Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas: STESSA 2022 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 262)

This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of seismic design and performance of steel structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 10th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA), held in Timisoara, Romania, on 25-27 May 2022. It covers a diverse range of topics such as behaviour of structural members and connections, performance of structural systems, mixed and composite structures, energy dissipation systems, self-centring and low-damage systems, assessment and retrofitting, codes and standards, light-gauge systems. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists. Foreword Organization Chairman Co-chairman International Scientific Committee International Advisory Committee Scientific Secretariat Organizing Committee Contents Keynote Lectures Steel and Composite Shear Walls - Two High-Performance Lateral Force Resisting Systems Abstract 1 Background on Steel Shear Walls 1.1 Introduction to Steel Shear Walls 1.2 Stiffened Steel Plate Shear Walls 1.3 Unstiffened Steel Shear Walls 1.4 Problems of Unstiffened Steel Shear Walls 1.5 Innovative Solutions to Remove Deficiencies of the Current Unstiffened Steel Walls 1.6 Composite (Steel-Concrete) Shear Walls 2 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Fifty Years of Severe Earthquake Experiences in Japan and the Next Direction of Steel Structures in the World Abstract 1 Introduction 2 EBF Research Started in 1970 in Japan 3 BRB Research Started in 1987 in Japan 4 Material Drives a New Structure 5 Conclusions and Future Directions of Steel Structures Acknowledgments References Lifetime Resilience of Bridges Under Single and Multiple Hazards: Emphasis on Earthquake and Corrosion Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Toward Life-Cycle-Based Design and Assessment of Bridges Under Single and Multiple Hazards 3 Lifetime Reliability and Resilience of Bridges Under Seismic and Airborne Chloride Hazards 4 Conclusions References Steelwork for Seismic Upgrading Abstract 1 General 2 Improvement or Upgrading 3 Types of Intervention 4 Type A Intervention 5 Type B Intervention 6 Type C Intervention 7 Competitiveness of Steelworks 8 Conclusive Remarks References Development and Application of Multi-stage Steel Dampers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Concept and Demands of Multi-stage Steel Dampers 2.1 Basic Concept 2.2 Demands for Design of Multi-stage Steel Dampers 3 Development of Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers 3.1 Configuration of Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers 3.2 Research on the Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers 3.3 Experiments of Coupled Shear Walls with Multi-stage Beam Dampers 4 Development of Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers 4.1 Configuration of Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers 4.2 Research on the Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers 5 Application of Multi-stage Steel Dampers 5.1 Application of Multi-stage Steel Beam Dampers 5.2 Multi-stage Steel Brace Dampers 6 Conclusions References Improving the Seismic Performance of Structural Steel Systems Through Advanced Testing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Real-Time Hybrid Simulation Background 2.1 Integration of the Equations of Motion 2.2 Explicit-Based State Determination 2.3 Servo-Hydraulic Actuator Control 3 Applications of Hybrid Simulation Towards Improving the Seismic Resiliency of Structural Steel Buildings 3.1 Self-centering Moment Resisting Frame Systems 3.2 Braced Frame Systems with Nonlinear Viscous Dampers 3.3 Tall Buildings with Damped Outrigger Systems 4 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Behaviour of Structural Members Development of an Objective Brace Fatigue Model Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Fatigue Model 3 Numerical Modeling of Steel Brace 4 Influence of Numerical Modeling on Strain History 5 Fatigue Models at Material, Section, and Element Levels 5.1 Calibration Procedure 5.2 Test Results of the Developed Fatigue Models 6 Conclusions References Pre-test Numerical Modelling of Stainless Steel and Hybrid Links Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design of the Links 3 Numerical Model 3.1 Calibration of the Numerical Model 3.2 Calibration of the Constitutive Models for Steel 3.3 Modelling of Links 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Experimental Investigation of Concrete-Filled Double Steel Tube Columns (CFDST) with High Performance Materials Under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Test Specimen 2.2 Test Setup and Measurement Equipment 2.3 Loading Protocol 3 Results 3.1 Accuracy of the Test Facility 3.2 Hysteretic Behaviour 3.3 Comparison and Evaluation 4 Conclusion References Modelling Stress-Strain Behaviour of Low-Yield-Point Steels Abstract 1 Review of Cyclic Plasticity Model [7, 8] 1.1 General Equations 1.2 Hardening Rules 1.3 Parameter Calibration 2 Comparison with Experimental Results 3 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Mechanical Characterization of 17-4PH Stainless Steel Manufactured by Means of Selective Laser Melting Technology Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Details of the Experimental Campaign 2.1 Production Criteria 2.2 Test Sample Manufacturing 2.3 Tensile Test Procedure 2.4 Measurement of Residual Stresses 3 Findings and Discussion 3.1 Tensile Behaviour 3.2 Impact of Scanning Time 3.3 Effects of Heat Treatment 3.4 X-ray Diffraction Analyses Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Residual Performance of Structural Steel After Cyclic Plastic Deformation and Strain Aging Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Plan 3 Monotonic Coupon Tests 4 Cyclic Coupon Tests 5 Cyclic-Loading Beam Tests 6 Summary References Full-Scale Testing of European Steel Beams with Reduced Beam Section Under Reversed Cyclic Loading Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 3 Test Results 4 Summary Acknowledgement References Study on Quantitative Evaluation Method for Local Buckling of Flange of H-Section Steel Beam by Micro Strain Amplitude Measurement Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Method of Local Buckling Detection 2.1 Theoretical Local Stiffness of Cantilever Beam 2.2 Calculation Method of Local Stiffness by Finite Element Analysis 3 Analysis Method 3.1 Analysis Model 3.2 Material Properties and Loading Procedure 4 Analysis Result 4.1 Load Deformation Relationship and Deformation State 4.2 Transition of Out-of-Plane Deformation of Flange 4.3 Transition of Local Stiffness and Out-of-Plane Deformation 5 Conclusion Acknowledgement References Fatigue Performance of the Buckling-Restrained Brace Using a Low-Yield-Point Steel Core Plate Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mechanical Properties of LY-Steel and BRBSM 2.1 Characteristics of LY-Steel 2.2 Mechanical Properties of LY-Steel and SN-Steel 2.3 BRBSM Using LY-Steel 3 Test Overview 3.1 Specimens 3.2 Loading Method 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Hysteresis Characteristics 4.2 Failure Behavior 5 Performance Evaluation 5.1 Fatigue Performance 5.2 Comparison of Fatigue Performance with SN-Steel 6 Conclusion References Mechanical Properties of Structural Steels Subjected Bending History for Reuse Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Objective 2 Test Overview 2.1 Specimens 2.2 Bending and Measurement Method 3 Test Results 3.1 Bending and Hardness 3.2 Tensile Test 4 Discussions 4.1 Bending Radius and Maximum Strain 4.2 Mechanical Properties and Bending Count 5 Conclusions References Experiment on Structural Behavior of Metal Exterior Wall Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Construction of Metal Exterior Wall 3 Experiment Outline 3.1 Specimen 3.2 Setup 3.3 Measurement Plan 3.4 Loading 4 Experimental Result 4.1 Overall Behavior 4.2 Deformation Mechanism 4.3 Ultimate Strength 5 Conclusion References Experiments and Modelling of Starred Angle Braces Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Studies 3 Numerical Modelling and Validation 3.1 Model Calibration of XL Brace Under Seismic Loads 4 Conclusions References A Database for Steel Braces with Respect to Inelastic Strength and Ductility Capacity Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Dimensional Properties 3 Key Responses 4 Tensile Strength 5 Maximum Compressive Strength 6 Post-buckling Strength 7 Reproducing Fracture by Fiber Element 8 Conclusion References Structural Modeling of Wide-Flange Steel Beam-Column Under Combined Loading Conditions 1 Introduction 2 Recommendation for Plastic Design of Steel Structures 3 Test Program and Results 3.1 Modeling Until Maximum Bending Moment 3.2 Modeling After Maximum Bending Moment 4 Results of Modeling 4.1 Response Curves 4.2 Plastic Deformation Capacity 5 Comparison with Results of FEM Analysis 6 Conclusions References Behaviour of Connections Numerical Study of the Quasi-static Cyclic Behaviour of Blind-Bolted Connections Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Cyclic Behaviour of Steel Joints 2.1 General Behaviour 2.2 Key Parameters for the Evaluation of the Cyclic Response 3 Numerical Investigation 3.1 Models and Loading Protocol 3.2 Material Properties 3.3 Numerical Simulations 4 Results 5 Conclusion References Data Driven Evaluation of Existing Numerical Modelling Guidelines for Semi-rigid Connections Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Database 3 Deduction of Response Parameters 4 Connection Behaviour Characteristics 5 Assessment of Eurocode 3 Component Method 6 Summary and Conclusions References Nonlinear Numerical Assessment of Steel Reduced Beam Section Connections Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Programme and Results 3 Numerical Procedures and Validation 4 Plastic Strain Distributions 5 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References The Effect of Degree of Composite Action on RWS Connections Subject to Cyclic Loading Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Finite Element Modelling and Verification 3 Parametric Study 3.1 Model Description 3.2 Discussion 4 Conclusions References Development of Dissipative Embedded Columns Base Connections for Mitigating Column Axial Shortening Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Dissipative ECB Concept and Experimental Validation 3 Finite Element Analysis of Dissipative ECB Connections 4 Summary Acknowledgement References Required Strength of Column Joint of Bidirectional Steel Moment-Resisting Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Analysis Method 3 Outlines of Numerical Analysis 3.1 Details of Object Frames 3.2 Input Ground Motions 4 Analysis of Frame with Rigid Column Joints 4.1 Outlines of Rigid Column Joint and Additional Analysis Parameter 4.2 Analysis Result and Discussion 5 Analysis of Frame with Semi-rigid Column Joints 5.1 Details of Semi-rigid Column Joints and Additional Analysis Parameter 5.2 Analysis Result and Discussion 6 Conclusions Acknowledgment References Low-Cyclic Fatigue Characteristics of Hanging Bolts Used in Building Equipment Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Plan 2.1 Test Specimen Overview 2.2 Test Parameters 2.3 Experimental Setup and Loading Method 3 Experiment Result and Discussion 3.1 Effects of Suspension Length and Nominal Diameter on Structural Behavior of Hanging Bolts 3.2 Load-Deformation Relationship 3.3 Evaluation of Elastic Stiffness 3.4 Evaluation of Maximum Strength During Initial Cycle 3.5 Low-Cyclic Fatigue Characteristics of Hanging Bolts 4 Summary References The Effect of Reinforcement at the Bolted Joints of Cold-Formed Steel Moment Frame Assembled by Built-Up Members Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Overview of the Analysis 2.1 Model of Beam Joint 2.2 Material Properties and High-Strength Bolt 3 Comparison of the Experimental Result and Analysis Result 4 Reinforcement of Bolted Joint 5 Effect of Reinforcements 5.1 Web Reinforcement 5.2 Flange Reinforcement 5.3 Effects from Web and Flange Reinforcements 5.4 Evaluation of Reinforcement at Bolted Joint 6 Conclusion References Monotonic and Cyclic Behaviour of Base-Plate Joints of Steel Storage Racks: An Experimental Study Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Experimental Programme 2.1 The Experimental Set-Up 2.2 The Monotonic Tests 2.3 The Cyclic Tests 3 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgements References Experimental and Analytical Observations of the Effect of Leveling Nuts on the Stiffened Column Bases Behavior Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Study 2.1 Test Setup 2.2 Test Result 3 Finite Element Study 4 Summary and Conclusion Acknowledgment References Connection Strength of Braces with Angle Steel and Channel Steel Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Program 2.1 Outline of Test Specimen 2.2 Test Parameters 2.3 Test Setup 3 Test Results 3.1 Outline of Test Results 3.2 Ratio of Effective Length of Outstanding Leg 3.3 Evaluation of Ultimate Strength of Connection for Net Section Fracture 4 Conclusion References Preliminary Study on the Cyclic Response of Welded Joints with CHS Beams and Through-All Plates Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Activity 3 Numerical Activity 4 Calibration of the Parameters of the Hysteretic Material 5 Conclusions References Evaluation of Gusset Plate Buckling Strength Using Stability Functions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Stability Functions 3 Definition of Gusset Plate Sub-elements 4 Buckling Load of Idealized Gusset Plates Using the Proposed Method 4.1 Stiffness Adjustment Factors from Finite Element Analysis 4.2 Comparison with Tested Gusset Plates and Design Methods 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Full Plastic Strength of Circular Hollow Section Panel Zone with Large Aspect Ratio Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Cyclic Loading Test of Single Panel Specimen 2.1 Experimental Program 2.2 Experimental Results 3 Parametric Study by Finite Element Analysis 3.1 Outline of Analysis 3.2 Finite Element Models 3.3 Analysis Results 4 Conclusions References Experimental Study on Horizontal Oblique Beam-End Connections Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Plan 2.1 The Parameters of Specimens and Test Setup 2.2 Test Measurement and Loading Protocol 3 Experimental Results 3.1 Hysteretic Curve and Plastic Deformation 3.2 Strain Distribution 3.3 Comparison with Previous Monotonic Tensile Test of Flange Element 4 Conclusion References Performance of Structural Systems Effective Steel Braced Frames for Tall Building Applications in High Seismic Regions Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Prototype Buildings 2.1 Buildings Studied 2.2 Design of the BRBF and E-BRBF Structures 3 Nonlinear Response History Analysis 3.1 Structure Models 3.2 Ground Motion Time Histories 4 Analysis Results 5 Conclusions References Numerical Response Estimations of a Frame-Spine-FLC System Prior to Experimental Dynamic Testing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Shake-Table Testing 2.1 Moment Resisting Frame 2.2 Spine and FLC Additions 3 Modeling Uncertainty 3.1 Simple Baseline Models 3.2 Refined Models 4 Design Spectrum and Initial Ground Motion Suite 5 Baseline Characterization of the Dynamic Response 6 Prediction and Modeling Uncertainty 7 Summary and Conclusions References Seismic Behaviour and Design of Chevron Multi‐tiered Concentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design of Chevron Multi-tiered Braced Frames 2.1 Prototype Building and Seismic Loading 2.2 Frame Design 3 Seismic Response Evaluation 3.1 Numerical Model 3.2 Nonlinear Static Analysis Results 3.3 Nonlinear Response History Analysis Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Seismic Response of Two-Bay Steel Multi-Tiered Concentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Frames Studied 2.1 Building Geometry and Loading 2.2 Braced Frame Design 3 Seismic Response Evaluation 3.1 Numerical Model 3.2 Frame Response 3.3 Evaluation of the Design Method 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Performance Assessment of a Steel Wind Turbine Tower Subjected to Repeated Earthquakes Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Description and Modelling of Wind Turbine Tower 3 Seismic Input 4 Response to the Design and Maximum Considered Earthquakes 5 Response Under Recurring Earthquakes 6 Conclusions and Future Work References Multi-hazard Robustness Assessment of Seismic Resistant Dual Frame Concentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design of the Case Study Structure 2.1 Description of the Structure and Code-Based Design 2.2 Performance Based Seismic Evaluation 3 Robustness Assessment for Multi-hazard Events 3.1 Robustness Assessment Approach 3.2 Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Data-Driven Substructuring Technique for Pseudo-Dynamic Hybrid Simulation of Steel Braced Frames 1 Introduction 2 Data-Driven Hybrid Simulation (DDHS) Technique 2.1 Sparse Identification of Nonlinear Dynamics (SINDy) Algorithm 2.2 Prandtl-Ishlinskii (PI) Model 2.3 PI-SINDy Model for the Simulation of Hysteretic Response 3 Numerical Verification 3.1 Training of the BRB Using the PI-SINDy Model 3.2 Verification of the DDHS Technique 4 Conclusions References Fragility of Steel Frames with DYBs Designed in the Framework of EC8 Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Hysteretic Response and Numerical Model of DYB 3 Design of Steel Frames with DYB 4 Numerical Analysis and Fragility Curves 5 Seismic Assessment of Case Studies and Conclusions References Collapse Fragility Curves for Non-residential Older Single-Storey Steel Buildings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Building Archetypes 2.1 General Description 2.2 Main Design Output 3 Numerical Modelling 3.1 General Aspects 3.2 Braces and Connections 3.3 Truss Connections 3.4 Envelope Panels 4 Empirical Collapse Fragility Curves 4.1 Main Assumptions and Methodology 4.2 Results 5 Conclusions References Numerical Modelling of a Three-Story Building Using a Hybrid of Mass Timber Walls with Buckling-Restrained Braces Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Building Archetype and Test Specimen 3 BRB Design 4 Numerical Model of BRBs 4.1 Model Description 4.2 Test Data 4.3 Optimized Calibration 5 Simulated Cyclic Behavior of the Test Specimen 6 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Seismic Force Demands on the Foundations of Concentrically Braced Frame Systems Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Building Design 3 Numerical Modelling 3.1 Selection and Scaling of Ground Motions 3.2 Modelling CBF System 3.3 Foundation-Soil Modelling 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Potentially Plastic Zones Details in Bottom Storey Columns of Concentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Considered Bottom Column Details 3 Results and Comments 3.1 Maximum Values for Bending Moments and Axial Forces at the Bottom of First Storey Columns 3.2 Inelastic Deformations in the Potentially Plastic Zones 3.3 Buckling Resistance of First Story Columns 4 Conclusions References Probabilistic Risk Assessment of an Existing RC Building Strengthened with Steel Bracings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Representative Building 3 Structural Analyses 4 Conclusions References Case Study of a Tall Building in Greece: Performance-Based Seismic Design and Assessment of Composite Coupling Beams Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Application of Performance Based Seismic Design-Case Study 2.1 Description of the Structure 2.2 Acceptance Criteria 2.3 Simulation 2.4 Nonlinear Analysis Results and Comparative Study 3 Conclusive Remarks Acknowledgements References Feasibility of Strongback System in Storey Mechanism Mitigation of Steel Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Case Study 3.1 Design of Archetype Buildings 3.2 Nonlinear Seismic Response 4 Conclusions References Numerical Modelling of Masonry Infill Walls in Existing Steel Frames Against Experimental Results Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Strut Models 3 Comparisons of the Equivalent Strut Models 4 Conclusions References Evaluation of the Seismic Behaviour of Modular Steel Moment-Resisting Frame Structures with Knee Braces Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Proposed System and Expected Nonlinear Mechanism 3 Seismic Design and Analysis 4 Seismic Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusions References Design, Analysis and Assessment of MRFs Equipped with FREEDAM Connections and Designed by TPMC: Comparison with Traditional Connections Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Haunched Connections vs FREEDAM Connections 3 Design Approach: TPMC 4 Study Case 5 Modelling Assumptions 5.1 Structures with Traditional Joints 5.2 Structures with FREEDAM Joints 6 Pushover Analyses 7 Non-linear Dynamic Analyses 8 Conclusions References Pinned and Fixed Connections in “2 Storey X-Braced” Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Extreme Values for Base Shear Forces and Horizontal Floor Displacements 3 Maximum Plastic Deformations in Diagonals and Beams 4 Maximum Member Force Values 5 Estimated Steel Consumption 6 Conclusions References Preliminary Results from Shake Table Tests of the FUTURE Mock-Up Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The FUTURE Mock-Up 3 Shake Table Tests 3.1 Test Setup 3.2 Selected Input Ground Motions 3.3 Preliminary Results 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Seismic Performance of Industrial Component Supporting Steel Structures – Past Damages, Current Design Practice and Recent Experimental Tests Abstract 1 Industrial Component Supporting Steel Structures 2 Seismic Design Practice of Industrial Steel Structures 2.1 Characteristics of Industrial Steel Structures 2.2 Codes, Standards, and Guidelines 2.3 Analysis Methods 3 Seismic Performance During Past Events 4 Experimental Tests on Industrial Structures and Components 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Seismic Performance of Steel Multi-tiered Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames in Canada Abstract 1 Introduction 2 MT-BRBF Design 3 MT-BRBF Numerical Model 4 Seismic Response Evaluation 5 Conclusions References Seismic Performance of Dual-Concentrically Braced Frames with Slim-Floor Beam-to-Column Joints Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Dual Concentrically-Braced Frame: General Aspects 3 Seismic Performance Assessment 3.1 Definition of the Nonlinear Behaviour 3.2 Outcomes from the Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Analyses 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Seismic Resistant Configurations for Concentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Description of the Analysed Frames 2 Extreme Base Shear Forces and Horizontal Floor Displacements 3 Maximum Inelastic Deformations Along Diagonals and Girders 4 Maximum Member Forces 5 Estimated Steel Consumption 6 Conclusions References Seismic Response of a Large-Scale Steel Structure with Dissipative Double Split Tee Connections Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design of Connections and Building Mock-Up 3 Experimental Set-Up and Test Procedure 4 Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Mixed and Composite Structures Development of Effective Designs for Composite Bridges in Seismic Areas Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 VTR® System 1.2 VFT® and VFT-WIB® 1.3 Integral and Semi-integral Bridges 2 Case Studies for VTR® Bridges 3 Conclusions References Numerical Study on Seismic Performance of High-Strength CFST Frame Structure with Aluminium Alloy Core Assembled Buckling-Restrained Braces Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model Overview 2.1 Model Design Parameters 2.2 Element Type and Constitutive Relationships 3 Modal Analysis 4 Static Elastic-Plastic Analysis 4.1 Pushover Curves 4.2 Frequent Seismic Performance Point 4.3 Rare Seismic Performance Point 4.4 Yield Mechanism 5 Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Time History Analysis 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Seismic Behaviour Improvement of Steel-Concrete Composite Frames Based on Steel Spiral-Confined Slabs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Analysis 2.1 Original System 2.2 Confinement of the Concrete Slab with Steel Spirals 2.3 Numerical Modelling 3 Results 3.1 Load-Displacement Response 3.2 Qualitative Stress and Damage Evolution 4 Conclusions References Slim-Floor Beam-to-Column Joints for Seismic-Resistant Structures: Design Approach and Detailing Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Background 3 Design Approach and Detailing of SF Beam-to-Column Joints 3.1 Predesign and Initial Considerations 3.2 Elastic Design of the SF beam’s Equivalent Moment of Inertia 3.3 Plastic Bending Resistance of the Dissipative Zone 3.4 Beam-to-Column Connection – Evaluation of Actions and Capacity 3.5 Column Web Panel – Evaluation of Actions and Capacity 3.6 Stiffness of the Slim-Floor Beam-to-Column Joint 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Comparative Study on the Behaviour of Composite Steel-Concrete Shear Walls Under Lateral Loads Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Experimental Specimens 2.2 Materials 2.3 Test Setup – Testing Loading Procedure 3 Tests Results and Discussion 3.1 Hysteretic Curves 3.2 Strain Analysis 3.3 Stiffness Degradation Analysis 3.4 Deformation Capacity 3.5 Cracking and Failure Modes 4 Conclusions References The Seismic Behaviour of Composite Steel-Concrete Coupled Walls with Centred Openings Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Test Setup – Testing Loading Procedure 3 Tests Results and Discussion 3.1 Hysteretic and Envelope Curves 3.2 Stiffness Degradation Analysis 3.3 Cracking and Failure Modes 4 Conclusions References Yielding Mode Classification of Composite Beam-Square Hollow Section Column Subassemblies Under Bidirectional Loading Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Concept of Yielding Mode Classification 3 Outline of Finite Element Analysis 4 Validation of Proposed Yielding Mode Classification 4.1 Bare Beam-Column Subassemblies with no Axial Force 4.2 Bare Beam-Column Subassemblies with Axial Force 4.3 Composite Beam-Column Subassemblies 5 Conclusions Acknowledgments References Energy Dissipation Systems Dual System for Enhanced Seismic Performance of Friction-Sliding Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 2.1 Prototype Building and Design 3 Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Results 3.1 Ground Motions 3.2 Modelling 3.3 Nonlinear Response of Model Buildings 4 Conclusions References The Influence of the U-Shaped Damper Configuration on the Seismic Performance of Steel Building Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 U-Shaped Metallic Dampers 3 Design and Modelling of Structures 4 Applied Seismic Records 5 Discussion of Results 6 Conclusions References Cyclic Behaviour of Steel Shear Walls with Beam-Only Connection Shear Panels Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Verification of the FE Model 3 Numerical Study on SPSWs with Beam-Only-Connection 4 FE Results 4.1 General 4.2 Structural Behaviour 4.3 Fracture Tendency 5 Conclusion References Effectiveness of Perforated Shear Panels for Improving the Failure Modes of Beam-to-Column Connections in Steel Shear Walls Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Modifying Perimeter Perforated Pattern 3 Numerical Study on Three-Story Structure 3.1 Finite Element Model 4 Parametric Evaluation 4.1 Numerical Perforated Specimens 4.2 FEM Results 4.3 Discussion 4.4 Fracture Tendency 5 Conclusion References Seismic Performance of SDOF System with a Negative Stiffness-Inerter System Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Mathematical Modelling 2.1 The Mechanical Models of NSIS, NSAD and IS 2.2 Equations of Motion of SDOF System with NSIS and Transfer Functions 2.3 Influences of the NSIS Damping 3 Optimal Design Method for SDOF Systems with NSIS 3.1 Fixed Points of the Transfer Functions 3.2 Optimizing the Negative Stiffness Ratio 3.3 Optimizing the NSIS Damping Ratio 3.4 SDOF Systems with Optimal NSIS 4 Performance of NSIS Under Real Earthquakes 5 Conclusion References Development of a Hybrid Base Isolation-Tuned Mass Damper Inerter System (BI-TMDI) for Seismic Protection of Steel Structures Abstract 1 Introduction 2 BI-TMDI System 2.1 Introduction of the BI-TMDI 3 Loading Capacity Analysis 3.1 Experimental Testing and FEM Verification 3.2 Design Reference 4 Dynamic Analysis of the BI-TMID System 4.1 Dynamic Modeling of the BI-TMDI System 4.2 Optimization Analysis 4.3 Seismic Response Analysis of the BI-TMDI Structure 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Friction Rotational Link for Seismic Dissipation in Steel Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Friction Rotational Link (FRL) 2.2 FRL Quasi-static Testing 2.3 FRL Rotational Force Assessment 2.4 Rotational Force Degradation Assessment 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 FRL Hysteresis Loop 3.2 FRL Rotational Force 3.3 FRLs Rotational Force Degradation 4 Conclusions References Effects of Prying Forces on the Hysteretic Behaviour of Asymmetric Friction Connections (AFCs) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 AFC Assembly 2.2 AFC Quasi-static Testing 3 AFC Elastic Model 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 AFC Hysteresis Loop 4.2 AFC Proposed Sliding Mechanism 4.3 Comparison of Proposed Sliding Force Model to Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Seismic Design of Steel Moment Resisting Frames with Fluid Viscous Dampers Using Optimization Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Problem Formulation 2.1 NTHA 2.2 Design Variables 2.3 Objective Function and Constraints 3 Numerical Example 4 Conclusions References Seismic Performance and Rehabilitation of the Solca Hospital Main Buildings After the 2016 Pedernales Earthquake Abstract 1 Introduction 2 General and Structural Description of the Solca Complex 3 Observed Damage 3.1 The Structural Survey Program 3.2 Geotechnical Site Characterization 3.3 Observed Damage to the Buildings 4 Causes of the Damages 4.1 Linear Structural Analyses 4.2 Nonlinear Structural Analyses 5 Seismic Rehabilitation of Building 2 6 Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments References Controlling Drift Demands in Steel Moment Resisting Frames at Frequent Earthquakes Using Tuned Mass Dampers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Reference Structure 3 Tuned Mass Damper Characteristics 4 Performance Evaluation 5 Conclusions References Self-centring and Low-Damage Systems Optimization Based Seismic Design of Self-centering Concentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Structural Model 3 Problem Formulation 3.1 Design Variables 3.2 Objective Function 3.3 Constraints 3.4 Optimization Scheme 4 Case Study 5 Conclusions References Design of Low-Rise Controlled Rocking Braced Frames for Life Cycle Costs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design of Prototype Structures 2.1 Base Rocking Joint and Frame Member Capacity Design 3 Ground Motion Selection and Numerical Modelling of Controlled Rocking Braced Frames 4 Initial Construction Cost and Loss Assessment 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Structural Performance 5.2 Loss Assessment 6 Conclusion References Design and Analysis of Damage-Free Self-centring Links for Seismic-Resilient Eccentrically Braced Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Damage Free Self-centring Link 3 Case-Study 4 Design of the Damage-Free Self-centring Link 5 Finite Element Simulations 6 Conclusions References Comparison of the Seismic Performance of Conventional Moment Resisting Frames and Innovative Dissipative Replaceable Link Frames Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Case Study 3 Seismic Performance 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Pseudo-dynamic Testing of a Large-Scale Steel Building with Innovative Column Base Connections: Design and Numerical Simulations Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Tested Structure 3 Experimental Setup, Instrumentation, and Test Procedure 4 Numerical Modelling 5 Non-linear