Proceedings of Seventh International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2022, London, Volume 3 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Book 464)

Preface Contents Editors and Contributors Technologies + Design for Social Integration 1 Introduction 1.1 A New Paradigm 1.2 ICT and Knowledge 2 Our Practices 2.1 Methodology and Proposals 3 Conclusion References Weight-Based Dynamic Hybrid Recommendation System for Web Application Content 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Development of a RS for Movies 3.1 Prototype 3.2 Types of Recommendations 4 Analysis of Personalized Movie Recommendation 4.1 Recommendation for Items Profiles and Users 4.2 Collaborative Recommendation Based on Users Similarity 4.3 Hybrid Recommendation 5 Conclusions References Measuring the Success of the Ngawi District Government Web site Using the Delone and Mclean Model 1 Introduction 2 Use of Web site in Government 3 Research Method 4 Results 4.1 Respondent Profile 4.2 Outer Model Test Results 4.3 Result of Structural Model Testing (Inner Model) 5 Conclusion References Factor Influencing Trust in Government: A Survey in the Bantul Regency 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Trust in Government 2.2 Perceived Ease of Use 2.3 Perceived Usefulness 2.4 Security Risk 3 Methods 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Validated Research Model, Data Validity, and Data Reliability 4.2 Inner Model Test 4.3 Hypothesis Testing 5 Conclusion References Different Applications and Technologies of Internet of Things (IoT) 1 Introduction 2 The IoT System Architecture 3 Major Applications of IoT 4 Smart City, Transport as Well as Vehicles 5 Maintenance Management 6 Healthcare 7 Wearables Devices 8 Hospitality 9 Smart Grid as Well as Energy Saving 10 Water Supply 11 Agriculture 12 Key Issues Associated with IoT 13 Privacy and Security 14 Inter-Operation and Standard Issues 15 Ethics, Law, and Rights 16 Dependability, Scalability, and Accessibility 17 Quality of Service (QoS) 18 Big Data Analytics in IoT 19 Conclusion References Review and Evaluation of Trending SSVEP-Based BCI Extraction and Classification Methods 1 Introduction 2 SSVEP-Based BCI Extraction Methods 2.1 Independent Component Analyzes—ICA 2.2 Fast Fourier Transform—FFT 2.3 Wavelets Transform—WT 2.4 Canonical Correlation Analyzes—CCA 2.5 Hilbert-Huang Transform—HHT 2.6 Power Spectral Density Analysis—PSDA 2.7 Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) 2.8 Multivariate Synchronization Index (MSI) 2.9 Welch’s Method 2.10 Minimum Energy Combination—MEC 2.11 Benchmark, Advantages, and Disadvantages of the Methods 3 SSVEP-Based BCI Classification Methods 3.1 Bayesian Classifier 3.2 Liner Discriminant Analyzes—LDA 3.3 Support Vector Machine—SVM 3.4 K-Nearest Neighbor—KNN 3.5 Extreme Learning Machines—ELM 3.6 Convolutional Neural Network—CNN 3.7 Benchmark, Advantages, and Disadvantages of the Methods 4 Conclusion and Discussion References Finite Element of Biomechanical Model of the Human Myocardium from a Cardiac MRI Images 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Dataset 2.2 Numerical Simulation 2.3 3D Cardiac model 3 Evaluation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Comparative Analysis Between Macro and Micro-Accuracy in Imbalance Dataset for Movie Review Classification 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 SVM as Multi-class Classifier 2.2 NB as Multi-class Classifier 2.3 RF as Multi-class Classifier 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Description 3.2 Experimental Setup 3.3 Performance Measure 4 Result and Analysis 5 Conclusion References A Food Constraint Satisfaction System-Based on Genetic and Random Walk Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Review of Related Literature 3 The Importance of BMI and BMR in This Research 4 Details of the Food Constraints 5 Description of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem 6 Application of GA in Solving the User Food Constraints 7 The Details of Implementation of GA in This Food Constraint Satisfaction Problem 8 Application of RW in This Food Constraint Problem 9 Results of RW in the User Food Constraint Problem 10 Conclusion References An Ontological Model for Fire Evacuation Route Recommendation in Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Ontologies and Building Emergency: Related Work 3 Building Ontologies 4 Building the Ontology 4.1 Specification Stage 4.2 Conceptualisation Stage 4.3 Formalisation and Implementation Stages 5 Evaluation 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Securing International Space Station Against Recent Cyber Threats 1 Introduction 2 Framework and Possible Cyberattacks 2.1 ISS Framework 2.2 Potential Cyberattacks Against the ISS 3 Mathematical Formulation 3.1 Objective Function 3.2 ISS Power System 3.3 FDI Power 4 Simulation Results 4.1 FDI on Battery Depletion 4.2 FDI on Load Shedding 5 Defense Mechanisms/Solutions 5.1 Securing the Earth Station 5.2 Securing the Communication Channel Between the Earth and Space Station 6 Conclusion References New Approach to Rural Energy Planning Based on ICHC-MGK 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Used Methods for Data Mining 3 Results and Interpretation 3.1 Results Obtained by ICHC-MGK 3.2 Some Interpretations 4 Conclusion References Texture Analysis and Feature Extraction in Tumor Skin Cancer: Survey 1 Introduction 2 Techniques for Feature Extraction 3 Conclusion References Identification of Key Criteria of Selecting the Delivery System and Type of Contract in Construction Projects 1 Introduction 2 Research Method 3 Results and Discussions 3.1 Conducting the Delphi Rounds to Identify the Selection Criteria 4 Conclusion References Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Weather Stations Meter 1 Introduction 2 Outdoor Weather Meter System 3 Indoor and Outdoor Weather Meter System 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Smart and Intelligent Alcohol Detection System for Corporate Organization 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed System 4 Conclusion References Legal Frameworks and Issues of Social Media Use for Politics 1 Introduction 2 The Study 3 Findings 4 Discussion and Reflection 5 Conclusion References Prevalence and Determinants of Mobile Health Applications Use Among Saudi Adults 1 Introduction 2 Subjects and Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion 6 Recommendations References Literature Review of TAM Model Applicable to e-government in Peru’s Agricultural Export Sector 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Technology Acceptance Model—TAM 2.2 Peru’s Agricultural Export Sector 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Phase 1: Planning the Review 3.2 Phase 2: Conducting the Review 3.3 Phase 3: Reporting the Review 4 Finding and Analysis 4.1 Question 1: What is TAM Model? 4.2 Question 2: Which Factors Influence in the TAM Models? and Question 3: What is the TAM Model and Which Factors Influence It? 4.3 Question 4: Who Are the Most Representative Authors of TAM Models? 4.4 To Sum up 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion References Internet of Things (IoT) Adoption: Challenges and Barriers 1 Introduction 2 IoT Applications 2.1 Smart Cities 2.2 Smart Buildings and Homes 2.3 The Smart Grid and Smart Energy 2.4 Smart Health 2.5 Intelligent Public Transport and Mobility 2.6 Smart Manufacturing and Smart Factory 2.7 Smart Environment 2.8 Academic 3 Internet of Things Challenges 4 Architectures of IOT 4.1 Sensing Layer (Hardware) 4.2 Networking and Communication 4.3 Service Layer 4.4 Interface Layer 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies in the Agricultural Sector 1 Introduction 2 Technology Adoption Models in the Agricultural Sector 2.1 Adoption of Technologies in the Agricultural Sector 3 Methodology 4 Results 5 Conclusions References Effective Biometric Technology Used with Big Data 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Big Data Challenges 2.2 Digital and Cultural Gap 2.3 Identification and Verification Technology 2.4 Voice Recognition System 2.5 Some of Biometric Used in Big Data Applications 2.6 Concerns About the Use of Biometric Technology 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Gathering and Examination 3.2 The Finding 3.3 Interview Results of Managers 3.4 Questionnaire Results of Government Employees 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion Remark References Dropout in Higher Education and Determinant Factors 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Determining Factors and Dropout 3 Methodology 4 Results 4.1 Categories Used to Classify the Factors 4.2 Factors Related to Dropout Student 5 Conclusions References A Text Classification for Vietnamese Feedback via PhoBERT-Based Deep Learning 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 2.1 Sentiment Analysis for English Text 2.2 Sentiment Analysis for Vietnamese Text 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Data Preprocessing 3.2 PhoBERT-Based CNN Model 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Experimental Setup 4.3 Results 5 Conclusion References Evaluation of Cloud Databases as a Service for Industrial IoT Data 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 IIoT Architecture Based on Industry 4.0 Standards 4 Database Performance Evaluation 4.1 Dataset Overview 4.2 Evaluation Metrics 4.3 Performance Evaluation and Experimentation Using IIoT Data 4.4 IIoT Data Experimentation and Experimental Results 5 Conclusions References Fault-Tolerant Distributed Mutual Exclusion over Elastic Logical Ring Topology 1 Introduction 2 Scheme 3 for Two-Way Resiliency 2.1 Chain of Algorithms for Two-Way Resiliency 2.2 Injection General Formalized Specification 2.3 Ring Stretching Sample 3 Conclusion References Performance Analysis of TDM-PON Protection Schemes by Means of the PON Network Availability Evaluator 1 Introduction 2 The Deployment of TDM-PON Protection Schemes 2.1 Reliability Diagrams for Protection Schemes 2.2 Parameters for the Evaluation of Protection Schemes 2.3 The Power Budget and a Number of Subscribers 3 The PON Network Availability Evaluator 4 The Evaluation of the TDM-PON Network Availability 5 Conclusion References Using Case-Based Reasoning in System Diagnostics and Maintenance 1 Introduction 2 Knowledge Application Systems 3 CBR Model 4 Conclusion References Dr. AI: A Heterogeneous Clinical Decision Support System for Personalised Health Care 1 Introduction 2 Dr. AI: The Proposed Platform 2.1 Challenges 2.2 Developing the System 3 Experimental Analysis 4 Conclusions and Future Works References The Impact of Collaborative Decision-Making in a Smart Manufacturing Environment: Case Study Using an Automated Water Bottling Plant 1 Introduction 2 Plant Overview and Modeling 3 Collaborative Decision-Making in the Automated Water Bottling Plant 3.1 Machine Only 3.2 Human–Machine Collaboration 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Analysis of Social Assistance During the COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Public Policy Implementation 3 Methodology 4 Discussion 4.1 Bureaucratic Structure 4.2 Resource 4.3 Commitment 4.4 Communication 5 Conclusion References Toward an Agile and Transformational Government, Through the Development of the Tangerang LIVE Application (Case Study of Tangerang City, Indonesia) 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 E-Government 2.2 Agile Government 3 Research Method 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Overview of the Tangerang LIVE Application 4.2 Based on Quick Wins 4.3 Systematic and Adaptive Approach 4.4 Simple Design and Continuous Refinement 5 Conclusion References The Successful Use of the PeduliLindungi Application in Handling COVID-19 (Indonesian Case Study) 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Application Development Success Strategy 2.2 Digital Transition in Handling COVID-19 2.3 Community Participation in Implementing the Digital Transition 3 Method 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Value of Trust in PeduliLindungi Applications 4.2 Health Services Through PeduliLindungi 4.3 Community Response as a Form of Digital Participation 5 Conclusion References Application of the JKN Mobile Application in Improving the Quality of Health Services During the COVID-19 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Electronic Government 2.2 Electronic Service 3 Research Method 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Ease of Use 4.2 Trust 4.3 Reliability 4.4 Content and Display of Information 4.5 Citizen Support (Support) 5 Conclusion References The Dynamics of Cyber-Activists in the Digital Era of Papua, Indonesia 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Cyberactivism 3 Methodology 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 The Dynamics of Papuan Conflict Cyberactivism 4.2 Actors of the Dynamics of Papuan Conflict Activism, Indonesia 4.3 Issues of the Dynamics of Conflict Activism in Papua, Indonesia the Issue 5 Conclusion References OMNIBEE: Autonomous Omnidirectional Robot for Service Robotics Applications 1 Introduction 2 Omnidirectional Robot 3 Hardware and Interface Implementation 3.1 Interface 4 Omnidirectional Robot Kinematics 5 Results and Discussions 6 Conclusions References Flow Pattern Recognition Using Spectrogram of Flow Generated Sound with New Adaptive LBP Features 1 Introduction 2 Experiment's Setup 3 Proposed LBP with Gaussian Reweighting Thresholding 3.1 Texture Analysis 3.2 Traditional LBP Features 3.3 Proposed Method 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusions References Analysis of Academic Excellence Achievement of Millennial Graduates through Attainment of the Learning Outcomes 1 Introduction 2 Methodology for Attainment of Outcomes 3 Result and Analysis 4 Conclusion References Business Intelligence in Strategic Business Decision Making in Times of COVID-19: A Systematic Review of the Literature 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Type of Study 2.2 Research Questions 2.3 Search Strategies 2.4 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References High-Engagement Chinese Digital Public Diplomacy on Twitter 1 Introduction 2 Method 3 Findings and Discussions 3.1 General Overview of Engagement Numbers and Sentiments 3.2 Accounts Meant for a Global Audience: @SpokespersonCHN and @zlj517 3.3 Accounts with Seemingly Regional Scope: @China2ASEAN and @AmbLiuXiaoMing 3.4 Accounts of Specific Country’s Ambassadors: @China_Amb_India and @AmbNong 4 Conclusion References EfficientNeXt: EfficientNet for Embedded Systems 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 EfficientNeXt Architecture 3.1 Layer: Sandglass 3.2 Layer: Fused MBConv 3.3 Layer: HBNeck 3.4 Activation: GELU 4 Training Setup 5 Results 6 Conclusion References Discretization and Representation of a Complex Environment for On-Policy Reinforcement Learning for Obstacle Avoidance for Simulated Autonomous Mobile Agents 1 Introduction 2 Similar Work and Experiments 3 Approach and Implementation 3.1 State Space and Action Definition 3.2 Reinforcement Learning Implementation 3.3 Obstacle Generation 4 Results 5 Discussion of Results 5.1 Further Work and Recommendations 6 Conclusion References Attitudes Toward Time and Attitudes Toward Debt: Structural Equation Modeling Results 1 Introduction 1.1 Present Study 1.2 Structure of Debt Behavior 1.3 Relationship Attitudes and Debt Behavior 1.4 Predictors of Debt Attitudes 2 Methodology 2.1 The Aim of This Study and Hypothesis 2.2 Methods 2.3 Sample 3 Results 3.1 Model Description 3.2 Hypothesis Testing 3.3 Test Results 4 Discussion 4.1 Relationship Between Time Perspective and Long-Term Orientation 4.2 Relationship Between Consideration of Future Consequences and Debt Attitudes 5 Conclusion References Estimation of Programming Understanding by Time Series Analysis of Code Puzzles 1 Introduction 2 Programming Education Support 2.1 Current Programming Education Support 2.2 Programming Learning Through Code Puzzles 2.3 Related Works 3 Educational Support Using the Behavior of Code Puzzles 3.1 Method of Estimating Understanding Based on Operation Process 3.2 Collecting Learner Behavior by Code Puzzles 3.3 Grasping the Perspective Status of Each Learner 3.4 Feedback for Each Learner 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Methods and Objectives 4.2 Hidden-State Estimation Results Using Hidden Markov Models 5 Explanation of Understanding by Perspective Status 5.1 The Method to Explain Understanding Using Machine Learning 5.2 Results of Estimation of Understanding 6 Consideration 6.1 Usefulness in Educational Settings 6.2 Issues and the Future 7 Conclusion References Camera and LiDAR Fusion for Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Input Representation 3.2 Models 3.3 Outputs 3.4 Objective Function 4 Experiment 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Work References A Priori Study on Factors Affecting MapReduce Performance in Cloud-Based Environment 1 Introduction 1.1 MapReduce 2 Factors Affecting Query Performance of MapReduce 3 Review of Literature 4 Conclusion and Future Scope References Factors Influencing the Selection of a Blockchain Platform for Incorporating Data Provenance into Smart Contracts 1 Introduction 2 Factors Influencing the Selection of Blockchain Platform 2.1 Performance 2.2 Maturity 2.3 Cost 3 Blockchain Platforms 3.1 Ethereum (Legacy) 3.2 Polygon 3.3 Ethereum 2.0 3.4 Tron 4 Factors Influencing the Selection of a Blockchain Platform 5 Analysis 6 Future Work and Conclusion References Improving Model Accuracy by Means of Explanations 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodology 3.1 Meta-Model 3.2 Meta-Model Dataset Generation 3.3 Training and Prediction 4 Experiments 4.1 Results 4.2 Discussion 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References Analysis of an Independent Double Boost Interleaved Converter in a Renewable Energy Application 1 Introduction 2 System Setup 2.1 Simulation Model 2.2 Experimental Model 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Simulation Results 3.2 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Predictive Analytics and Intelligent Decision Support Systems in Supply Chain Risk Management—Research Directions for Future Studies 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Supply Chain Risk Management 2.2 Predictive Analytics 2.3 Intelligent Decision Support Systems 3 Research Gaps at the Intersection of SCRM, PA, and IDSS 4 Research Questions for Future Research Studies 5 Discussion of Results and Outlook References Impact of COVID-19 on the Belfast Bike Sharing Scheme 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Methods 3.1 Data Collection and Preprocessing 3.2 Analysing COVID-19 Impact on Belfast Bikes Sharing Scheme 3.3 Predicting Belfast Bikes Usage 4 Results 4.1 Data Insights 4.2 Analysing COVID-19 Impact on Belfast Bikes Sharing Scheme 4.3 Predicting Belfast Bikes Usage 5 Discussion 5.1 Impact of the Pandemic on Belfast Bikes Usage 5.2 Change in Belfast Bikes Consumer Trends Due to COVID-19 5.3 Predicting How Customers Will Use Belfast Bikes in the Future 6 Conclusion References Multilingual Complementation of Causality Property on Wikidata Based on GPT-3 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Task Description and Model 3.1 Corpus 3.2 Model 3.3 General Causal Relation 4 Discussion 5 Conclusion References Multi-objective Evolutionary-Fuzzy for Vessel Tortuosity Characterisation 1 General Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Tortuosity Characterisation of Vessel Network Using MOEF 3 Experimental Findings and Discussion of Results 4 Conclusion References AC-DC Microgrid Analysis Using a Hybrid Real-Time HiL Approach 1 Introduction 2 System Description 2.1 The Topology of the AC-DC Microgrid 2.2 Converters Control Strategy 3 Implementation of HiL System Software Models 3.1 HiL Microgrid Modeling 3.2 Modeling the Control Structure 4 Simulation Results 4.1 Operation in the Rectifier Mode, with Unity Power Factor. 4.2 The Rectifier Mode Working Regime, with the First Converter Having a Capacitive Behavior 4.3 The Rectifier Mode Working Regime, with the Second Convertor Having a Capacitive Behavior 4.4 The Rectifier Mode Working Regime, with the First Convertor Having an Inductive Behavior 4.5 The Rectifier Mode Working Regime, with the Second Convertor Having an Inductive Behavior 4.6 The First Converter Operation in the Inverter Working Regime, with Unity Power Factor 4.7 The First Converter Operation in the Inverter Working Regime, with Capacitive Behavior 4.8 Operation in Inverter Mode of the First Converter with Inductive Behavior 5 Conclusions References Image Recognition to Detect COVID-19 Violations: Saudi Arabia Use Case 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 General Framework 2.2 Data Collection 2.3 Data Preparation 2.4 Image Classification 3 Results 3.1 Deep Learning Results 3.2 Machine Learning Results 3.3 Deep Learning (DL) versus Machine Learning (ML) 4 Conclusion References A Comparison of Interpretable Machine Learning Models to Predict In-Hospital Mortality After Myocardial Infarction: Analyzing Two Years Data from a High-Volume Interventional Center 1 Introduction 2 Data, Methods, and Tools 3 Results 4 Discussions 5 Conclusions References Migration Patterns for Applications in Cloud Computing Environments 1 Introduction 2 Migration Patterns 2.1 Search Results 2.2 Analysis 2.3 Summary 3 Scenario Analysis 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Organization of Training in the Art Education Institution in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic 1 Education in the Conditions of Quarantine Restrictions 1.1 Problems of Distance Learning in Higher Education Institution 1.2 Distance Learning at the Art Education 2 Experience of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts During COVID-19 Pandemic 2.1 Implementing Distance Learning 2.2 Areas of Work: Challenges and Prospects 3 Conclusions References An Automatic GUI Generation Method Based on Generative Adversarial Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 2.1 Model-Based User Interface Automatic Generation 3 Methodology 3.1 Dataset 3.2 Basic Layout Manipulations 3.3 Layout Generation with GAN 3.4 Training of UIGAN 4 Experiment 4.1 Experimental Results 5 Conclusion References Robust Stabilization of Ball-Plate System with Higher-Order SMC 1 Introduction 2 The Ball-Plate Model 3 Controller Design 3.1 Classical SMC Design for the Ball-Plate System 3.2 SSMC Design for the Ball-Plate System 3.3 RENNOSSMC Design for the Ball-Plate System 3.4 SSTSMC Design for the Ball-Plate System 4 Results and Analysis 4.1 System Response with Classical SMC 4.2 System Response with SSMC 4.3 System Response with RENNOSSMC 4.4 System Response with SSTSMC 4.5 Comparative Analysis of the Different SMC Schemes 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References Prototype Machine for Traditional and Technological Ophthalmic Tests, Using Convergence Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Planning 2.2 Concept Development 2.3 System-Level Design 2.4 Detail Design 2.5 Testing and Refinement 3 Conclusions 4 Future Works References Knowledge Domain Organization in AEC-AI 4.0 Industry 1 Introduction 2 Metamethods 3 Discussion References Portable Electronic Dispenser for Personal Hygiene and prevention of COVID-19 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 4 Conclusions References ANN Model for Two-Way Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Without Shear Reinforcements 1 Introduction 2 Development of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Model 3 Comparison between Proposed Model and Selected Models 4 Conclusions References Symptom Network Analysis of Social and Mental Health Complications of Alcohol Use Disorder 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results 3.1 Alcohol and Social Difficulties 4 Alcohol and Mental Health Issues 5 Conclusion References Measuring E-government System Users’ Satisfaction Using a Multicriteria Analysis Model: A Case Study of Botswana 1 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.2 Study Objectives 2 Literature Review and Model Explanation 2.1 The Musa Model 2.2 Global Satisfaction Index 2.3 Average Demanding Indices 2.4 Justification of the Choice of Musa Method 3 Research Method 3.1 Satisfaction Evaluation Criteria 3.2 Justification of Sample Size 4 Result and Discussion 4.1 Demographic Information 4.2 Use of Botswana E-government Systems 4.3 User Satisfaction with E-government Systems 4.4 Linear Programming for Criteria Weights 4.5 Global Satisfaction 4.6 Satisfaction Indices 4.7 Demanding Index 4.8 Impact Values 4.9 Improvement Values 5 Conclusion and Recommendation References Pain Detection Using Deep Learning Method from 3D Facial Expression and Movement of Motion 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Pain Measurement Process 2.2 Process of Face Recognition Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network 2.3 Stereoscopy 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 3D Pain Detection Using a Deep Learning Algorithm 3.2 Validation and Evaluation Procedures 4 Conclusions References The Next-Generation 6G: Trends, Applications, Technologies, Challenges, and Use Cases 1 Introduction 2 Trends 2.1 Trafic 2.2 AI 3 6G Use Cases and Technical Requirements 3.1 Holographic Communications 3.2 Tactile and Haptic Internet Applications 3.3 Network and Computing Convergence 3.4 Connectivity for Everything 3.5 Chip-to-Chip Communications 3.6 Space-Terrestrial-Integrated Networks 4 Technologies 4.1 Artificial Intelligence: AI 4.2 Terahertz Communications 4.3 Optical Wireless Technology 4.4 FSO Backhaul Network 4.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle 4.6 Holographic Beamforming 5 The 6G's Architecture 5.1 Global Architecture 5.2 Diverse Architecture 5.3 Extremely Dense Architecture 5.4 Intelligent Architecture 6 The Challenges Facing the Next Generation 6.1 The Terahertz Signal 6.2 The Energy 6.3 The Global Coverage 7 Conclusion References Agility and Ambidexterity in SME—The Role of Digitization 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Framework 2.1 Ambidexterity 2.2 Agility 2.3 The Link Between Digitization, Ambidexterity, and Agility 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis 4 Empirical Findings and Model Conceptualization 4.1 Drivers of Agility and Ambidexterity 4.2 Inhibiting Factors of Agility and Ambidexterity 4.3 Potentials for Agility and Ambidexterity Provided by Digitization 4.4 Moderating Factors 5 Discussion References Maximizing the Score and Minimizing the Response Time in Scrabble Game 1 Introduction 1.1 Scrabble Overview 2 Related Work 3 Method 4 Experiment Results 5 Conclusion 6 Future Work References Survey on Precision Agriculture in Indian Context for Effective Fertigation Using Learning Techniques 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Literature Survey 4 Gap Analysis 5 Proposed Approach 6 Issues and Challenges 7 Conclusion References Author Index