Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 2: WHTC 2023, 22–26 May, Foshan, China (Springer Proceedings in Physics, 394)

This book highlights the latest advances in fundamental research, technologies and applications of hydrogen energy and fuel cells. In recent years, energy conversion between electricity and hydrogen energy has attracted increasing attention as a way to adjust the load of the grid. This book discusses and exchanges cutting-edge findings and technological developments in fields such as new proton exchange membrane electrolyzers, new electrode materials and catalysts, renewable energy, off-grid/grid-connected water electrolysis for hydrogen production, key materials and components of fuel cells, high-temperature solid oxide water electrolysis, energy storage technologies and research, CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol, nitrogen to ammonia and other applications with industrial potential. The main topics of the proceedings include: 1) Policies and strategies for hydrogen energy and fuel cells; 2) Advanced proton exchange membranes, electrodes and catalyst materials for water electrolysis; 3) Advanced hydrogen compression, storage, transportation and distribution technologies; 4) Safety and related standards; 5) Manufacture and R&D of key materials and components of fuel cells and stack systems. Preface Contents Contributors Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of Catalytic Ortho-Para Hydrogen Conversion on the Hydrogen Liquefaction Process 1 Introduction 2 The Theoretical Calculation Model 2.1 Model Description 2.2 Model Assumptions 2.3 Hydrogen Property Data of Different Composition 2.4 The O-P Hydrogen Conversion and Conversion Heat 2.5 Calculation Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Calculation Results 3.2 Discussions 4 Conclusion References Numerical Analysis of Methanol Steam Reforming Reactor for kW-Scale Fuel Cells 1 Introduction 2 Modelling Approach 2.1 Simulation Method 2.2 Chemical Reaction 2.3 Model Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Steam to Carbon Ratio 3.2 Combustion Temperature 3.3 Liquid Speed Velocity 4 Power Amplication 5 Conclusion References A Non-isothermal and Two-Phase Model for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Model 2.1 Geometry and Mesh 2.2 Conservation Equation 2.3 Two Phase Model 2.4 Boundary Conditions 2.5 Numerical Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Model Validation 3.2 Numerical Results 4 Conclusions References An Optimization of Perturbative Current Algorithm for Vehicular PEMFC Stack Online EIS Measurements 1 Introduction 2 DC/DC Converter System Topology and Modeling 3 Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References CFD Modeling of NH3 Synthesis on Ru-Based Catalyst for Hydrogen Storage and Transport 1 Introduction 2 Model Description 2.1 Kinetic Model 2.2 CFD Simulation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Model Validation 3.2 Analysis of the CFD Results 4 Conclusion References Electric Performance Model of Solid Oxide Electrolytic Cell Based on Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of SOEC Systems 3 Neural Network Modelling of SOEC 3.1 Neural Network Regression 3.2 Configuration of Neural Network Model 3.3 Performance Evaluation of Neural Network Model 4 Conclusions References A Current-Fed Interleaved Floating Dual Boost DC-DC Converter with Low Current Ripple for Fuel Cell Vehicles 1 Introduction 2 Structure and Operation of Proposed Current-Fed IFDBC 3 Control of Proposed Current-Fed IFDBC 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References Optimization of Shared Energy Storage Capacity for Multi-microgrid Operation with Flexible Loads and Economic Dispatch 1 Introduction 2 Structural Diagram of the System 3 Capacity Configuration Principles and Source Output Model 4 The Double-Layer Optimization Model for Capacity Configuration of the System 4.1 Upper-Level Capacity Configuration Optimization Model 4.2 Lower-Level Optimization Scheduling and Operation Model 5 Bi-Level Decision Game Model WOA-SOCP Algorithm 6 Case Study Analysis 7 Conclusion References S-Decorated NiMoO4 Nanomaterial Heterostructure for Enhanced Hydrogen Generation 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Synthesis of the NiMoO4/NF Precursor 2.2 Synthesis of NiMoO4-S/NF 2.3 Catalysts Characterization 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Analysis and Monitoring of Hydrogen Accidents of Fuel Cell Vehicles in Container Transportation 1 Introduction 2 Mathematic Model 3 Geometric Model 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Research Progress and Analysis of Production Process Methods for Cryo-Compressed Hydrogen 1 Introduction 1.1 Ambient and High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage 1.2 Liquid Hydrogen Storage 1.3 Hydrogen Storage Materials 1.4 Cryo-Compressed Hydrogen Storage 2 Research Progress 2.1 Argonne Laboratory 2.2 Lawrence Laboratory 2.3 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS 3 Preparation Process and Energy Consumption Analysis 3.1 Preparation Process 3.2 Energy Consumption Analysis 4 Conclusion References Route Analysis and Reduction Method of Parasitic Current in Alkaline Water Electrolyzer 1 Introduction 2 Route Analysis of Parasitic Current 2.1 Potential Distribution in a Single Cell 2.2 Electrolyte Distribution in a Stack 2.3 Route1 2.4 Route2 2.5 Route3 3 Model Description 3.1 Lye Distribution in a Stack 3.2 Modeling of Parasitic Route1 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Simulation Results 4.2 Influence of Manifold Resistance 4.3 Influence of Duct Resistance 4.4 Influence of Rectifier Current 5 Conclusion References 3D Quantitative Risk Assessment of the Interior of a Hydrogen Refueling Station in Shanghai 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Hydrogen Refueling Station 3 Risk Identification and Probability Analysis 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Effects on the Performance of Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (LT-PEMFC) Using Oxygen Enrichment Air 1 Introduction 2 LT-PEMFC System 2.1 Mathematical Equations 2.2 Model Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on Fuel Cell Performance 3.2 Effect of the Relative Humidity on the Performance 4 Conclusion References Energy Hierarchical Control Strategy of Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production Integrated System 1 Introduction 2 System Architecture 2.1 A Subsection Sample 3 Model Building 3.1 Photovoltaic Cell Model 3.2 Lithium Battery Model 3.3 Electrolytic Tank Model 3.4 Hydrogen Storage Tank Model 4 Energy Stratification Control Strategy 4.1 Hierarchical Control Structure 4.2 Communication Control Layer Control 4.3 System Management Control 5 Simulation Verification 5.1 Working Condition and Parameter Setting 5.2 Simulation Experiment Results 6 Conclusion References Multi-parameter Analysis and Optimization Design of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolytic Cell 1 Introduction 2 Geometric Configuration 3 Numerical Simulation 3.1 Model Assumptions 3.2 Governing Equations 3.3 Boundary Conditions 3.4 Solution Procedure 3.5 Model Validation 4 Multi-objective Optimization Design 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Effect of Temperature on Cell Performance 5.2 Effect of Flow Rate on Cell Performance 5.3 Effect of Thickness of Anode Gas Diffusion Layer on Cell Performance 5.4 Optimization Design 6 Conclusions References Coordinated Control Strategy for Off-grid Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production System Considering Source-Load Uncertainty 1 Introduction 2 Structure of Off-grid Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production System 3 Coordinated Control Strategy of Off-grid Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production System 3.1 Structure Diagram of Power Coordination Control System 3.2 Top-Level Energy Management System 3.3 Underlying Control System 4 Simulation Verification of Coordinated Control Strategy for Off-grid Photovoltaic Hydrogen Production System 4.1 Scenario 1 System Coordination Control Strategy Simulation Verification 4.2 Simulation and Verification of Coordinated Control Strategy for Scene 1–Scene 4 Dynamic Switching System 5 Conclusion References Degradation Characteristics Prediction for Vehicle PEM Fuel Cell Stack Using a Fusion Prognostic Approach 1 Introduction 2 Durability Test and Data Acquisition for Vehicle Fuel Cell Stack 2.1 Degradation Mechanism of Fuel Cell Stacks 2.2 Experiment Setup of the FCS Durability 3 Fusion Prognostic Approach for State of Health Estimation 3.1 Degradation Rate Model of Vehicle Driving Cycle 3.2 Data-Driven Degradation Model 3.3 Model Architecture of the Proposed Fusion Prognostic Approach 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Study of In-Situ Visualization and Two-Phase Flow Characteristics in Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Setup 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 The Mass Transport of Ti-Fiber PTL 3.2 The Mass Transport in Ti-Powder PTL 3.3 Two-Phase Flow Characteristic and Performance of Ti-Mesh PTL 4 Conclusion References Online EIS Evaluation of PEM Electrolyzer Powered by LLC Resonant Converter 1 Introduction 2 Static-Dynamic Electrical Modeling of PEM Electrolyzer 3 Control Strategy of LLC Converter for EIS Evaluation 4 Simulation and Results 5 Conclusions References The Effects of Conductive Additives on the Overall Performance of Composite Bipolar Plate in PEMFCs 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Fabrication Process 2.2 Characterization 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 The Morphology and Characteristic of Graphite and Additive 3.2 The Internal Structure of CBP with Different Carbon-Based Materials 3.3 The Electrical Properties of CBPs with Different Conductive Additives 3.4 Mechanical Properties of CBP with Different Carbon-Based Materials 3.5 The Thermal Conductivity of CBP with Different Carbon-Based Materials 3.6 Hydrophobic Properties of CBP with Different Carbon-Based Materials 3.7 Corrosion Resistance and Corrosion Evaluation Using EIS 4 Conclusion References Research on Multi-scenario Optimization Scheduling Strategy of Electrolysis-Hydrogen Coupling System for New Power Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 A Subsection Sample 2 Modeling of Electric-Hydrogen Synergy System 2.1 System Model 2.2 Thermal Power Unit 2.3 Hydropower Units 2.4 Wind Power and PV 2.5 Electric-Hydrogen Equipment 3 Multi-scenario Optimization and Scheduling Strategy 3.1 Joint Control Strategy 3.2 Objective Function 3.3 System Constraints 4 Simulation Results and Analysis 4.1 System Parameters 4.2 Simulation Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References The Configuration Design and Control for an Ejector-Based Hydrogen Recirculation System on High-Power Fuel Cell Engines 1 Introduction 2 Hybrid Hydrogen Recirculation System 2.1 System Configuration 2.2 Model and Ejector Design 2.3 Configuration Test Bench and Engine Prototype 3 Control Algorithm 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Configuration Validation 4.2 Fuel Cell Engine Test Results 5 Conclusion References Algorithm Optimization and Simulation Optimization of Flow Uniformity in Conventional Z Type Parallel Flow Field in the PEMFC 1 Introduction 2 Model Descriptions 2.1 Flow Uniformity Optimization Model 2.2 Fuel Cell Model Descriptions 2.3 Operating Parameters and Boundary Conditions 3 Model Validation and Mesh Independency 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Compare of the Optimized Flow Field and Traditional Flow Field 4.2 Simulation Results of the Optimized and Conventional Flow Field 4.3 Simulation Results of the Re-Optimized Flow Field 5 Conclusion References Study of Thermal Contact Resistance of PEMFC Interface Between Gas Diffusion Backing Layer and Bipolar Plate 1 Introduction 2 Thermal Contact Resistance Measurement 2.1 Test Equipment and Sample 2.2 Measurement Principle 3 Thermal Model 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Measured Results of Thermal Resistance 4.2 Effect of Thermal Contact Resistance on Fuel Cell Heat Transfer 5 Conclusion References Effects of Ionomer Content on Transient Response Characteristics of PEMFCs Under Dynamic Loading Conditions 1 Introduction 2 PEMFC Model Development 2.1 Computational Domain and Governing Equations 2.2 Local Oxygen Transport Model and Reaction Kinetics 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Model Validations 3.2 Analysis of Voltage Response Characteristics 3.3 Analysis of LCD Uniformity Response Characteristics 4 Conclusions References Hydrogen Used for Renewable Energy Storage: Techno-Economic Analysis of Different Technology Routes 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 System Modelling 2.2 LCOE Methodology 2.3 Optimal System Sizing 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Economic Analysis Results Under Different Scenarios 3.2 Economic Analysis Results Under Different System Configurations 3.3 Economic Analysis Results with NH3 Storage 4 Conclusions References Investigation of Two-Phase Flow Interfaces in Gas Flow Channels of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Various Channel Parameters 1 Introduction 2 Experimental 2.1 Materials and Experiments 2.2 Fluid Mechanics Simulations 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Economical Component Sizing and Energy Management for a Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Battery Powertrain 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Case Study 3.1 Component Sizing and Energy Management 3.2 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References The Obstacle Effects on Spontaneous Ignition of Pres-Surized Hydrogen Jets 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Methods 2.1 Geometry 2.2 Numerical Models 2.3 Mesh Sensitivity 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Initial Stages of Pressurized Hydrogen Release Jet 3.2 The Effect of Obstacle Shapes 4 Conclusions References Rhombic Stretching Flow Channel Arrangement Method for Alkaline Water Electrolyzer 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Geometric Model 2.2 Simulation Method 2.3 Boundary Condition 2.4 Experimental Method 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Simulation Result 3.2 Experimental Result 4 Conclusion References Index