Proceedings of the 2nd Human Engineering Symposium: HUMENS 2023, Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

This book acts as a compilation of papers presented in the 2nd Human Engineering Symposium (HUMENS 2023), held at Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. The symposium covers the following research topics: ergonomics, biomechanics, sports technology, medical device and instrumentation, artificial intelligence / machine learning, industrial design, rehabilitation, additive manufacturing, modelling and bio-simulation, and signal processing. The articles published will be of interest to researchers and practitioners from the medical device manufacturers, healthcare, rehabilitation and sports technology. Preface Contents About the Editors Developing a Survey Tool to Measure Psychosocial Risk and Work Performance at a Workplace 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Reliability Analysis of the Instrument 3.2 Demographic Data 3.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) 4 Conclusion References Enhancing Mental Health Through Ambient Lighting 1 Introduction 1.1 Ambient Lighting 1.2 Biosignals: Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) 1.3 Stressor: Digit Span 1.4 Questionnaire: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Reactance 2 Methodology 2.1 Experimental Set-Ups 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Participants 3.2 Hypotheses Testing 4 Conclusion References Parameter Extraction of Muscle Contraction Signals from Children with ASD During Fine Motor Activities 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Design of Hose Roller for Firefighter: A Fatigue Study 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Fabrication 2.2 Testing 2.3 Fatigue Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fabrication 3.2 Data Analysis 3.3 Data Comparisons Between Manual Handling and Hose Rolling Method 4 Conclusions References Noise Risk Assessment on Noise Exposure Among Urban Rail Maintenance Workers Using Personal Monitoring Method 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Noise Risk Assessment (NRA) 2.2 Procedure to Conduct Personal Monitoring 3 Method Results and Discussion 3.1 Noise Risk Assessment (NRA) 3.2 Personal Monitoring 3.3 Noise Reduction 4 Conclusion References Bangla Text Summarization Analysis Using Machine Learning: An Extractive Approach 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Overview of Text Summarization Techniques 3.1 Extractive Text Summarization 3.2 Similarity Matrix 3.3 Word2vec 3.4 Word Count 4 Methodology for Text Summarization 4.1 Preprocessing 4.2 Calculating the Word Frequency 4.3 Sentence Weighting 5 Summary Generation 6 Result and Evaluation 6.1 Result 6.2 Evaluation 7 Conclusion References Human Factors: Drivers’ Speed Choice on Relatively Low-Speed Limit Roads 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Speed and Risk of Accidents 2.2 Factors Influencing Speed Choice 3 Methodology 3.1 Sample Size 3.2 Site Selection 3.3 Data Collection 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Distribution of Spot Speed Data and Speed Limit Violation 4.2 Drivers’ Perceived Safe and Hazardous Speeds 5 Conclusion References Topology Optimization for Custom Bed-Resting Ankle Foot Orthosis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 3D Scanning of Foot 2.2 Conceptual Design of AFO 2.3 Topology Optimization 2.4 Finite Element Analysis 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Topology Optimization 3.2 Effects of Different Load 4 Conclusion References Influence of Environmental Factors and Road Characteristics in Commuting Accidents Among Public University Staffs 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Document Review 2.2 Semi-structured Interview Technique 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Descriptive Analysis 3.2 Inferential Analysis 4 Conclusion References Effects of Material Properties in Developing the Ear Prosthetics 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Phase 1: 3D Scanning Model of an Artificial Ear 2.2 Phase 2: Finite Element Analysis for Artificial Ear 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Material Properties on Artificial Ear (Axial Force) 3.2 Effect of Material Properties on Artificial Ear (Pressure) 4 Conclusion References Study of Primary Stability of Hip Implant for Semi Hip Replacement by Using Finite Element Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Development of a Three-Dimensional of Femur Bone 2.2 Development of a Three-Dimensional Hip Implant 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Investigation of Mental Health Condition Among Factory Worker During Covid pandemic–A Cross-Sectional Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Participants 2.2 Instrumentation 2.3 Data Analysis 3 Result 3.1 Demographic Analysis 3.2 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress 3.3 Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Demographic Factors 3.4 Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Socioeconomic Factors 3.5 Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Workers in Relation to the Organizational Factors 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References The Influence of Body Balance Towards the Golf Putting Performance 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Arm Movement 2.2 Weight Band 2.3 Putting Performance 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Putting Outcome 3.2 Arm Movement 3.3 Center of Gravity (COG) 4 Conclusion References Risk Assessment for Manual Handling Activities in a Dairy Industry 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Field Observation 2.2 Manual Handling Hazards Identification at the Workstations 2.3 The Manual Activities Assessment Chart (MAC Tool) 3 Results 3.1 Manual Handling Hazard Identification 3.2 Manual Handling Risk Assessment (MAC Score Sheet) 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Brief Review of Recent Study on Fluid–Structure Interaction Modeling of Blood Flow in Peripheral Arterial Disease 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Search Strategy and Eligible Criteria 2.2 Flow Diagram of the Study 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Study Characteristic 3.2 Peripheral Artery Geometry Construction 3.3 FSI Modeling Platform 3.4 Blood Viscosity 3.5 Arterial Wall Material Models 3.6 Validation of Fluid–Structure Interaction Models 4 Conclusion References Head Injury During Heading of Two Types of Sepak Takraw Balls: Analytical Approach 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Drop Ball Test 2.2 Mathematical Model 3 Result and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) Modelling in Stenotic Carotid Artery Bifurcation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology-Modeling and Computational Setup 2.1 Geometry for Idealized Healthy and Carotid Artery Stenosis Bifurcation 2.2 Flow Simulation and Boundary (CFD) 2.3 Mesh Independence Test—Idealized Healthy Carotid Artery 2.4 Mesh Sensitivity Analysis 3 Material Properties and Boundary 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Flow Profiles 4.2 FSI Result—Total Wall Deformation 4.3 FSI Result for Wall Stress Equivalent (von Mises) 4.4 FSI Result for Wall Displacement—Comparison Between Wall Thickness 1.0 and 0.7 mm 4.5 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Prediction of Atherosclerosis in Peripheral Arterial Disease Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Geometry Construction 2.2 Meshing 2.3 Boundary Conditions 2.4 Flow Simulation 3 Results 3.1 Mesh Independence Study Healthy Model 3.2 Prediction of Potential Region for Atherosclerosis to Occur with Laminar Flow Condition 3.3 Comparison of High Potential Region to Develop Atherosclerosis with Laminar Flow Condition 4 Conclusion References Impact Analysis of Motorcycle Helmet: Finite Element Modeling 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Design 2.2 Simulation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Total Deformation 3.2 Von Mises Stress 4 Conclusion References The Protective Performance of Different Types of Motorcycle Helmets in Terms of HIC and BrIC 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Pendulum Test Rig 2.2 The Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device 2.3 Sensor 2.4 Signal Processing 2.5 Experiment Procedure 2.6 Output Calculation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Measuring Running Performance Through Technology: A Brief Review 1 Introduction 2 Running Technologies 2.1 Methods and Model 2.2 Measurement for Running Performance and Technique 2.3 Quantifying the Workload 3 The Effectiveness of Running Technologies in Improving Performance and Technique 3.1 Technology that Detects Technique 4 Conclusion References Experimental Study of Gait Monitoring on Wearable Shoes Insole and Analysis: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Development of In-Shoe Wearable Pressure Sensor Using an Android Application [2] 2.2 In-Sole Shoe Foot Pressure Monitoring for Gait Analysis [3] 2.3 SmartStep: A Fully Integrated, Low-Power Insole Monitor [4] 2.4 SmartStep 2.0: A Completely Wireless, Versatile Insole Monitoring System [5] 2.5 Piezoelectric Pressure Sensing Shoe Insole [6] 2.6 Development of the RT-GAIT, a Real-Time Feedback Device to Improve the Gait of Individuals with Stroke [7] 2.7 Smart Insole: Wearable Sensor Device for Unobtrusive Gait Monitoring in Daily Life [8] 2.8 Design and Development of Integrated Insole System for Gait Analysis [9] 2.9 A Reliable Gait Phase Detection System [10] 2.10 A Shoe-Integrated Sensor System for Long-Term Center of Pressure Evaluation [11] 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Finding 3.2 Limitation 3.3 Similarities 4 Conclusion References Preliminary Ergonomics Analysis of Sit-Stand (STS) Desk on the Patient with Lower Back Pain Problem: A Case Study 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Observational Method and Case Study 2.2 Digital Human Modelling (DHM) 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Anthropometric Measurement 3.2 Analysis of Body Posture of the Subject During Work-Standing 3.3 Analysis of Body Posture of the Subject During Work-Sitting on the Bedside 3.4 Analysis of the Body Posture of the Subject During Work-Sitting on the Bed 4 Conclusion References Developing a Survey Tool to Measure Human Factors Constructs for Personal Hearing Protector (PHP) Use Among Industrial Workers—First Phase 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Survey Tool Development 2.2 Conceptual Framework on the Human Factors and Personal Hearing Protector (PHP) Use Among Industrial Workers 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Sociodemographic 3.2 Analyses of Human Factors Constructs for PHP Use 4 Conclusion References A Review on the Pedal Error Cases Among Car Drivers in Malaysia 1 Introduction 2 Aim and Methods 3 Analyses 3.1 Pedal Error Cases in Malaysia Reported by News Media from 2016 to 2022 3.2 Driver Age 3.3 Driver Gender 3.4 Crash Location 3.5 Pre-crash Maneuver 3.6 Injuries and Fatalities 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Study of Anxiety Parameters and Sensors Related to Monitoring the Anxiety Concentration Index Level Among Archer Athletes: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Anxiety Among Archer Athletes 2.2 Heart Rate (HR) 2.3 Blood Pressure (BP) 2.4 Electromyography (EMG) 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Research Finding 3.2 Limitation 3.3 Similarities 4 Conclusion References EEG and EMG-Based Multimodal Driver Drowsiness Detection: A CWT and Improved VGG-16 Pipeline 1 Introduction 2 Method and Materials 2.1 Continuous Wavelet Transform 2.2 Improved-VGG16 Model 2.3 Experimental Data 2.4 Performance Evaluation 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Rehabilitation and Gamification Technology Device for Lower Extremities Patient: A Review 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Ankle Sprain 2.2 Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Gamification 2.3 Wearable Robots and Platform-Based Robots 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Effectiveness of Rehabilitation Robot 3.2 Discussion 3.3 Limitation 3.4 Similarities 4 Conclusion References The Importance of Proper Motorcycle Helmet Buckling: A Scientific Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Motorcycle Helmet Legislation 1.2 Motorcycle Helmet Certification 1.3 Motorcycle Helmet Parts 1.4 Motorcycle Helmet Retention Status 2 Methodology 2.1 Monorail Impact Test Machine 2.2 The Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device 2.3 Shimmer Sensor 2.4 Signal Processing 2.5 Test Procedure 2.6 Parameters Calculation 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Short Review on Development of Table Tennis Robotic Launcher 1 Introduction 2 Customer Needs 3 Design Specification 4 Design Concept 5 Conclusion References Reusability Study of 3D Printing Mould and Resin Casting for Takraw Ball Launcher Wheel 1 Introduction 1.1 An Overview of Sepak Takraw 2 Literature Review on Sepak Takraw Training Device 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Development of Noise Risk Assessment (NRA) and Management System 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Framework Development 2.2 System Development by Microsoft Software 2.3 System Usability Scale (SUS) Test 2.4 Expert Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Manual Documentation 3.2 Noise Risk Assessment and Management System 3.3 Development of Noise Risk Assessment and Management System 3.4 Validation and Usability of the Developed System 4 Conclusion References Framework of Safety Helmet Compliance Detection and Employee Tracking by Using Quick Response (QR Code) Technology 1 Introduction 1.1 Challenges in Construction Industry 2 Research Methodology 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Framework of Safety Helmet Compliance Detection and Employee Tracking 3.2 Safety Helmet and Employee Tracking Information Prototype System 4 Conclusion References e-HIRARC Tool for Brick Laboratory in Civil Engineering Department at TVET (Technical and Vocational Education Training) Campus 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 e-HIRARC Framework 2.2 e-HIRARC Tool Development 2.3 Validation Test and Case Study 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 e-HIRARC Framework 3.2 e-HIRARC Tool Development 3.3 Content Validation 3.4 Case Studies and System Usability Scale (SUS) 4 Conclusions References A Review of Biomechanical and Psychosocial Risk Factors Among Workers 1 Introduction 2 Material and Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Ergonomic Risk Factors Evaluation Method 3.2 Ergonomic Risk Factors and MSD 3.3 Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) and Its Effects 4 Conclusion References Knowledge and Awareness of Road Safety Among University Students 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Demographic Analysis 3.2 Knowledge of Road Safety 4 Conclusion References Riding Towards Safety: Examining the Patterns of Motorcycle Accidents in Malaysia 1 Introduction 1.1 Malaysian Traffic Fatalities 1.2 Motorcyclist Issue in Malaysia 2 Objective and Methodology 2.1 The Screening Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Development of Automatic Cervical Brace for Neck Pain Rehabilitation 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion and Recommendations References