Proceedings of PIANC Smart Rivers 2022 : Green Waterways and Sustainable Navigations

Contents Future Challenges for Waterway Hydraulic Structures 1 Introduction 2 Climate Change 2.1 Climate Change Adaption 2.2 Climate Change Mitigation 3 New Structures 3.1 Building Materials 3.2 Construction Methods 3.3 Sustainability Assessment 4 Existing Structures 4.1 Static Verification 4.2 Maintenance 5 Outlook References Development of Inland Shipping and Construction of New Three-Gorges Ship Channel 1 Development and Goals of China Inland Shipping 1.1 Development Status 1.2 Development Goals 2 Main Problems of the Yangtze River Shipping Development 2.1 Development Status 2.2 Main Problems 3 Construction of New Three Gorges Channel 3.1 Development Status and Freight Volume Forecast 3.2 Construction Standards 3.3 Key Research Questions References Inland Navigation, a Priority for PIANC/InCom 1 Introduction 2 Recent Published INCOM WG Report 3 The Running INCOM WGs 4 Conclusions References Innovations in Shiplift Navigation Concepts 1 Introduction 2 Layout of Shiplifts 3 Innovation of Typical Shiplifts 3.1 Strépy-Thieu Shiplift 3.2 Three Gorges Ship Lift 3.3 Jinghong Hydro-Floating Shiplift 3.4 Goupitan Multi-step Shiplift 3.5 The Falkirk Wheel 3.6 New Niederfinow Shiplift 4 Analysis Methodologies of Shiplifts 4.1 Physical Model 4.2 Numerical Model 4.3 Integrated Simulation Technology 4.4 Prototype Monitoring Technolgoy 5 Outlook References Waterway Infrastructure Construction of Cai Mep International Container Terminal Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Location of the Site 3 Original Design 4 Engineering Properties of the Soft Clay 5 Revised Design 6 Conclusions References Continuous Management of the Channel Design to Optimize Navigability in the Middle Paraná River Waterway: “Santa Fe – Confluence”. Argentina Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Santa Fe – Confluence Waterway 2.1 Commerce 2.2 Navigation Along the Waterway 3 Technical and Sustainable Channel Management 3.1 Bathymetric Surveys 3.2 Channel Axis Changes 3.3 Tracs from Automatic Identification System: AIS 3.4 Interaction with Users and Stakeholders 4 Case Study: Paso Raigones and San Juan Branch 4.1 AIS Data 4.2 Bathymetric Surveys and Alternatives Analysis 5 Conclusions References Experimental Study on Flow Characteristics Around a Submerged Half-Buried Pipeline Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Experiment Set-up 2.2 Experimental Method 3 Experimental Results and Discussion 3.1 Characteristics of Time-Averaged Flow Field 3.2 Characteristics of Wake Turbulence Structure 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Field Measurements of Flow Velocities in Propeller Jets Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Field Measurements Methodology 3 Test Results 3.1 General Flow Patterns 3.2 Influence of Wall Clearance 3.3 Influence of Under Keel Clearance 3.4 Use of Multiple Bow Thrusters 4 Comparison with Guidelines 4.1 Maximum Velocities at the Bottom 4.2 Relative Turbulence Intensity 4.3 Use of Multiple Propellers 5 Discussion 5.1 Assessment of the Measurement Set-Up and Protocol 5.2 Contextualization in the Theoretical Framework 5.3 Impact on Bottom Protection Design 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Field Observation and Experimental Study on the Interaction Between Ship Waves And Vertical Wave Dissipation Revetment Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Field Observation of Ship Waves 2.1 Basic Information About Field Observation of Ship Waves 2.2 Main Results of Ship Wave Field Observation 3 2-D Test of Vertical Wave Dissipation Revetment 3.1 Section of Vertical Revetment Wave Dissipation Structure 3.2 Test Conditions 3.3 Test Results and Analysis 4 3-D Test of Ship Waves and Revetment 4.1 Test Conditions 4.2 Model Test Design 4.3 Model Test Results 5 Main Conclusions References Meshed Remote Operation as the Default Mode: From Technical Challenge to Society Opportunnities Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Towards a Meshed Network 3 Change Management 3.1 Working with Ambassadors 3.2 Communication 3.3 Focus Groups 4 Tools 4.1 Training Simulator 4.2 Learning Environment 5 Technical Implementation 5.1 Research and Development Center 5.2 Innovation 5.3 Procurement Management 5.4 Project Management 6 Opportunities 6.1 Service 6.2 Integrating with RIS Smart Shipping and Smart Logistics 6.3 Water Management 7 Conclusions Acknowledgements Presenting the Work of PIANC TG234 “INfrastructure for the Decarbonisation of IWT” Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Approach 3 Key Developments Related to Decarbonisation of Infrastructure 3.1 Key Developments per Country or Organization 3.2 Key Developments Per Carrier 4 Relevant Questions for Waterway Managers 4.1 General 4.2 List of Questions 5 Suggested Approach to Answer the Questions 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References The Application of Beidou High-Precision Positioning Technology in the Deformation Monitoring of Ship Locks Abstract 1 Background 2 The Principle of BeiDou High-Precision Measurement 3 Deformation Monitoring System for Ship Lock Projects Based on BeiDou High-Precision Positioning Technology 4 Application of Deformation Monitoring System for Ship Lock Projects Based on High Precision Positioning Technology 4.1 Introduction to the Project 4.2 Monitoring Points Layout 4.3 Analysis of Monitoring Accuracy 5 Conclusion References Research on Key Parameters Selection of Lock Capacity Simulation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Calculation and Simulation Model of Lock Capacity 2.1 Scope of Model Research 2.2 Ship Passing Simulation Process 2.3 Model Input Parameters 2.4 Output Results 3 Selection of Probability Distribution 3.1 Typical Probability Distribution 3.2 Random Values and Assumptions of Parameters 4 Case Analysis 4.1 Test Parameters and Simulation Conditions 4.1.1 Dimension of Lock Chamber 4.1.2 Ship Type Distribution Proportion 4.1.3 Parameter Random Value 4.1.4 Lock Operation 4.1.5 Test Conditions 4.2 Analysis of Simulation Results 4.2.1 Test Condition Analysis 4.2.2 Influence of Random Value of Entering and Exiting Speed on the Lock Capacity 4.2.3 Influence of Random Value of Start Interval Between Front and Back Ships on the Lock Capacity 5 Conclusions References Research on Theoretical Framework and Implementation Path of Green Maintenance of Inland Waterway Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Impact of Inland Waterway Maintenance on River Ecosystem 2.1 Inland Waterway Maintenance 2.2 Environmental Impact 3 Theoretical Framework of Green Conservation of Inland Waterway 3.1 Notion of Green Conservation of Inland Waterway 3.2 Principles of Green Maintenance of Inland Waterway 3.3 Research Framework for Green Conservation of Inland Waterway 4 Major Measures for Green Maintenance of Inland Waterway 4.1 Dredging 4.2 Regulating Structure Rectification 4.3 Maintenance of Navigation Aids 5 Implementation Paths on Green Maintenance of Inland Waterway 5.1 Develop Green Maintenance Evaluation Standards 5.2 Carry Out Green Maintenance Demonstration Project 5.3 Form Green Maintenance System Specification 5.4 Carry Out Research and Development of Green Maintenance Technology References Shipper Response Surveys and their Importance in the Evaluation of U.S. Inland Waterways Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Role of Elasticities in Inland Navigation Benefits Analysis 3 Survey Description 4 Revealed Vs. Stated Preference 5 Major Report Findings 6 Conclusion References Shoreside Power at Berths for Inland Navigation Vessels – How to Make Available a Harmonised System of Shoreside Power Access on the Rhine to Reduce Air and Noise Pollution Abstract 1 Shoreside Power and the Significance for Emission Reduction 2 The Role of Berths for Inland Navigation 3 The Role of Electricity in Rhine and Inland Navigation 3.1 Electricity for Propulsion 3.2 Electricity for Vessel Operation at Berth 4 Standards and Gaps – Important Aspects to Address 5 Implementation of Shoreside Power – Important Aspects to Consider 6 Conclusions – Important Elements for the Way Ahead References Simulation Study to Assess the Maximum Dimensions of Inland Ships on the River Seine in Paris Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Simulations Setup 2.1 Manoeuvring Simulators 2.2 Waterway Environment 2.3 Hydraulics Conditions 2.4 Ship Models 2.5 Track Controller for Fast Time Simulations 2.6 Skippers 3 Detailed Study 3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Simulation Protocol 3.1.2 Debriefing and Skippers Feedback 3.1.3 Safety Criteria 3.1.4 Nautical Expert Evaluation 3.2 Analysis 3.2.1 Fast Time Simulations 3.2.2 Real Time Simulations 3.2.3 Synthesis 4 Challenges and Limitations of the Methodology 4.1 Safety Margins 4.2 Human Factor 4.3 Realism of the Simulation Tool 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Solar Parks and Wind Farms Along Inland Waterways – Mitigating Measures Concerning Hindrance for Vessel Traffic Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Solar Parks 2.1 Visual Hindrance 2.1.1 Human Aspect of Reflection of Sunlight 2.1.2 Application of the SGHAT Model on the Dutch Waterway Network 2.2 Radio Disturbance 2.2.1 Cause of Disturbance 2.2.2 Rules for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 3 Wind Farms 3.1 Projection of a Windturbine at a Radarscreen 3.2 Problem of Exaggerated Width 3.3 Current Dutch Policy on Minimal Distance 3.4 Windfarms at Sea 4 Mitigation 4.1 Mitigating Hindrance of Solar Parks 4.1.1 Mitigating Visual Hindrance 4.1.2 Mitigating Electromagnetic Hindrance 4.1.3 Mitigating Hindrance of Windfarms Acknowledgements References Study on Flow Distribution on Diversion Surface at the Head of Sandbar in Bifurcated Reach Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Diversion Point and Confluence Point of Distributed Reach 3 Flow Distribution Characteristics in Diversion Area at the Head of Sandbar 4 Diversion Surface and the Principle of Project Layout of Head of Sandbar 5 The Project Layout in Sandbar-Head Diversion Area 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Study on Prediction Method for Compression Scour Depth of River-Crossing Bridge Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Recent Evolution of the River Reach 4 Modeling and Verification 4.1 Governing Equations Set 4.2 Model Discretization and Solving 4.3 Relevant Parameter Settings 4.4 Considerations in Pier Calculation 4.5 Model Verification 5 Prediction of the Compression Scour of Piers 5.1 Selection of Flow and Sediment Processes 5.2 Cross-Sectional Hydrodynamic Changes of the Bridge Site After Contraction of Piers 5.3 Prediction of the Compression Scour of Piers 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Sustainable Management of the Navigability of Natural Rivers (PIANC WG 236) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Planning and Design Strategies to Improve Navigability in Natural Rivers 3 Interventions and Measures to Improve Navigability in Natural Rivers 3.1 Dynamic Fairway Management 3.2 Navigability Forecasts and Alerts 3.3 Morphological Dredging and Disposal Management 3.4 Removal of Obstacles in the Navigation Fairway (Rock Excavation, Clearing of Snags and Obstructions) 3.5 Temporary, Adaptable, and Flexible Training Structures (TAFTS) 3.6 Armouring and Sediment Nourishment 3.7 River Training Works 4 Future Work 4.1 Impacts and Mitigation of Navigability Improvement Interventions 4.2 Monitoring, Management, and Operations Tools 4.3 Summary and Conclusions Reference The Design of Safety Monitoring System for Navigation Hubs Built in Plain Area Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Designing Strategy of Surface Monitoring System 2.1 Layout of the Project 2.2 The Designing Strategy of Surface Deformation Monitoring System 2.3 Solution to the Lack of Construction Space 3 Working Principles of the Monitoring System 3.1 The Hydrostatic Level System 3.2 The Tension Wire Alignment System 4 Monitoring Performance 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References The Navigable Frontier Canal of the African Rift Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Proposed Route of the Project 2.1 A 3 000 km Link Towards the Ocean 2.2 Nile Basin 2.2.1 Lake Albert-Lake Edward Link 2.2.2 Lake Edward-Lake Victoria Link 2.3 Congo Basin 2.3.1 Lake Edward-Lake Kivu Link 2.3.2 Lake Kivu-Lake Tanganyika Link 2.4 Zambezi Basin 2.5 Lukuga/Lualaba Development 3 Proposed Techniques to Be Used in This Project 3.1 Design of Low-Head Developments 3.1.1 Secure Pass 3.1.2 Blue Wave 3.1.3 Lock 3.2 Design of High-Head Developments 3.2.1 Lock 3.2.2 Incline Planes 3.2.3 Elevators 3.2.4 Waterslopes 4 Application to Semliki River Development 4.1 General Concept 4.2 Navigating a 162 m Fall 4.3 Developing the River Below the Dam 4.4 Developing the River Above the Dam 5 Conclusion References Inland Navigation Structure A Modernized Safety Concept for Ship Force Evaluations During Lock Filling Processes Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Force Criteria 3 Physics of the Mooring Line System 4 Probabilistic Approach 4.1 Amplification Factor 4.2 Semi-probabilistic Approach 4.3 Monte Carlo Simulations 5 Outlook 6 Conclusions References Analysis of Piano Key Weir Drainage Characteristics Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Physics Model Experiment 2.1 Experimental Setup 2.2 Experimental Results 2.3 Analysis of Drainage Capacity 3 Mathematical Model Setup and Result Analysis 3.1 Model Building and Numerical Processing Methods 3.1.1 Model Setup 3.1.2 Turbulent Flow Equation and VOF 3.1.3 Model Boundary Settings 3.2 Numerical Simulation Results and Analysis 3.2.1 Drainage Capacity Model Validation 3.2.2 Flow Analysis 3.2.3 Flow Rate Distribution 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Analysis on Throughput Capacity of Water-Saving Ship Lock in Simulation Method Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Building, Verifying and Validating Simulation Model 2.1 Model Scope and Boundary 2.2 Lockage Process 2.3 Main Algorithms and Basic Assumptions 2.4 Statistic Data and Key Performance Indicators 2.5 Model Verification and Validation 3 Simulation Experiment 3.1 Experiment Scheme 3.2 Input Parameters 3.2.1 Plane Layout 3.2.2 Ship Type and Proportion 3.2.3 Time Related Parameters and Other Inputs 4 Simulation Experiment Results and Analysis 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Applicability of the Blue Wave to the Canal from Villiers to Beaulieu Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Blue Wave Concept 3 Application to Bray-Nogent Project 3.1 The Bray-Nogent Project History 3.2 The Blue Wave Solution 3.2.1 Downstream Movement at Normal Pond Level 3.2.2 Downstream Movement in Flood Condition 3.2.3 Upstream Movement at Normal Pond Level 4 Conclusion Reference Benchmark of Turning Basin Options for the ECMT Class V Network of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Design Ships 3 Literature Review 4 Interviews of Skippers, Waterway Managers and Experts 5 Proposition of Geometries Suited for the ECMT Class V Network of Nord-Pas-de-Calais 5.1 Option N°1: Circular Geometry, Using Both Banks of the Waterway 5.2 Option N°2: Trapezoidal Geometry, Using Only One Bank of the Waterway 6 Check of Accessibility and Optimization of the Proposed Geometries by Means of Real-Time Navigation Simulations 6.1 Results of the Exploratory Phase 6.1.1 Analysis of the Impact of the Simulation Parameters (Current, Wind, Ship Draft, etc.) 6.1.2 Optimization of Certain Geometries 6.2 Results of the Second Phase of Simulations 7 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Comparative Study of the Hydraulic Characteristics of Stratified Energy Dissipators in In-Chamber Longitudinal Culvert Systems Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Simulation 2.1 Calculation Area and Grid 2.2 Control Equations and Boundary Conditions 2.3 Model Validation 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Lock Chamber Flow Field 3.2 Branch Hole Flow Distribution 3.3 Energy Dissipation Analysis 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Corridor Scale Planning of Bunker Infrastructure for Zero-Emission Energy Sources in Inland Waterway Transport Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Energy Consumption 2.1.1 OpenTNSim 2.1.2 Energy Consumption Estimation in OpenTNSim 2.2 Relative Position 2.3 Required Capacity 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions and Recommendations Acknowledgements References Design of Longitudinal Air Bubbler System Inside Ship Lock Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Air Bubbler System Design 3.1 Bubbler System Dimensions 3.2 Bubbler System Performance 4 Results 5 Discussion 6 Field Testing 7 Conclusions References Development of a Port Facility Diagnostic System that Utilizes Data Measured by Strong Motion Seismographs Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Three Challenges with Field Surveys Following Large-Scale Earthquakes 3 Development of a Port Facility Diagnostic System 3.1 Outline of Port Facility Diagnastic System 3.2 Development of Diagnostic Methods 3.2.1 Immediate Diagnostic Method 3.2.2 Detailed Diagnostic Method 3.3 Creation of Maps Estimating Damage 3.4 Addressing Challenges (Effectiveness of PFDS) 4 Conclusions References Development of a Verification Procedure of Partial Loading on Existing Solid Hydraulic Structures - Probabilistic Assessment for 3D Material Variations Abstract 1 Introduction 2 3D Distribution Fields of Material Parameters 2.1 Measurements 2.2 Generic Distributions and FEM Implementation 3 Numerical Simulation Set-Up 3.1 Non-linear Material Model 3.2 FEM Simulations and Stochastic Analysis 3.3 Failure Classification 4 Conclusion and Outlook References Effect of River Regulation on Navigable Flow Conditions for River Bend Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project Summary 3 Experimental Setup and Methodology 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Experimental Cases 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Downstream Flow Conditions of Initial Layout 4.2 Downstream Navigable Flow Conditions for Sluice Moving to Left 4.3 Dredging Downstream Flood Plain to 67 m Elevation 4.4 Dredging Downstream Flood Plain to 67 m Elevation 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Evolution of Undular Surges in a Navigation Channel Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Basic Flow Patterns 3.2 Free-Surface Characteristics 3.3 Instantaneous Velocity 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Experimental Investigation of Hydrodynamics on Abrupt-Expansion Pipe Behind Control Valve of Hydro-Driven Shiplift Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Flow Phenomena 3.2 Flow Coefficient 3.3 Pressure Characteristics 3.4 Noise Characteristics 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Experimental Study on the Relationship Between the Height of Submerged Dam at the Entrance of Pit-Type Pool and the Treatment Effect Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model Design and Test 2.1 Model Design 2.2 Model Validation 2.3 Layout of Measuring Points 2.4 Velocity Measurement 2.5 Simulation of Submerged Dam 3 Test Results and Analysis 3.1 Surface Flow Pattern 3.2 Vertical Velocity Distribution 3.3 Average Velocity Distribution 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Grounding Risk Estimation in Inland Navigation with Monte Carlo Simulations and Squat Estimation Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Input Variables 2.1 Water Level and Current 2.2 Bathymetry 2.3 Ship Type 2.4 Speed 2.5 Environmental Conditions 3 Squat Estimation 3.1 Empirical Calculations 3.2 Numerical Calculations 3.3 Calculation Results 3.4 Full Scale Measurements 4 Risk Estimation 4.1 Acceptable Risk and Probability 4.2 Failure Probability Estimation 5 Results 6 Conclusions References Handling Accidents and Calamities in Hydraulic Structures – Objectives of Pianc Working Group WG-241 Abstract 1 Main Objective 2 Classification of Accidents 3 The WG-241 Plan of Action 4 Investigations of Accidents 5 Handling Life Safety Risks 6 Recovering from the Damage 7 Example Case Studies 7.1 The Markland Lock Gate Failure 7.2 The Grave Weir Gate Damage 8 Conclusions References Improvement Measures of Navigable Flow Conditions in the Baihutan Hydro-Junction in Changshanjiang River, China Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Hydro-Junction Information 3 Experiment Design 3.1 Hydraulic Model 3.2 Remote-Control Ship Model 3.3 Experiment Cases 4 Navigable Flow Conditions in Initial Design 5 Optimized Navigable Flow Conditions 6 Conclusions References Innovative Mooring in Locks Using Shoretension: Density and Mooring Force Measurements in the North Lock Ijmuiden Abstract 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 North Lock of IJmuiden 1.3 Shore Tension System 1.4 Objectives of the Test Campaign 2 Density Differences Over the Lock 3 Measurement Setup 3.1 Mooring Force Measurements 3.2 Density Measurements 4 Measurement Results 4.1 Mooring Forces 4.2 Discussion on the Measured Forces Using Mooring Configuration A 4.3 Discussion on Other Mooring Configurations 4.4 General Observations 4.5 Relation to Density Differences 4.6 Use of the ShoreTension System in a Navigation Lock 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Innovative Salt-Freshwater Separation System at the Krammer Locks, The Netherlands. Hydraulic Modelling to Balance Functional Requirements Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Innovative Fresh-Salt Separation System (IZZS) 2.1 Functions of the Krammer Locks 2.1.1 Restrictions on Water Usage 3 Hydraulic Modelling of the Krammer System 3.1 WANDA-Locks Model 3.2 Effect of Lockage Operations 3.3 Effect of Sea Level Rise (SLR) 3.4 Safe Flushing Discharge for Vessels Entering and Exiting the Lock 3.5 Effect of Fish Migration Sluice on the Salt Intrusion 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Live Digital Twin for Hydraulic Structures Fatigue Estimation Abstract 1 Background 2 Solution Overview 2.1 Industrial IoT Sensor Networks 2.2 Numerical Model 3 Monitoring: From Tilts Measurement to Deformation Indicator 4 Digital Twin 4.1 Numerical Model 4.1.1 Model Calibration 4.1.2 Hotspots Identification 4.1.3 Loads Sensitivity Study and Reduced Order Model (ROM) Generation 4.1.4 Fatigue Estimation 4.2 Digital Twin Processing 5 Conclusion and Perspectives References Mechanism and Variation Characteristics of Longitudinal Tilt of Ship Chamber of Hydro-Floating Ship Lift (HFSL) Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Generalized Model of Mechanical Synchronization System of HFSL 3 Design Condition of Synchronous Shaft Torsional Rigidity 4 Analytical Solution of Longitudinal Tilt of Ship Chamber 5 Characteristics of the Longitudinal Tilt of the Ship Chamber 6 Conclusions References Numerical Investigation of an Inland 64 TEU Container Vessel in Restricted Waters Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Method and Verification 2.1 Model of KCS and 64 TEU 2.2 Governing Equations of the Numerical Model 2.3 Computational Domain and Boundary Condition 2.4 Discrete Grid 2.5 ITTC Verifications of KCS and 64 TEU 3 Numerical Results 3.1 Ship Resistance 3.2 Ship Squat 3.3 Wave Profiles 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References On the Numerical Modelling of Ship Forces During Lockage Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Classes of Commonly Used Numerical Models 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Zero-Dimensional Numerical Models and Analytical Approaches 2.3 One-Dimensional Numerical Models 2.4 Two-Dimensional Numerical Models 2.5 Three-Dimensional Numerical Models 2.5.1 Overview 2.5.2 Local Models for Hybrid 1D-3D Approaches 2.5.3 Simplified Three-Dimensional Numerical Models for the Lock Chamber 2.5.4 Full Three-Dimensional Models 2.5.5 Consideration of Density Currents and Air Entrainment 3 Example for Full Three-Dimensional Modelling of the Locking Process 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Model Setup 3.3 Assessment of Results 4 Conclusions References Optimizing Upstream Approach Wall to Navigation Lock in Narrow Rivers Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Definition of the Investigated Layout 3 Physical Model 4 Numerical Model 5 Results 5.1 Velocities 5.2 Forces and Momentum 5.3 Discussion 6 Conclusions References Prototype Monitoring of Cavitation in Valve Culvert of Qianwei Shiplock Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Physical Model 2.1 Model Arrangement 2.2 Measuring Points Arrangement 2.3 Model Test Results 3 Prototype Observation 3.1 Effect of Natural Aeration of Lintel Inhibits Cavitation in the Section of Bilateral Filler and Drainage Valve 3.1.1 Section of Filler Valve 3.1.2 Drain Valve 3.2 Cavitation Characteristics of One Side Valve 3.2.1 Water Filling Valve Section 3.2.2 Drain Valve Section 3.3 Effect of Natural Aeration of Lintel on Inhibiting Valve Hanger Rod Vibration 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Propagation and Development of Nonlinear Long Waves in a Water Saving Basin Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Numerical Method 2.1 Modeling 2.2 Validation 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Wave Profile 3.2 Wave Celerity 3.3 Wave Force 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Reliability Based Rehabilitation of Existing Hydraulic Structures Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Crack and Pore-Water Pressures (CPWP) in Rehabilitated Sections 3 Limit State Functions for Concrete Section Under CPWP 3.1 Compression Failure 3.2 Eccentricity Based Design Check 3.3 Sliding Failure in Construction Joints 4 Reliability Based Design Optimization 5 Target Reliability 6 Case Study 6.1 Probabilistic Design Parameters 6.2 Results 7 Conclusions References Research Developments in Hydrodynamics of Ships Entering and Leaving the Tank of a Ship Lift Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Docking Process of Ship Lifts 3 The Process of Ships Entering Leaving the Tank of a Ship Lift and its Hydraulic Problems 4 Hydrodynamics Study of Ships Entering and Leaving the Tank 4.1 Characteristics of Ship’s Sailing Resistance 4.2 Characteristics of Water Surface Fluctuation in the Tank During the Process of Ships Entering and Leaving 4.3 Characteristics of Ship Squat During the Process of Ships Entering and Leaving 4.4 Force Characteristics of the Ship Lock Mechanism 4.5 The Design Criteria for the Water Depth of the Ship Lift’s Tank 5 Conclusion References Research on Influence from Ship Navigating in the Intermediate Channel Between Ship Lifts on Hydraulic Characteristics Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Test Methods and Research Conditions 2.1 Physical Model Design 2.2 Measuring Point Arrangement and Measuring Method 2.3 Research Conditions 3 Water Surface Fluctuation in Intermediate Channel and Ship Chamber 4 Heave of Ship Bow and Stern 5 Ship Berthing Condition 6 Discussion on Ship Navigational Speed 7 Conclusions References Resistance of Plane Lock Gates Subjected to Ship Impact Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Problem 2.1 General Principles 2.2 Super-Element Method 2.3 Finite Element Simulations 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Risk-Based Maintenance of Lock Gates Based on Multiple Critical Welded Joints Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Deterioration Modeling 3 Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) 4 Risk-Based Decision Analysis 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Ship Impact for Suederelbe Bridge Crossing in Hamburg Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Bridge and Waterway Specifications for Suederelbe 2.1 Bridge Crossing Suederelbe 2.2 Suederelbe Waterway 3 Determination of Ship Impact 3.1 General 3.2 Impact Mechanics 3.3 Impact Load Model 3.4 Collision Model 3.5 Impact Forces 3.6 Implementation of Ship Impact 4 Discussion and Outlook References Study on Design of Ship Lift Auxiliary Lock Water Filling/Emptying System and Operation Mode of Lock Gate Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Project Overview 3 Water Filling/Emptying System Selection and Arrangment 3.1 Water Filling/Emptying System Selection 3.2 Water Filling/Emptying System Layout 4 Berthing Conditions of Vessels in Lock Chamber 4.1 3D Mathematical Model Evaluation 4.2 Physical Model Evaluation 5 Hydraulic Characteristics of Auxiliary Chamber 6 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Study on the Operation Safety Evaluation System of Ship Lock Combined with Variation Coefficient Method and Matter-Element Extension Method Abstract 1 The Necessity of Conducting Evaluation 2 The Current Status of Ship Lock Operation Safety Evaluation 3 Safety Evaluation System 3.1 Safety Grade 3.2 Evaluation Indicator and Criteria 3.3 Extension Evaluation Method 3.3.1 Classic and Node Domain 3.3.2 Matter-Element to be Evaluated 3.3.3 Single Indicator Correlation Degree 3.3.4 Multi - indicator Comprehensive Correlation Degree 3.3.5 Rating 3.4 Variation Coefficient Weighting Method 4 Instance Application 4.1 Calculate the Correlation Degree of a Single Indicator and Weight 4.2 Calculate the Comprehensive Correlation Degree of Multiple Indicators and Rating 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Study on the Mechanism of Water Loss and Capsizing of Multi - point Suspension Ship Lift Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model 2.1 Model Design 2.2 Layout of Measuring Points 3 Results 3.1 Water Loss Rate 9t/s 3.1.1 Whole Process of Overturning 3.1.2 Load Variation During Instability Process 3.1.3 Determination of Instability Point 3.2 Parallel Comparison of Working Conditions 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References Study on the Unsteady Flow of the Approach Channel’s Entrance Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Simulation Model 2.1 RANS k-ε Model 2.2 LES Model 2.3 Mesh and Boundary Conditions 3 Results 3.1 Validation 3.2 Flow Characteristics 3.2.1 Length of Recirculation Zone 3.2.2 Period of Recirculation Zone 3.2.3 Vortex of the Entrance 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References The Approach of Lock Hydraulic System Selection Based on Multiple Factors Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Model of Filling and Emptying System Selection 2.1 Selection method 2.2 Classification of Filling and Emptying System 2.3 Discriminant Index of Filling and Emptying System 3 Applications 4 Conclusions Acknowledgements References The Finite Element Analysis of Dislocated Lock Heads in Double-Lane Ship Lock Abstract 1 Introduction 2 The Mixed Finite Element Method 3 Engineering Example 4 Result Analysis 5 Conclusions Acknowledgements References The Type and Layout of the Lock Gate and the Scheduling for the Babao Lock on the Estuary with Strong Tidal Bore Abstract 1 Preface 2 Tidal Bore Characteristics 2.1 The Tides 2.2 The Tidal Bore 2.2.1 The Height of the Tidal Bore 2.2.2 The Pressure of Tidal Bore 3 Lock General Layout and Gate Selection 3.1 General Layout of Lock 3.2 Lock Operating Conditions 3.3 Selection and Layout of Lock Gate 3.3.1 Characteristics of Various Gate Types 3.3.2 Gate Selection and Layout 3.3.3 Operation and use of Miter Gate and Tide Gate 4 Lock Safe Operation Control Measures 4.1 Navigation Control of Ship Entry and Exit 4.2 Intelli