Proceedings of The 17th East Asian-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction, 2022 : EASEC-17, Singapore

Local Organizing Committee Scientific Committee EASEC International Steering Committee Contents Sustainable Binding Materials Study of Methods for Improving Strength and Durability of Low-Quality Recycled Aggregate Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Location of the Porosity and Improving Methods for Recycled Aggregate Concrete 2.1 Location of the Porosity in Recycled Aggregate Concrete 2.2 Improving Methods of Recycled Aggregate Concrete 3 Outline of Experiment 3.1 Compressive Strength Test 3.2 Air Permeability Test 3.3 Drying Shrinkage Test 3.4 Porosity Test 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Compressive Strength Test 4.2 Air Permeability Test 4.3 Drying Shrinkage Test 4.4 Relationship Between Porosity and Each Physical Property 5 Investigation of the Porosity Improving Mechanism by Each Improving Method 5.1 Method of Vickers Hardness Test 5.2 Vickers Hardness 5.3 Investigation of the Location of Porosity Improved by Each Improving Method 6 Conclusion References A Study on Strength and Durability of Mortar Using Low-quality Recycled Fine Aggregate with Accelerated Carbonation 1 Introduction 2 Outline of Experiment 2.1 Materials Used and Mix Proportions 2.2 Test Items and Test Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Compressive Strength Test 3.2 Air Permeability Test 3.3 Vickers Hardness Test 4 Conclusions References Experimental Study to Improve Performance of Two-Stage Concrete Without Injection Focusing on the Interfacial Transition Zone 1 Introduction 1.1 Two-Stage Concrete 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of TSC 1.3 Enhancing TSC Performance 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Mix Design 2.2 Casting Procedures and Experimental Tests for Concrete 2.3 Casting Procedures and Experimental Tests for Mortar 3 Results and Discussions 4 Conclusion References Application of Granite Fines to Substitute Sand in Concrete Production 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Material Preparation 2.2 Mix Design 3 Test Results and Discussion 3.1 Fresh Concrete Properties 3.2 Durability 4 Conclusion References Effects of Various Ions in Seawater on Chloride Ion Behavior in Mortar Using Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Mixture Proportions and Specimens 2.2 Immersion Test 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Chloride Ion Contents and Pore Structure 3.2 FRiedel’s Salt 4 Conclusions References Advanced and Sustainable Concrete Materials Carbonation of Granite Fines Concrete in the Tropical Environment 1 Introduction 2 Review of the Previous Researches on Concrete Carbonation 3 Material and Specimen Preparation 4 Testing Conditions 5 Results and Analysis 5.1 Accelerated Testing Condition 5.2 Natural Exposure Condition 5.3 Design Recommendations 6 Conclusions References Carbonation Resistance of Portland Blast Furnace Slag Cement Type B Concrete Internally Cured by Using Roof-Tile Waste Aggregate 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Materials 2.2 Mixture Proportions and Specimens 2.3 Testing Procedure 3 Result and Discussions 3.1 Accelerated Carbonation Test 3.2 Air Permeability 3.3 Pore Structure 4 Conclusions References Strength Characteristics of Blast-Furnace Cement Mortar with Silicate-Type Surface Penetrants 1 Introduction 2 Outline of Specimen 2.1 Mortar Formulation and Application Volume 2.2 Outline of Specimen and Test Method 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Vickers Hardness Test 3.2 Compressive Strength Test 4 Conclusions References Three-Dimensional Mesoscopic Modelling of Concrete Confined by FRP Under Static and Dynamic Loading 1 Introduction 1.1 Mesoscale Modelling of Concrete Confined by FRP 1.2 Static Test 1.3 SHPB Simulation Test 2 Numerical Simulation Results 2.1 Concrete’s Mechanical Reaction to Static Loading 2.2 Concrete’s Mechanical Reaction to Dynamic Loading 3 Conclusions References Seismic Resilient Structures Development of Energy Dissipation Walls with Oil Dampers and Totally Reinforced Support Members Using Pre-stress 1 Introduction 2 Concept 3 Static Loading Tests 3.1 Overview of the Specimens 3.2 Outline of Experiments 3.3 Experimental Result 4 Dynamic Loading Test 4.1 Outline of the Experiment 4.2 Outline of Experimental Design 4.3 Experimental Result 5 Shaking Table Test of LVL Type 1 5.1 Outline of the Test Specimens 5.2 Outline of Experimental Design 5.3 Experimental Results 6 Conclusion References Comparative Numerical Study on Efficiency of Various Energy Dissipating Devices Used in Hybrid Post-tensioned Shear Wall 1 Introduction 2 Use of Dissipating Devices in Hybrid Shear Wall 3 Numerical Model Development for Dissipating Devices Under Investigation 4 Validation of Numerical Model 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Force-Displacement Behaviour Under Monotonic Loading 5.2 Force-Displacement Behaviour Under Cyclic Loading 5.3 Energy Dissipation 5.4 Ductility 5.5 Overstrength Ratio (Ω) 5.6 Equivalent Viscous Damping () 5.7 Stress Distribution in Dissipating Devices 6 Summary and Conclusions References Three-Dimensional FEM Simulation of Hysteretic Performance of Traditional Chinese Dou-Gong Connections 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Analysis of Dou-Gong Connections 2.1 Model Introduction 2.2 Establishment of the Finite Element Models 3 Model Verification 4 Conclusions References Research on Seismic Behavior of CFT-Frame-Buckling Restrained Steel Plate Shear Wall Structures Using Recycled Aggregate Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Influence of Using Different Types of Columns 3 Influence Connection Forms 4 Influence of Types of Concrete Panels 5 Influence of Types of Restrained Steel Plate 6 The Innovation and Aims of SPSWs 7 Conclusion References Seismic Response Mitigation of Atrium Buildings with Truss-IMD System 1 Introduction 2 An Atrium Building with a Truss-IMD System 2.1 Analytic Model of the Building-Truss-IMD System 2.2 Dynamic Response of the Atrium Building 3 Performance Assessment of a SDOF Atrium Building with a Truss-IMD System 3.1 Minimization of Story Drift 3.2 Minimization of Story Acceleration 4 Numerical Example: Multi-objective Optimal Design of a Truss-IMD System 4.1 Optimization Problem Formulation 4.2 Numerical Analyses and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Seismic Performance of Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks Supplemented with Negative Stiffness and Inerter Based Dampers 1 Introduction 2 Mechanical Modelling of Storage Tanks 3 Modelling of Supplemental Dampers 4 Optimisation 5 Numerical Study 6 Conclusions References Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Liquid Storage Tanks Subjected to Vertical Earthquakes 1 Introduction 2 Specimens and Materials 3 Shaking Table Test 3.1 Selection of Seismic Waves 3.2 Instruments 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Sloshing Wave Height 4.2 Hydrodynamic Pressure 4.3 Stress on the Tank Wall 5 Conclusions References Resilience of Steel and Composite Structures Axial Behavior and Design of High-Strength Rectangular Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Long Columns 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Database 3 Finite-Element Method Analysis 3.1 3D FEM Model Details 3.2 Benchmarking 3.3 Parameter Analysis 4 Evaluation of Current Design Provisions 5 Conclusions References On the Accurate Strain Measurement in Split Hopkinson Tensile Bar Tests 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Experimental Tests 3.1 Quasi-static Test 3.2 SHTB Test 4 Conclusions References Adaptive Fatigue Assessment of Welded Plate Joints Based on Crack Measurements 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup and Details 3 New Continuum Damage Model 4 Fatigue Assessment of Welded Plate Joints 5 Improved Fatigue Assessment Based on Crack Measurement 6 Conclusions References Experimental Study on a Novel Sandwich Panel Under Repeated Impact Loads 1 Introduction 2 Experiment 2.1 Specimens 2.2 Materials 2.3 Test Set-up 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Failure Mode 3.2 Response Curves 3.3 Influence of Layer Number 3.4 Influence of Connector Type 3.5 Influence of Connector Spacing 3.6 Influence of Rubber Powder 3.7 Influence of Impact Number 4 Conclusions References Smart Construction and Management Readiness and Potential Application of Smart Contracts in the Indonesian Construction Industry 1 Introduction 2 The Challenges of Contract Management in Construction Industry 3 Potential Application of Smart Contracts in Construction Management 3.1 Smart Contract for Contract Management 3.2 Readiness for Smart Contracts in Indonesian Construction Industry 4 Conclusions 5 Future Research References Construction Process Simulation Facing Digital Twin 1 Introduction 2 Framework 2.1 Data Layer 2.2 Logic Layer 2.3 Presentation Layer 3 Case Study 3.1 Graph Database-Based Construction Process Simulation 3.2 Analyzing the Simulation Results 3.3 Presenting the Simulation Results Facing Digital Twin 4 Conclusions References Establishment and Application of Multi-agent Simulation System Based on On-Site Construction Performers 1 Introduction 2 Reviews 2.1 Multi-agent Based Construction Simulation 2.2 The Time-Space Conflict or Congestion of Agents 3 Multi-agents System Establishment Process 4 Mas Based on the Construction Actors 4.1 Construction Procedures Environment 4.2 Work Plane Environment 4.3 Construction Actor Agents 4.4 Time-Space Conflict and Congestion Mechanism 4.5 The Actions of Crew Agents 4.6 Agents’ Interaction 4.7 The Development of the Proposed MAS 5 Case Study 5.1 The MAS of This Case 5.2 Simulation Results and the Comparison with DES 5.3 Construction Strategy Application Experiment and Result Analysis 6 Conclusion References Digital Fabrication for DfMA of a Prefabricated Bridge Pier 1 Introduction 2 Digital Fabrication Procedure 3 Digital Model for Concrete Printing 4 Digital Model for Concrete Milling 5 Conclusions References Study on the Open Data System for Infrastructure Maintenance and Management 1 Introduction 2 System Overview 3 Bridge ID Correction System 3.1 Overview of System Requirements 3.2 Technology Used in System Architecture 3.3 Bridge ID Correction Flowchart 3.4 Data Verification Methods 3.5 Verification Results 3.6 Efficiency of Post-verification Correction Flow 4 Report Input Auxiliary System 4.1 Overview of System 4.2 Report File Creation Flow 5 Data Distribution Using Web API 5.1 Overview of System 5.2 Provision to Utilization Flow 6 Conclusions References Road Development Risks and Challenges in the Philippines 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 High Maintenance Costs in Wet Environments 2.2 Funding Maintenance Works vs. Construction 2.3 Poor Governance 2.4 Financial Risks of Road Projects 2.5 Socio-Political Risks of Road Projects 2.6 Environmental Impacts and Risks 2.7 Environmental Impact Assessments 2.8 Unsolicited Proposals to Promote Public Interest 2.9 Inequitable Distribution of Infrastructure Projects 2.10 Delays in Construction Activities 2.11 Declining Public Infrastructure Expenditure 2.12 Low Tax Revenues 2.13 The Trade-off with More Urgent Covid-19 Response Measures 2.14 Low Absorptive Capacity 2.15 Foreign Assisted Funds 2.16 Uncertainties Over PPPs 3 Interview Summary 3.1 Survey Overview 4 Summary of Responses 5 Summary and Discussions 6 Conclusions References Teaching and Learning During and After Pandemic Understanding Sustainability Practices Through Sustainability Reports and Its Impact on Organizational Financial Performance 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Procedure for Text Mining 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Themes in Organizational Sustainability Practices 3.2 Relationship Between Sustainability Practices and Financial Performance 4 Conclusions References Broadening the Perspective of the Roles of Civil Engineers – A Freshmen Module on How Engineers Solve Real-World Problems 1 Introduction 2 Module Details 2.1 Teaching Format 2.2 Student Deliverables and Assessments 2.3 Lessons Learnt 3 Conclusions References SafeSim Design: A Digital Game-Based Learning Approach to Address Design for Safety (DfS) Competency 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Need for DfS Competency 2.2 Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) as an Alternative Solution 3 Methods 3.1 Initiation Stage 3.2 Development Stage 3.3 Testing Stages 3.4 Refinement Stages 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Identification of Critical Factors Influencing Students’ Engagement and Satisfaction of Online Live Learning in Higher Education 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review and Hypothesis Development 2.1 Learning Effects 2.2 Instructor Behaviors 2.3 Student Characteristics 2.4 Course Organization 2.5 State of HWC Issues 3 Research Method 3.1 Sampling 3.2 Measurements 4 Descriptive Results and Model Evaluation 4.1 Descriptive Results 4.2 Measurement Model Evaluation 4.3 Structural Model Evaluation 5 Discussions 5.1 Influencing Factors on Student Engagement 5.2 Influencing Factors on Student Perceived Learning 5.3 Influencing Factors on Student Satisfaction 5.4 Important Measurement Indicators for Influencing Factors 5.5 Implications for Theories and Practices 6 Conclusions and Recommendations References Preliminary Implementation of Adaptive Learning for Teaching Structural Systems to Non-engineering Students 1 Introduction 2 Teaching Engineering Topics to Non-engineering Students 2.1 Interdisciplinary Engineering Education and Challenges 2.2 Potential Solutions 3 Intelligent Adaptive Learning Platform (IALP) 3.1 IALP Framework 3.2 Features of IALP 4 Implementation of IALP in 2021 5 Conclusions References Resilient Infrastructural Solutions Analysis of the Clearance Time of Roadblock Events Caused by Geohazards in Bhutan 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Preparation 3.3 Analysis 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Roadblock Database 4.2 Exploratory Statistical Results of the Roadblock Database After Geospatial Analysis 5 Conclusions References Research on Cumulative Plastic Deformation of the Soft Clay Under Cyclic Loading 1 Introduction 2 Test Conditions 3 Results 3.1 Selection of Cyclic Creep Characteristic Curve 3.2 Analysis of Cyclic Creep Test Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Improved Vehicle Scanning Method for Bridge Damage Detection 1 Introduction 2 Problem Definition 3 Method of Solution 3.1 Formulation for Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 3.2 Open Crack Modelled as Internal Hinge 3.3 Identifying Bridge Frequency 3.4 Modal Identification 3.5 Reconstruction of BRIDGE’S Mode Shape 4 Example Problems 4.1 A Testing Vehicle Passing Over a Bridge 4.2 A Series of Vehicle Passing Over a Bridge 5 Conclusions References Positioning Accuracy Comparison of RTK Receivers Used for Disaster Investigation 1 Introduction 2 Existing Research and Coventional Technology 2.1 Existing Studies 2.2 About Satellite Positioning Method 3 Overview of Disaster Investigation Support System 4 Positioning Performance Evaluation at Disaster Recovery Sites 4.1 Outline of Positioning Performance Evaluation 4.2 Evaluation of Positioning Accuracy at the Sabo Dam 4.3 Evaluation of Positioning Performance in the Forest 5 Conclusions Bibliography Corrosive Behavior of Structural Steel and Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel in the Central Part of Thailand by Atmospheric Exposure Test 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Procedure 2.1 Specimen Properties 2.2 Specimen Preparation 2.3 Exposure Conditions 2.4 Analyzing Procedure 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Meteorological Data 3.2 Pollution Data 3.3 Thickness Loss of Bare Steel 3.4 Thickness Loss of Hot Dip Galvanized Steel 3.5 Corrosion Rate of Bare Steel Versus Hot Dip Galvanized Steel 4 Conclusions References High Performance Materials and Structures Experimental Investigation of Circular Reinforced Concrete Columns Exposed to Elevated Temperatures 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Specimen Details 2.2 Fire Tests 2.3 Uniaxial Compression Tests 3 Conclusions References Mechanical Model for Parallel-to-Grain Withdrawal Failure of Self-tapping Screws in Glulam 1 Introduction 2 Theory 2.1 Experiment Investigation 2.2 Model Simplification 2.3 Formula Derivation 2.4 Algorithm Design 3 Verification and Discussion 3.1 Model Verification 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Behaviors of Steel-Concrete Composite Structures at Cold-Region Low Temperatures 1 Introduction 2 Mechanical Properties of Construcitonal Materials at Low Temperatures 2.1 Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel and High Strength Steel at Low Temperatures 3 Low-Temperatrue Steel-Concrete Bonding Behaviors of CFSTS 4 Low-Temperatrue Compression Behaviors of CFST 5 Ultimate Strength Behaviours of Double Skin Composite Beams at Low Temperatures 6 Conclusions References Development of Novel Sigma-shaped Self-locking Inter-modular Joints for Robust Modular Steel Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Development and Working Mechanism of Inter-modular Joints 3.1 Automatic Vertical Column-to-Column Inter-modular Joint 3.2 Beam-to-Beam Sigma-shaped Horizontal Inter-modular Joint 3.3 Automatic Beam-to-Beam Vertical Inter-modular Joint 4 Numerical Studies on Column-to-Column Inter-modular Joint 4.1 Bending Performance of Column-to-Column Inter-modular Joint 4.2 Tensile Performance of Column-to-Column Inter-modular Joint 4.3 Numerical Model Validation 5 Conclusions References Shear Performance of Interface Between Normal Concrete and Ultra-high Performance Concrete in Cryogenic Circumstance 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Test Specimens 2.3 Preparation of Concrete Substrates 2.4 Placing UHPC 2.5 Test Procedure 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Double Shear Test 4 Conclusions References Effects of Arctic Low Temperatures and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-high Performance Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Testing Progrem 2.1 Details of Specimens 2.2 Test Procedure 3 Test Results 3.1 Mechanical Properties of UHPC at Low Temperatures 3.2 Mechanical Properties of UHPC After Freeze-Thaw Cycles 4 Regression Analysis and Discussion 4.1 Evaluation of Compressive Strength of UHPC at Low Temperatures 4.2 Evaluation of Compressive Strength of UHPC After Freeze and Thaw Cycles 5 Conclusions References Compressive Behavior of High Strength Steel Wire-Mesh Reinforced Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Columns 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 3 Test Results and Discussions 3.1 Effect of Horizontal Spacing 3.2 Effects of Longitudinal Spacing 3.3 Effects of Area of SWM Reinforced Concrete Core 3.4 Effects of Diameter of Steel Wire 4 Conclusions References Prefabricated Construction and Composite Structures Numerical Study on Out-of-Plane Mechanical Performance of New Type Precast Shear Wall with Unspliced Vertical Distribution Bars 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Modeling 2.1 Material Modeling 2.2 Interface Modeling 2.3 Element Type and Mesh 2.4 Boundary and Loading Conditions 2.5 Model Verification 3 Numerical Parameter Analysis 3.1 Axial Compression Ratio 3.2 Height to Thickness Ratio 3.3 Longitudinal Reinforcement Ratio of Cast-In-Situ Edge Member 3.4 Shear-Span Ratio 4 Conclusions References Lightweight and Advance Precast Concrete System for Modular Building Construction 1 Introduction 2 Technological Development 2.1 Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) 2.2 Limitations 3 PPVC—Large Panel System Hybrid Light Weight Concrete Construction 3.1 Idealised Floor Plan 3.2 PPVC-LPS Hybrid LWC Building 3.3 PPVC Installation Sequence 4 Finite Element Software Analysis 4.1 Preliminary Element Sizing 4.2 Finite Element Modelling and Analysis 4.3 Load Case and Load Combination 5 Result(s) and Discussion 5.1 Modal Period, Frequency, and Load Participation Ratio 5.2 Ultimate Limit State Analysis 5.3 Long Term Service Limit State Analysis 5.4 Seismic Analysis 5.5 Staged Construction 6 Buildability 6.1 Integrated Digital Delivery 6.2 Lotus Root Joint 6.3 Pour Stripe 6.4 Mechanical Connector 6.5 Shear Key 7 Conclusions and Recommendations References Study of Initial Imperfection of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tube Columns for Direct Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Concrete Filled Square Steel Square Tube Column Considering Imperfection 2.1 Initial Geometric Imperfection 2.2 Residual Stress of Steel 3 Experimental Test Data 4 Finite Element Model 4.1 Constitutive Model of Materials 4.2 Finite Element Model 4.3 Procedure of Consideration of Initial Imperfections 4.4 Calibration of Finite Element Model 5 Contrastive Analysis 5.1 Influence of Amplitude of Initial Imperfections 5.2 Comparison with Specification 5.3 Comparison of Axial Resistance 6 Influence of Width-to-Thickness Ratios 7 Conclusions References Nonlinear Coupled Thermal-Structural Analysis of Monolithic and Precast Concrete Corbel Beam-to-Column Connection 1 Introduction 2 Description of Specimens 3 Numerical Model 3.1 Simulation Procedures 3.2 Thermal and Structural Elements 3.3 Materials Properties 3.4 Process of Data Analysis 4 Validation Results 4.1 Load-Deflection Curves 4.2 Toughness of the Connections 5 Conclusions References Mechanical Performance of Novel UHPFRC Grouted SHS Tube-Sleeve Connection: Experiments, Numerical Simulation and Analytical Approaches 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme 2.1 Material Properties 2.2 Test Specimens 2.3 Test Set-Up, Loading and Measurement 3 Test Results 3.1 Failure Modes 3.2 Load-Displacement and Moment-Curvature Curves 4 Finite Element Modelling 4.1 Material Model 4.2 Validation of FE Model 4.3 Development of Crack and Fracture 5 Theoretical Model 5.1 Prediction of Axial-Load Resistance 5.2 Prediction of Lateral-Load Resistance 5.3 Validation 6 Conclusions References Effects of Gap Arrangement on the Compression Behavior of Square Tubed Steel Reinforced-Concrete Columns 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Specimen Details 2.2 Experimental Results 3 Nonlinear Analysis 3.1 Model Description 3.2 Effect of Local Geometric Imperfection 3.3 Effect of Residual Stress 3.4 Model Validation 3.5 Parametric Study 4 Conclusions References A Modified Beam-to-Column Connection for Steel Modular Structures with Enhanced Repairability 1 Introduction 2 Calibration of Finite Element Analysis 2.1 Reference Connection 2.2 Finite Element Modeling 2.3 Comparison of the Connection Behavior 3 Proposed Connection Scheme 4 Parametric Study on Connection Performance 4.1 Effect of Opening Size for Twin Splice Plates 4.2 Effect of Opening Size for Single Splice Plates 4.3 Twin Splice Plates Versus Single Splice Plate 5 Conclusions References Numerical Analysis of Precast Shear Wall with Opening and Unspliced Vertical Distribution Bars 1 Introduction 2 Development of the Finite-Element Model 2.1 Numerical Model 2.2 Model Verification 3 Analysis Plan 4 Discussion of Numerical Results 4.1 The Effect of Opening Ratio 4.2 Effect of Opening Vertical Location 4.3 Effect of the Length of Boundary Element 5 Conclusions References Structural Health Monitoring and Sensor Technologies for Civil Infrastructure Evaluation of the Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology on Damage Inspection of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Technology 3 Background 4 Discussions for Practical Application 4.1 Comparison with Current Inspection Methods 4.2 Instructions and Recommendations 4.3 Limitations and Challenges 4.4 Future Directions 5 Conclusions References Capture of Crack Evolution for Evaluation of Concrete Properties Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition 1 Introduction 2 Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Crack Detection 3 Crack Detection Technique Applied in UHPC 3.1 UHPC Under Three-Point Bending Tests 3.2 Crack Detection 4 Conclusions References Model Updating with Neural Network Based on Component Model Synthesis 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 The Component Model Synthesis (CMS) 2.2 Neural Network 3 Model Updating of a Truss 4 Conclusion References Crack Assessment of Beam Using Machine Learning with Augmented Sensing 1 Introduction 2 Augmented Sensing 3 Machine Learning 4 Conclusions References Structural Health Monitoring of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams Using Acoustic Emission 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Damage Location Based on AIC and GA 2.2 Damage Characterization Based on MTA 3 Experimental Procedure 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 AE Parameter Analysis of Damage Development 4.2 Damage Location and Characterization 5 Conclusions References Predicting the Modal Frequencies of a Cracked Beam Considering Crack Modes I and II 1 Introduction 2 Formulation 2.1 Spectral Solution 2.2 Derivation of Characteristic Matrix for Cantilever Cracked Beams 3 Validation 4 Conclusions References Deep Learning-Based Crack Detection and Classification for Concrete Structures Inspection 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Method 2.1 Image Processing Techniques (IPTs) 2.2 Application of GA to the Optimization of Image Processing Parameters 2.3 Deep Convolution Neural Network (DCNN) 3 Experiment Results 4 Conclusion References Bayesian System Identification of Civil Engineering Structures: Development and Application Finite Element Model Updating Based on Neural Network Ensemble 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 3 Case Studies 4 Conclusion References Damage Statistics and Integrity Assessment of Brick Masonry Structures in Historic Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Site Investigation 4 Statistics and Analysis 5 Damage Distribution in Vertical Direction 6 Conclusion References Multi-view Target-Free Video Structural Motion Estimation: A Self-adaptive Co-calibration Model 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Multi-frequency Phase Inference 2.1 Multi-frequency Phase Retrieval 2.2 Robust 2D Phase Unwrapping 3 Proposed Reweighted Multi-view Estimation 3.1 Multi-view Estimation 3.2 Proposed Iteratively Reweighted Method 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 2D Motion Estimation 4.2 3D Motion Estimation 5 Conclusions References A Robust Bayesian Sensor Placement Scheme with Enhanced Sparsity and Useful Information for Structural Health Monitoring 1 Introduction 2 Basic Formulations and Modelling 2.1 Information Entropy (IE) 2.2 Probabilistic Model of the Prediction Error 2.3 Structural System Model 3 Sensor Placement Algorithms and Configurations 3.1 Full Search (FS) 3.2 Sequential Sensor Placement (SSP) 3.3 Enhanced Sequential Sensor Placement (SSP) 3.4 Sensor Placement Results 4 Conclusion References Investigation of the Performance of a Bioinspired Two-Fold Blades Wind Turbine with Airfoil Blade Sections by Using QBlade 1 Introduction 2 Analytical Model Setup 2.1 Airfoil Properties and XFOIL Analysis 2.2 Wind Turbine Blade Properties 2.3 Wind Properties and Model Setting 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Validation Results, CP and CT 3.2 Maximum CP and Their Corresponding CT 4 Conclusions References A Bayesian Adaptive Resize-Residual Deep Learning Network for Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Proposed Diagnostic Framework 2.2 Data Pre-processing 2.3 Adaptive Resize-Residual Network 2.4 Bayesian Optimization Scheme 3 Experiment Results 3.1 Experimental Test Rig and Data Description 3.2 Evaluation Metrics 3.3 Experimental Results and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Mechanics of Materials and Structures with Generalized Continua: Flexible Structures, Composite Materials, Optimizations, and Applications Nonlinear Vibrations of Deepwater Catenary Riser Subjected to Wave Excitation 1 Introduction 2 Model Formulation 2.1 Kinematics of Riser 2.2 Element Strain Energy 2.3 Element Kinetic Energy 2.4 Element External Virtual Work 2.5 Nonlinear Equation of Motion 3 Numerical Result 3.1 Numerical Validations 3.2 Small and Large Amplitude Vibrations Analysis 4 Conclusion Appendix A References Effects of High Turbulence Intensity on Dynamic Characteristics of Membrane Structure in Typhoon 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Model Design and Fabrication 2.2 Wind Environment Simulation 2.3 Wind Tunnel Tests 3 Test Results and Analysis 3.1 Displacement Analysis 3.2 Frequency Analysis 3.3 Damping Ratio Analysis 3.4 Distribution Characteristics of Displacement 4 Conclusions References Effects of Discretization Schemes on Free Vibration Analysis of Planar Beam Structures Using Isogeometric Timoshenko-Ehrenfest Beam Formulations 1 Introduction 2 Strain Measures of Planar Curved Timoshenko-Ehrenfest Beams 3 Virtual Work Principle 4 Discretization Schemes 5 Numerical Results 5.1 Accuracy Verification 5.2 Convergence Tests 6 Conclusions References Geometrically Nonlinear Behavior of L-Shaped Frames Under Forces Applied at Different Positions 1 Introduction 2 Problem Descriptions and Numerical Analysis 2.1 L-Shaped Frames with Pinned-Pinned Supports 2.2 L-Shaped Frames with Fixed-Pinned Supports 3 Conclusions References Interfacial Displacement Discontinuity in Coated Substrate with Couple-Stress Effects 1 Introductions 2 Problem Formulation 3 Solution Procedure 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Mechanical Properties of Lattice Specimens Having a Triangular Pattern with Different Relative Densities 1 Introduction 2 Effective Elastic Properties 3 Experimental Study 3.1 Specimen Fabrication 3.2 Tensile Test 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Analytical Solution for Circular Microbeams with Strain Gradient Elasticity 1 Introduction 2 Kinematic Descriptions of Circular Beams with Timoshenko-Ehrenfest Beam Theory 3 Simplified Strain Gradient Elasticity for Circular Microbeams 3.1 Expression of Strain Energy Density 3.2 Strain and Stress Measures 3.3 Virtual Work Principle 4 Governing Equations and Boundary Conditions 4.1 Governing Equations 4.2 Boundary Conditions 5 Procedure for Analytical Solutions 6 Discussions on a Semi-circular Microbeam 7 Conclusions References Free Vibration Analysis of Toroidal Shell Segments with Novel Four-Unknown Refined Theory 1 Introduction 2 FG-GPLRC Toroidal Shell Segment and Material Model 3 Model Kinematics and Material Laws 4 Energy Expressions 5 Solution Procedure 6 Numerical Results 6.1 Convergence Studies 6.2 Comparison Studies 6.3 FG-GPLRC Shell Structures 7 Conclusion References Linear Analysis of Planar Curved Bi-directional Functionally Graded Microbeams Using the Modified Couple Stress Theory 1 Introduction 2 Modified Couple Stress Theory for Planar Curved Microbeams 3 NURBS Interpol