.3 Methods 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (Ed) 3.2 Axial Compressive Strength (fmc) 3.3 Stress-Strain Curves 3.4 The Static Modulus of Elasticity (Em) 3.5 The Relation Between Dynamic Ad Static Modulus of Elasticity 4 Summary References Low Temperature Effects on the Properties of Shotcrete Accelerators and Potential Remedies 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Subzero Temperatures on the Workability of the SA Products 3.2 Effect of Rising Temperatures on the Re-solubility of the SA Products 3.3 Performance and Stability of Redissolved SA1 and 2 Products 4 Recommendations for Onsite Applications 5 Conclusion References A Preliminary Comparison of Different F Based Shotcrete Accelerators on Their Performance in Cement from Both Microscopic and Macroscopic Point of Views 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Raw Materials 2.2 Experimental Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Stability of Products 3.2 Solid Contents of Shotcrete Accelerators 3.3 XRF Data 3.4 XRD Data 3.5 Setting Time and Mortar Strength 4 Conclusions References Analysis of Influence of Anchor Excavation of Shallow Buried Bifurcated Tunnel and Adjacent Tunnel on Overlying Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Project Profile and Selection of Material Parameters 2.1 Overview of Dependent Projects 2.2 Selection of Material Parameters for Numerical Simulation 3 Impact of Tunnel and Tunnel Anchor Excavation on Buildings 3.1 Calculation Model 3.2 Deformation of the Surrounding Rock 3.3 Settlement of Building Foundations 4 Impact of Main Cable Tensioning on Tunnels and Buildings 4.1 Analyze the Step Sequence 4.2 Calculation Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References Numerical Simulation Study on the Construction and Bearing Characteristics of Soft Rock Tunnel-Type Anchorages 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis Model 2.1 Conditions and Assumptions 2.2 Calculation Procedure and Material Parameters 2.3 3D Modeling 3 Numerical Simulation of Tunnel Anchor Construction Process 3.1 Initial Ground Stress Field 3.2 Excavation Simulation 3.3 Backfill Simulation 4 Numerical Simulation of Tunnel Anchor Bearing Characteristics 5 Conclusion References Feature Extraction of Point Rail of High-Speed Railway Turnout Through Oscillatory Behavior Based Signal Decomposition 1 Introduction 2 OBSD for Point Rail Induced Feature Extraction 2.1 Signals of High-Speed Train Passing Through Turnouts and Typical Point Rail Induced Features 2.2 TQWT-Assisted OBSD 3 Validation Using On-Site Data 3.1 Design of Experiments 3.2 Feature Extraction for Point Rails Based on OBSD 4 Conclusions References An Assembled Foundation Design for Poles 1 Introduction 2 Composition of Assembled Foundation 3 Design Method of Assembled Foundation 3.1 Load Calculation 3.2 Foundation Pressure Checking 3.3 Foundation Anti-overturning Checking 4 Summarize References Load Sensing Identification of Steel Beam Based on Piezoelectric Single Crystal 1 Introduction 2 Piezoelectric Material Sensing Mechanisms 3 Piezoelectric Material Sensing Mechanisms 3.1 Characterization of Piezoelectric Sensors 3.2 Perceptual Recognition of Load Size and Position 3.3 Impact Load Sensing Monitoring 4 Conclusion References Author Index