Proceedings of International Conference on Data Science and Applications: ICDSA 2021, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems Book 288)

This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the International Conference on Data Science and Applications (ICDSA 2021), organized by Soft Computing Research Society (SCRS) and Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, from April 10 to 11, 2021. It covers theoretical and empirical developments in various areas of big data analytics, big data technologies, decision tree learning, wireless communication, wireless sensor networking, bioinformatics and systems, artificial neural networks, deep learning, genetic algorithms, data mining, fuzzy logic, optimization algorithms, image processing, computational intelligence in civil engineering, and creative computing. Preface Contents About the Editors A Deep Learning-Based Approach with Image-Driven Active Contour Loss for Medical Image Segmentation 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Method 2.1 Materials 2.2 Proposed Local Active Contour Loss Function 2.3 Network Architecture 2.4 Implementation 3 Results 3.1 Datasets 3.2 Performance Metrics 3.3 Results 3.4 Quantitative Comparison 4 Conclusion References QoS Parameter Analysis of TCP and UDP Traffic Over Open Flow Enabled Software Defined Network 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Implementation 4 Results 4.1 Throughput 4.2 Delay 4.3 Packet Loss 4.4 Jitter 5 Conclusion References The Challenges of Data Analytics Implementations: A Preliminary Literature Review 1 Introduction 2 Research Approach 2.1 Data Analysis 3 Discussion of Results 4 Conclusion References In-Depth Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Tweet Sentiment Analysis Method 4 Case Study of 2014 FIFA 5 Tweet Collection 6 Training Dataset 6.1 Hashtagged Dataset 6.2 Emoticon Dataset 7 Data Preprocessing 7.1 Tokenization 7.2 Removing Stop Words 7.3 Twitter Symbols 7.4 Damming 7.5 Replacing Emoticons 7.6 Identification 7.7 Lower Casing 7.8 URL Extraction 8 Features of a Trained Classifier 8.1 Feature Extraction 8.2 Feature Filtering 9 Sentiment Classifier 9.1 Bayesian Logistic Regression 9.2 Naive Bayes 9.3 Random Forest 9.4 Support Vector Machines (SVMs) 10 Results and Discussion 11 Sentiment Analysis on Some Major World Cup 2014 Events 11.1 1st Major Event 11.2 2nd Major Event 12 Conclusion References An Extensive Review On: Cascaded Transformer Boosting Low Noise Amplifier for Millimeter-Waves 1 Introduction 2 Review Based on Cascaded Transformer Boosting LNA for Millimeter-Waves and RF Waves 3 Comparison Table 4 Conclusion References UWB Applications and Bird Eye View on High Frequency LNA Applications 1 Literature Survey and LNA Topologies 1.1 Introduction 1.2 LNA Topologies 2 Comparison Table 3 Conclusion References Ocean Wave Modeling from Satellite Images Using Data Assimilation 1 Introduction 2 Background 3 Methodology 3.1 Preprocessing 3.2 Internal Wave Feature Extraction 3.3 Wave Modeling Using EnKF 3.4 Automatic Internal Wave Detection 4 Results 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Design of a Laser Projection System for Intelligent Learning Environments 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Laser Projection System—Conceptual Design and Hardware 4 Laser Projection System—Firmware 5 Preparation of the Data for Laser Animations 6 Experimental Results 7 Conclusions References Medical Image Enhancement: A Review 1 Introduction 1.1 Cardiac Image Datasets 2 Medical Image Enhancement Techniques 2.1 Enhancement Using Spatial Domain Techniques 2.2 Enhancement Using Frequency Domain Techniques 3 Performance Evaluation Parameters 4 Conclusion References A Computer Vision Approach Towards Maturity Stage Classification of Tomatoes Using Second Order Wavelet Features 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Sample Collection and Imaging 2.2 Color Space Conversion and Channel Separation 2.3 Image Denoising 2.4 Wavelet Feature Extraction 2.5 Power Spectral Density and Yule-Walker Method 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Vigorous Deep Learning Models for Identifying Tomato Leaf Diseases 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Overview 3.2 Tomato Leaf Disease Dataset (TLDD) 3.3 Data Augmentation 4 Disease Detection Models for Tomato Leaf 4.1 SqueezNet Model 4.2 Residual Network (ResNet) Model 4.3 InceptionV3 Model 4.4 DenseNet Model 5 Results and Discussions 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Dataset 5.3 Model’s Accuracy 5.4 Training and Validation Accuracy and Loss 5.5 Prediction 6 Conclusion References Automatic Distress Analysis Using Text Mining 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 Survey 3.1 Self-reported Symptoms of Distress Are Linked with Reduced Vowel Space in Clinical Interviews 3.2 Automatic Audiovisual Behavior Descriptors for Psychological Disorder Analysis 3.3 Automatic Nonverbal Behavior Indicators of Depression and PTSD: The Effect of Gender 3.4 Detecting Depression with Audio/Text Sequence Modeling of Interviews 3.5 Natural Language Processing in Mental Health Applications Using Non-clinical Texts 4 Why Text Mining and SVM 5 Dataset 6 Preliminaries 6.1 Tokenization 6.2 Stop Words 6.3 Lemmatization 6.4 TF-IDF 6.5 Oversampling and Under Sampling 6.6 Scaling 7 Proposed Methodology 7.1 System Design 7.2 Solution Approach 8 Results 9 Conclusion References Prediction of Student’s Performance in an Academic Using Data Science and Machine Learning 1 Introduction 1.1 Significant Contribution 2 Methodology 2.1 Data Collection 2.2 Data Visualization 2.3 Training Linear Regression Model 2.4 Splitting of Training and Testing Data 2.5 Creating and Training the Model 3 Result 4 Conclusion References Performance Enhancement by Tuning Hyperparameters of Random Forest Classifier for Hardware Trojan Detection 1 Introduction 2 Literature Overview 3 Methodology 3.1 Feature Extraction 3.2 Algorithms Used 3.3 Decision Fusion 4 Evaluation Metrics 5 Result Analysis 5.1 Tuning Hyperparameters 5.2 Decision Fusion 6 Conclusion References Low Complexity Hybrid Beamforming Technique for Massive MIMO System 1 Introduction 2 System Model and Problem Statement 2.1 Notations 2.2 System Model 2.3 Problem Statement 3 Proposed Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm 4 Simulation Results 5 Conclusion References A Highly Efficient and Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier Design for 5G Base Station 1 Introduction 2 Broadband DPA Design 2.1 Stability Analysis and Design 2.2 Power Divider Design 2.3 Input, Output Matching and Power Combiner Network 3 Circuit Simulation Result and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Artifact Removal of Visual Evoked Potentials in Autism Spectrum Disorders 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Signal acquisition 2.2 Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Short-Term Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Long Short Term Memory Variants 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Methodology 2.1 LSTM 3 Performance Metrics 4 Data and Analysis 4.1 Statistical Significance Test 5 Results and Discussion 5.1 Clearness-Index and K-means Clustering 6 Conclusion References Design and Performance Analysis of Chromatic Dispersion Compensation for 16 × 10 Gbps DWDM Optical Transmission Systems 1 Introduction 1.1 Chromatic Dispersion 2 Dispersion Compensation Fiber 3 Description of Proposed System 3.1 Optical Transmitter 3.2 Transmission Link Structures 3.3 Receiver Section 4 Results and Analysis 5 Conclusion References COVID-19 Outbreak Prediction in the Context of Bangladesh 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methodology 2.1 Data Set 2.2 SEIRCD Model 2.3 Regressors 2.4 Model Evaluation Method 3 Results Analysis 4 Conclusion References Prophecy of Groundwater Level Using Hybrid ANFIS-BBO Approach 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data 3 Methodology 3.1 ANFIS 3.2 BBO 3.3 Model Formulation 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References Optimal Storage Planning in Active Distribution Network Considering Uncertainty of Wind Energy System 1 Introduction 2 Objective Function 2.1 Constraints 3 DIgSILENT Power Factory 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Base Case Results 4.2 Power Flow Results After the Installation of WES and BESS 5 Conclusion References A Comparative Study of Firefly and BAT Algorithm-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Systems 1 Introduction 2 Modeling of the PV Array 2.1 Bat Algorithm 2.2 Firefly Algorithm 2.3 Bat Algorithm-Based MPPT 2.4 Firefly Algorithm-Based MPPT 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Automatic Railway Detection and Tracking Inspecting System 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Development of Proposed System 3.1 Architecture of the Proposed System 3.2 Working of the Proposed System 3.3 Implementation 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusion References MLP-WOA Is a Successful Algorithm for Estimating Sediment Load in Kalahandi Gauge Station, India 1 Introduction 2 Study Area and Data 3 Methodology 3.1 MLP 3.2 WOA 3.3 Model Formulation 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References A Comparison of Cultivation Techniques NFT-I, FR and Soil: An IoT Monitoring Approach 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 System Architecture 4 Materials and Methods 4.1 IoT-Based Computing for Monitoring the Hydroponic System 4.2 Experimental Hydroponic System 4.3 Hydroponics with IoT Computing 5 Experimental Methodology 5.1 Analysis of the Quality of Drinking Water and Rainwater 5.2 Preparation of the Nutrient Solution for Growing Vegetables 5.3 The Procedure to Prepare 1000 L of Concentrated Solution 5.4 Planting Period 5.5 Analysis of Electrical Energy Consumption with IoT 6 Results 6.1 Results of Electrical Energy Consumption IoT 6.2 Results of Monitoring the NFT-I and FR Systems with IoT 6.3 Results of Sending Alert Messages and Registering the Data on the Web site 6.4 Production Time Results 6.5 Growth Results 7 Conclusion and Future Work References Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity Detection Using Pan–Tompkins Algorithm and Fisher Feature Selection 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Preprocessing: Pan–Tompkins Algorithm with Notch Filter 3.2 Algorithm 1: Pan–Tompkins Algorithm 3.3 Feature Selection Fisher Feature Selection 4 Performance Metrics 5 Experiment and Result 6 Conclusion References Coalescing Image Steganography and Cryptography for Information Security 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Preliminaries 4 Proposed Design 4.1 Data Encryption Using Fernet 4.2 Steganography 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Shadow Detection and Removal Using Dynamic Thresholding Approach for Driverless Car 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Proposed System 3.1 Proposed Thresholding Method 3.2 Edge Detection 3.3 Shadow Detection 3.4 Shadow Removal 4 Implementation Details and Results 4.1 Experimental Setup 4.2 Results 5 Conclusion References Discrete Wavelet Transform Based Approach for Touchless Fingerprint Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 Touchless Fingerprint Recognition System 3.1 Proposed Wavelet-Based Feature Extraction Algorithm 3.2 Log-Gabor Encoding of Wavelet Coefficients 4 Fingerphoto Identification 5 Experimental Results 5.1 Experimental Setup 5.2 Experimental Results 5.3 Comparison of Our Approach with Literature Work 6 Conclusion References Estimating Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Shell Foundation: Neural Network Model and Sensitivity Analysis 1 Introduction 2 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 2.1 Preprocessing of Dataset 3 Development of Neural Network Model 4 Sensitivity Analysis (SA) 4.1 Variable Perturbation Technique 4.2 Weight Methods 4.3 Neural Interpretation Diagram 5 Development of ANN Model Equation 6 Conclusions References A Review for Predicting the Diabetes Mellitus Using Different Techniques and Methods 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Effect of Diabetes on Human Body 2.2 Types of Diabetes 3 Role of Various Prediction Techniques Used by Researchers and the Datasets 3.1 Prediction Techniques 3.2 Diabetic Databases 4 Review Technique 4.1 Source of Information 4.2 Search Criteria 5 Related Work 6 Conclusion References A Novel Method for Analyzing Best Pages Generated by Query Term Synonym Combination 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Methodology 3.1 User-Based Relevance Analysis 3.2 Type of Information Based Analysis Including Varied Content 3.3 Ranking Tools Based Analysis 3.4 Trustworthiness Based Analysis 3.5 Intelligent Combination of Grammar Based Analysis 4 Experimental Setup and Results 4.1 User Based Relevance Analysis 4.2 Type of Information Based Analysis Including Varied Content 4.3 Ranking Tools Based Analysis 4.4 Trustworthiness Based Analysis 4.5 Intelligent Combination of Grammar Based Analysis 5 Observations 6 Conclusion References COVID-19/SARS B-Cell Epitope Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodologies 3.1 Data Set Extraction and Data Cleaning 3.2 Feature Selection 3.3 B-Cell Prediction (Target Label) 4 Results 5 Discussions 6 Conclusions References SecHDFS-AWS: A Novel Approach to Design Efficient and Secure Data Storage Model Over HDFS Enabled Amazon Cloud 1 Introduction 2 Literature Survey 3 HDFS Architecture 4 Proposed Model 4.1 Write Process 4.2 Read Process 5 Experimental Setup and Performance Analysis 6 Conclusion References SeAbOM: Semi-supervised Learning for Aspect-Based Opinion Mining 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Aspect Extraction Based on Frequent Nouns and Noun Phrases 2.2 Aspect Extraction by Exploiting Opinion and Target Relations 2.3 Aspect Extraction Using Supervised Learning 2.4 Aspect Extraction Using Topic Modeling 2.5 Gap Analysis 3 Proposed Method of Aspect Extraction Using Semi-supervised Learning 4 Experimental Setup and Performance Analysis 5 Conclusion and Future Scope References Deep Learning Algorithm for Identification of Ear Disease 1 Introduction 2 Existing Methods 3 Proposed Method 4 Result and Discussions References Extrapolating Z-Axis Data for a 2D Image on a Single Board Computer 1 Introduction 1.1 Single Board Computers 1.2 Raspberry Pi 1.3 Beagle Bone 1.4 Voxels 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References A Novel Method for Suitable Hyperparameter Selection in an Accurate Convolutional Neural Network Architecture 1 Introduction 2 Background and Related Work 3 Simulation Studies and Preferred Flowchart for CNN Architecture Optimization 3.1 Changing Number of Filters and Filter Sizes 3.2 Changing Padding and Stride 3.3 Increasing Training Data 3.4 Changing Activation Functions 3.5 Changing Optimization Functions 3.6 Changing Learning Rates 3.7 Changing Number of Epochs 4 Proposed Optimized Model 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Impact Evaluation of Deep Learning Models in the Context of Plant Disease Detection 1 Introduction 1.1 Related Work 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Image Dataset 2.2 Impact Evaluation of Deep Learning Models 2.3 Evaluation Metrics 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion References Heart Anomaly Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 2.1 Dataset and Preprocessing 2.2 CNN Model Architecture 3 Results 4 Conclusion and Future Work References Interval-Valued Credibilistic Real Options Modeling Under Optimism-Pessimism Level 1 Introduction 2 Preliminaries 3 Indicators Associated with the mλ-Measure 4 The Real Option Model Using IVFNs and the mλ-Measure 5 Numerical Example: Valuing Synergies in M&A 6 Conclusions References Adaptive Signal Processing Algorithm Applied to the Design of Smart Antenna in a Cellular Network Considering Phase Quantization Error 1 Introduction 2 Phase Quantization Error in Antenna Array 3 Adaptive Signal Processing Algorithm 4 Design of Smart Antenna with Phase Quantization Error 5 Conclusion References Employee Attrition Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 Data Pre-processing 3.2 Data Visualization 3.3 Feature Engineering 3.4 PCA (Principal Component Analysis) 3.5 Feature Selecting 4 Algorithms Used 4.1 RFE—Recursive Feature Eliminator or Recursive Selector 4.2 Tree Selector 4.3 Decision Tree 4.4 Random Forest 4.5 Neural Networks 4.6 K-Nearest Neighbourhood 4.7 Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB) 4.8 Ada-Boost Algorithm 5 Experiment 5.1 Regularization 6 Implementation 6.1 AUCROC for Each Model 7 Results 8 Conclusion References Performance Enhancement of DFIG System Using PSO-Based Optimized PID Controller 1 Introduction 2 Brief Introduction of DFIG System 3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) 4 Result and Discussion 5 Conclusions References A Comparative Study of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques in Forecasting Air Pollution Levels 1 Introduction 2 Models 2.1 K-Nearest Neighbour Regression (KNN) 2.2 Support Vector Regression (SVR) 2.3 Hidden Markov Models (HMM) 2.4 Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) 2.5 Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM) 3 Preprocessing 4 Parameter Selection 5 Method 6 Results 7 Conclusion and Further Work References Using Deep Unsupervised Method for Stock Prediction 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Methodology 3.1 The Generator 3.2 The Discriminator 3.3 GAN Model 4 Experiments 4.1 Dataset 4.2 Training Model 4.3 Result 5 Conclusion References Classification of Gastrointestinal Images Based on Transfer Learning and Denoising Convolutional Neural Networks 1 Research Background 2 Related Studies 3 Proposed Method 3.1 Medical Image Dataset 3.2 Performance Metrics 4 Experimental Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Tool-Supported Projects Evaluation for Decision Making of Institutional Planning 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Illustrative Case Study: Annual Operative Plan of the University of Guayaquil 2.2 Projects Execution Control Based on Soft Computing 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Design and Performance Analysis of Common Duty Ratio Controlled Zeta Converter with an Adaptive P&O MPPT Controller 1 Introduction 2 Double Diode Model PV Cell 2.1 Necessity of an Adaptive P&O MPPT Algorithm 3 ISOP Connection of Zeta-Zeta Converter 4 SPWM-Based Voltage Source Inverter 5 Behavior of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor 6 Design of Constant Head Water Pump 7 Simulation Results 8 Conclusions References Improved Contrast Enhancement Technique for Dark Images Using Color Channels 1 Introduction 2 Proposed Methodology 2.1 Color Balancing of the Inputs 2.2 Space Conversion 2.3 Modified V Channel 2.4 Improved HSV Color Space 2.5 HSV to RGB Color Conversion 3 Result and Discussion 3.1 Experimental Setup 3.2 Subjective Evaluation 3.3 Objective Evaluation 4 Conclusion References Query-Based Data Valuation Strategy: An Exploratory View 1 Introduction 1.1 Current Challenges and Issues 1.2 Current Challenges and Issues 2 Related Work 2.1 Theoretical Foundation of Data Evaluation 2.2 Recent Query-Based Data-Evaluation Approaches 2.3 Attribute Ranking Approaches for the Data Evaluation 3 Proposed Approach: Query-Based Data Valuation 3.1 Support Set Generation and Weight Distribution 3.2 Pricing Functions 3.3 Attribute Ranking 3.4 Working Example 4 Design Analysis and Issues 5 Conclusion References Using Word2Vec-LDA-Cosine Similarity for Discovering News Dissemination Pattern to Support Government–Citizen Engagement 1 Introduction 2 Background 2.1 Movement Control Order (MCO), Conditional Movement Control Order (CMCO), and Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) in Malaysia 2.2 Text Similarity Analysis Techniques 3 Framework Model Architecture and Methodology 3.1 Data Collection and Preparation 3.2 Word2Vec 3.3 Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) 3.4 Topics Similarity 4 Experimental Results 4.1 Model Selection 4.2 Topic Interpretation for Government Posts and News Articles 4.3 Topic Similarity Between Local News Articles and Government-Disseminated COVID-19 Information 4.4 Distribution of Government Post and News Article Topics Across Movement Control Order Periods 5 Discussion 6 Conclusion and Future Work References Using Linguistics and Psycholinguistics Features in Machine Learning for Fake News Classification Through Twitter 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 2.1 Fake News Definition and Characteristics 2.2 Fake News Datasets and Checking Websites 2.3 Related Work in Fake News Classification 3 Methodology 3.1 Understanding of Linguistic Features 3.2 Understanding of Features as Data for Classification 3.3 Fake News Classification Modeling 3.4 Model Evaluation 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Interpretation of the Best Model 4.2 Comparison with Related Studies 5 Conclusion and Future Work References Creating a Decentralized Communication Protocol for SMART Manufacturing Units Within Industry 4.0 1 Introduction 2 Centralized Versus Decentralized Manufacturing Units: A Case Study of the Water Bottling Plant 3 Methodology 3.1 SMART Manufacturing Communication Levels 3.2 Decentralized Communication Protocol 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Re-admission Rate Prediction of Diabetes Patient: Health Analytics-based Approach 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Objective 1.3 Research Questions 2 Research Methodology 2.1 Sample 3 Analysis and Results 3.1 Correlation Analysis 3.2 Logistic Regression Analysis 3.3 Decision Tree Analysis—Classifier 3.4 Random Forest Classifier 4 Discussion 5 Implication 5.1 Implication from Data Science Perspective 5.2 Implication from Health care Management Perspective 6 Conclusion References Significant Association Rule Mining with MMS and Efficient Correlation Framework 1 Introduction 2 Related Work 3 Preface and Problem Statement 3.1 Association Rule Mining 3.2 Rule Significance 3.3 MMS-Based Pruning 3.4 Problem Statement 4 Efficient Correlation Framework (ECF) 5 Proposed Approach 6 Experimental Studies 6.1 Interesting Itemset and Significant Rule Generation 6.2 Runtime and Memory Usage 6.3 Correlation and Dissociation 7 Conclusion and Future Work References An Approach Toward Numerical Data Augmentation and Regression Modeling Using Polynomial-Kernel-Based SVR 1 Introduction 2 Related Works 3 Proposed Approach 3.1 Numerical Data Augmentation Procedure Using Polynomial-Kernel-Based SVR 3.2 Regression Modeling Procedure Using Extended Dataset Based on the Polynomial-Kernel-Based SVR 4 Modeling and Results 4.1 Features of the Osteoarthritis 4.2 Dataset Description 4.3 Optimal Parameters Selection 4.4 Optimal Parameters Selection 5 Comparison and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Digital Economy Financial Applications 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Results 3.1 Digital Financial Assets 3.2 The Concept Apparatus 3.3 Classification of Digital Financial Assets 4 Conclusions/Recommendations References Performance Analysis of Multi-scale Transforms for Saliency-Based Infrared and Visible Image Fusion 1 Introduction 2 Multi-scale Transforms 3 General Framework for Performance Analysis 4 Results and Discussions 4.1 Subjective Evaluation 4.2 Objective Evaluation 5 Conclusion References Control of a SCARA Robot Manipulador 1 Introduction 2 System Description 3 Virtual System Structure 4 Modeling and Control 5 Result and Discussion 6 Conclusions References Boost Converter Control for Maximum Power Tracking of PV System Using Brain Emotional Learning-Based Intelligent Controller 1 Introduction 2 PV System Description 3 Brain Emotional Controller 4 BELBIC-MPPT Controller 5 Simulation Results and Discussion 6 Conclusions Appendix References An Adaptive Horizontal Vertical Gradient Feature Extraction Algorithm for Face Recognition 1 Introduction 2 Proposed AHVG Face Recognition Algorithm 2.1 Feature Extraction 2.2 Feature Reduction 2.3 KNN Classification 2.4 AHVG Face Recognition Algorithm 3 Experimental Results 4 Conclusion References Author Index