Proceedings of CEE 2023: Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 438)

This book gathers the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of effective methods of calculation, resource-saving technologies, and advanced materials in civil and environmental engineering, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the XVIII International Scientific Conference Current Issues of Civil and Environmental Engineering “Lviv- Košice – Rzeszów”, held in Rzeszów, Poland, on September 6–8, 2023. It covers highly diverse topics, including structural shaping and optimization; aspects of structural behavior and modeling; advanced analysis methods; experimental tests and numerical simulations; design codes, in particular Eurocodes and other national and regional limit state codes; and highway and bridges engineering. It also discusses modern architectural and structural solutions; innovative materials and products; durability and maintenance; fabrication and erection; sustainability in construction; renewable energy sources; heat, gas, and water supply; ventilation and air-conditioning; ecological and energy-saving technologies, modern water purification, and treatment technologies; and the protection of water ecosystems. This book, which was selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, highlights numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations. Preface About This Book Editorial Board/Scientific Commitee Contents About the Editors An Influence of Roof Lattice Girder Inclination on the Work of Structural Systems Supporting Shed Roof Sheeting 1 Introduction 2 Critical Analysis of the Present Knowledge 3 The Aim 4 Methodology 5 Results 6 Discussion 7 Conclusions References Behaviour of Steel Lattice Tower with Partially Preloaded Bolted Splices 1 Introduction 2 Description of the Considered Steel Lattice Tower 3 Modelling of Bolted Joints 4 Global Analysis and Results of Structural Response 5 Conclusions References Digital Image Correlation Pattern for Concrete Characteristics—Optimal Speckle 1 Introduction 2 Aim 3 Method of Experimental Research of Concrete Samples 4 Results of Experimental Research of Concrete Samples 5 Scientific Novelty and Practical Significance 6 Conclusions References The Influence of the Damage Placement in the Compressed Area of Concrete on the Deformability of Bent Reinforced Concrete Elements 1 Introduction 2 Aim of the Research 3 Methodology of the research 4 Analyzing Results of the Experiment 5 Conclusions References The Problem of Recycling Construction Waste in Poland 1 Introduction 2 Recycling of Construction Waste in Poland 3 Law in Poland 4 Management of Construction Waste 5 Conclusions References FEM Simulations and Experimental Testing of a Connector for Prefabricated Cylindrical Tank Elements 1 Introduction 2 Case study 2.1 Prefabricated Cylindrical Containers 2.2 FEM Analysis of a Prototype Connector 2.3 Experimental Test 3 Comparison of Experimental Results and FEM Analysis 4 Conclusion References Variability of Darci Friction Factor in Differential Equation for Enforced Flow in Collector-Pipeline 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Literature Data 3 Statement of the Problem 4 Derivation of the Differential Equation 5 Differential of Head Losses for Friction Along CP 5.1 General Statements 5.2 Laminar Mode of Fluid Flow 5.3 Segment of Hydraulically Smooth Pipes of Turbulent Flow 5.4 Transient Segment of Turbulent Flow 5.5 Segment of Hydraulically Rough Pipes of Zone Turbulent Flow 6 Auxiliary Investigations 7 Conclusions References Testing of the Ribbed Dome Which is Manufactured by 3D Printing 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of the Latest Research 3 The Aim of the Study 4 Methodology of Experimental and Theoretical Research 5 Results of Experimental and Theoretical Research 6 Conclusions References Elimination Options of Solar Heat Gains Through Transparent Surfaces–Review 1 Introduction 2 Solar Gains Through Transparent Surfaces 3 Elimination of Solar Heat Gains Through Transparent Surfaces 3.1 Shading Systems 3.2 Glazing Systems 3.3 Shading by the Surrounding Environment 4 Conclusion References Comparison of Daylight Levels Using Simulation Calculation Tools 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Materials and Methods 4 Conclusions 5 Acknowlegment References The Impact of Vegetative Roof on Heat Energy Demand 1 Introduction 1.1 Building Energy Optimization 1.2 Vegetation 2 The Impact of Vegetation Elements on Heat Flow and Thermal Conductivity Coefficient 3 Research Focus: Investigating the Direction of Research 4 Conclusion References Clean and Tasty Water - Analysis of the Effectiveness of Water Filter Jugs 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Subject of Study 2.2 Physicochemical and Microbiological Analysis of Waters 2.3 Evaluation of Biological Stability of Water 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Physicochemical Quality of Water 3.2 Microbiological Quality of Water 3.3 The Influence of the Use of Jug Filters on the Stability of Tap Water 4 Conclusion References Accumulation of Thermal Energy in the Thermal Tank Storage with the Help of the Sun 1 Introduction 2 Thermal Energy Tank Storage 2.1 Thermal Energy Tank Storage Measured 2.2 Thermal Energy Tanks Storage in Different Types 3 Measuring 4 Comparison AN1 Tank Between Seasons 4.1 Accumulation Tank Without Cover 4.2 Accumulation Tank with Cover 5 Conclusion References Energy-Efficient Ventilation Systems for Underground Fortification Structures 1 Introduction 2 Objectives the Formulation of the Problem 3 The Analysis of Recent Research and Publications 4 The Main Material 5 Conclusions References Analysis of Natural and Mechanical Ventilation in the Classroom During the Pause of Teaching 1 Introduction 2 Aim 3 Method 3.1 Characteristics of the Room 3.2 Used Ventilation Equipment and Measuring Devices 3.3 The Experimental Measurements Process 4 Results and Discussions 5 Scientific Novelty and Practical Significance 6 Conclusions References Model of Accumulation of Rainwater from Surface Runoff in a Tank for Use in Building 1 Introduction 1.1 Materials and Methods 1.2 Suitability of Rainwater Use 1.3 Simplified Method Approach 1.4 Balance of Consumption and Rainwater – Preliminary Calculations 2 Results and Discussion 2.1 Analysis of Water Prices for 2023 in Slovakia 2.2 Short analysis for AB 1 and AB 2 2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages 3 Conclusion References Study of the Strength of Concretes Based on M500 Cements with the Addition of Berament A2 at an Early Age 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Studies 3 Conclusions References The Analysis of the Influence of Damaged Concrete Compression Zone on the RC Beam Using FEM 1 Introduction 2 Literature Review 3 Aims 4 Research Methodology 5 Results and Discussion 6 Conclusion References Principles of Modeling the Work of Damaged Columns Made of Compressed Reinforced Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Aim of the Research 3 Methodology of the Research 4 Conclusions References Green Facades and Their Benefits in a Sponge City 1 Introduction 2 Methods 3 Review 3.1 History 4 Results 4.1 Benefits of Vegetated Facades- Thermal Output 4.2 Benefits of Vegetated Facades- Reducing Air Pollution, Reducing Noise and Improving Quality of Life 4.3 Benefits of Vegetated Facades- Hydrology and Evapotranspiration Rate 5 Summary 6 Conclusion References Peculiarities of the Load-Bearing Structures Restoration of the All Saints Church, a 17th-Century Architectural Monument in Lviv Region 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Methods 3 Research Results 4 Practical Expediency of Research 5 Conclusion References Bibliometric Analysis of Renewable Energy Research and Industrial Assets in Poland and Slovakia 1 Introduction 2 Bibliometric Analysis of the Literature 2.1 Bibliometric Analysis for Poland 2.2 Bibliometric Analysis for Slovakia 3 Conclusion References Vibro-pressed Concrete in Ukraine: Problems, Trends and Prospects for Development 1 Introduction 2 The Purpose and Objectives of Scientific Research 3 Methodology of scientific research 4 Analysis of recent scientific research based on literary sources. 5 The main material of the article 6 Conclusion References Influence of Shear Span-to-Depth Ratio (a/d) on the Mechanics of Crack Formation and Failure of Reinforced Concrete Beams on Inclined Sections 1 Introduction 2 Aim 3 Testing Method 4 Experimental Results 5 Scientific Novelty 6 Practical Value 7 Conclusions References BIM Technology and Impact on Safety KPIs in Construction Projects in Slovakia, Slovenia, and Croatia 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Background 2.1 Safety KPIs 2.2 BIM, BEP, and Safety KPIs 3 Methodology and Research Aim 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Development Directions of Small Historic Cities in the Subcarpathia 1 Introduction 2 Medieval Urban Construction of Small Cities in the Subcarpathian 2.1 Brzostek 2.2 Kołaczyce 2.3 Pilzno 3 Urban Integration Index of the Historic Layout 4 Results 5 Summary and Conclusions References Effect of Dry–Wet Cycles on Properties of High Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Experimental Process and Methods 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Substantiation of the Method for Studying the Behavior of Enclosing Structures with Glazing Under Conditions of Fire Thermal Influence 1 Introduction 2 Purpose 3 Research Methods 4 Results 4.1 Experimental Research Method of Fire Tests of Enclosing Structures with Glazing 4.2 Research Equipment 4.3 Requirements for Making Samples 4.4 The Program of Experimental Research 4.5 Conducting an Experiment 4.6 Evaluation of Experimental Research Results 4.7 The End of the Experiment 4.8 Methods of Implementation of Thermal Modes of Heating Samples 5 Conclusions References The Study of the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Structures of Modular Shelter in Conditions of Explosion 1 Introduction 2 Purpose 3 Research Methods 4 Results 4.1 Peculiarities of Mathematical Modeling of the Stress-Strain State 4.2 Mathematical Model of the Behavior of Reinforcing Steel Under Mechanical Load Conditions 4.3 Modeling the Effect of the Explosion on the Structures of Protective Structures 4.4 Modeling the Impact of the Explosion on the Ground Protective Structures 4.5 Finite Element Scheme of the Ground Protective Shelter 5 Conclusions References Rainwater Treatment Technology for the Hygienic and Food Purposes in Households 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Purpose and Scope of Research 2.2 Subject of Study 2.3 Research Procedures 2.4 Selection of Unit Elements of the Treatment System 3 Results 3.1 Rainwater Quality and Stability 3.2 Selection of Elements of the Treatment System 3.3 Optimization and Selection of the Most Effective Treatment System 4 Conclusion References Research of Modified Cementitious System for Non-Autoclave Aerated Concretes 1 Introduction 2 Experimental Program 2.1 Materials 2.2 Experimental Process and Methods 3 Results and discussion 4 Conclusions References Assessment of Water Volume Allocation in Network Water Supply Tanks Using Hulbert Method 1 Introduction 2 Research Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Climatic Loads on Triple-Glazed Insulating Glass Units Used as an External Horizontal Building Envelope 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Research 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 IGUs Loaded with a Change in Atmospheric Pressure 3.2 IGUs Loaded with Change in Gas Temperature in Cavities 3.3 IGUs Loaded Per Area of the Glass Pane “Ex” 4 Conclusions References Improving the Efficiency of Using Water Resources for the Production of Electricity in Market 1 Introduction 2 Statement of the Problem 3 Output Data 4 Results of Calculation of Flood Passage in June 2020 Under Different Scenarios 5 Conclusion References Investigation of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Deformability by Reinforcement Frame Under Static Loads 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Literature Data and Problem Statement 3 Purpose and Objectives 4 Materials and Methods of the Research 4.1 Geometric Parameters of Reinforced Concrete Pipe 4.2 Method for Strengthening a Defective Concrete Pipe 4.3 Procedure for Experimental Tests of Reinforced Pipe 5 The Results of Deformability Studies of Reinforced Concrete Pipe 6 Conclusions References Nanomodified Ultra High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites with Enhanced Operational Characteristics 1 Introduction 2 The Aim and Objectives of the Study 3 Experimental Program 3.1 Raw Materials 3.2 Experimental Process 4 Results and discussion 5 Conclusions References Architectural Self-Compacting Concrete Based on Nano-Modified Cementitious Systems 1 Introduction 2 The Aim and Objectives of the Study 3 Materials and Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusions References Analysis of Current Use of Renewable and Alternative Energy Sources by European Countries 1 Introduction 2 Formulation of the Goal of the Research 3 Analysis of Recent Research and Publications 4 Presentation and Discussion of the Research Results 5 Conclusion References Integrated Solar Collectors in External Protection for Energy-Efficient Buildings 1 Introduction 2 Objectives the Formulation of the Problem 3 The Analysis of Recent Research and Publications 4 The Main Material 5 Conclusion References Experimental Research on the Effectiveness of Using Cellular Polycarbonate Translucent Shields for Cultivation Facilities 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Bases 3 Experimental Research of the House Model 3.1 Experiment Planning and Processing of Experimental Data 3.2 Conducting the Experimental Research 4 Conclusions References Bitumen Emulsion with Hydrochloric and Ortophosphoric Acid in the Technology of Cold Recycling of Road Pavement—Comparison 1 Introduction 2 Aim and Objectives of the Research 3 Methods and Materials 4 Results and Discussions 5 Conclusions References Modeling of the Cryogenic Tank to Warehouse Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) in the Event of the Earthquake 1 Introduction. Characteristics of Cryogenic Tanks 2 The Purpose of the Article and the Most Important Parameters of the Cryogenic Tank 3 Dynamic Model of the Cryogenic Tank and Exceptional Actions 3.1 Description of the Dynamic Model 3.2 The Description of the Exceptional Actions—The Earthquake 4 Results of the Analysis 5 Conclusions References Effect of Chemical Modification of the Coal Fly Ash onto Adsorption of Chromium(III) Ions in the Presence of Cobalt(II) Ions in a Single and Binary System 1 Introduction 2 Method 2.1 Subject of Study 2.2 Analysis of Physicochemical Properties of Fly Ash 2.3 Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Sorption Process 2.4 Adsorption Isotherms 2.5 Adsorption Kinetics 3 Results 3.1 Chemical Composition of the Initial Fly Ash 3.2 FT-IR Analysis 3.3 Effect of Fly Ash Modification on Adsorption Process Efficiency 3.4 Models of Sorption Isotherms in a Single System 3.5 Models of Sorption Isotherms in a Binary System 3.6 Study of the Kinetics of the Sorption Process 4 Scientific Novelty and Practical Significance 5 Conclusions References Construction safety Risks Management and Construction Site 1 Introduction 2 Safety Risks on Construction Site 3 Materials and Methodology 3.1 Material of Research 3.2 Methodology of Research 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Influence Analysis of the Most Common Defects and Damages on the Durability (Residual Resource) of RC Members: A Review 1 Introduction 2 The Aim of Theoretical Research 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References An Experimental Study of Beams Made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry Units 1 Introduction 2 Materials and Experimental Program 3 Testing Technique 4 Results and Discussion 4.1 Results for the 1st Series of Beams (with External Reinforcement) 4.2 Results for the 2nd Series of Beams (with Internal Reinforcement) 4.3 Analysis of the Experimental Data 5 Conclusions References Building Materials Circularity of Green Roofs 1 Introduction 2 Materials 3 Methods 4 Results and Discussion 5 Conclusion References Air Distribution in a Room by The Swirled-Compact Compressed Air Jets 1 Introduction 2 Analysis of Literary Data and Problem Statement 3 The Purpose and Objectives of the Study 4 Methods, Materials and Research Results 5 Conclusions References Field Tests and Analysis of Flat Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Slabs 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of Experiments 2.1 Program of Experimental Research 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusions References Analysis of Building Structure Under Impact Load 1 Introduction 2 Vehicle Impact Load According to Eurocode 2.1 Eurocode 1: EN 1991-1-1 2.2 Eurocode 1: EN 1991-1-7 3 Design Example 3.1 Description of the Computational Model 3.2 Equivalent Static Approach 3.3 Simplified Dynamic Analysis 4 Results Analysis and Conclusions References UV Radiation in Wastewater Disinfection 1 Introduction 2 Methodology of the Research 2.1 Material and Its Initial Preparation 2.2 The Course of the Experiment 2.3 Methodology of Microbiological Determinations 3 Results 3.1 The Effectiveness of the Disinfection Process 3.2 Results of Studies on the Stability of Wastewater After the UV Disinfection Process 4 Discussion 5 Conclusions References Microbiological Stability of Post-fermentation Leachate 1 Introduction 2 Methods 2.1 Material and Its Preliminary Preparation 2.2 The Course of the Experiment 2.3 Methodology of Microbiological Determinations 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Quality of Post-fermentation Leachates After the Hygienization Process 3.2 Microbiological Stability of Hygienized Post-fermentation Leachate 4 Conclusion References Frequency Analysis of Hydrological Groundwater Drought in the Eastern Part of Slovakia Using Standardized Streamflow Index 1 Introduction 2 Material and Methods 2.1 Study Area 2.2 Methodology 3 Results and discussion 4 Conclusions References Green Zones at TUKE Campus 1 Introduction 2 Description and Design of the System 2.1 Retention Pond 2.2 Rainwater Connection from Main Building 2.3 Rainwater Connection from the Object to Shaft 2.4 Retention Tank 2.5 Infiltration Shaft 2.6 Pier 2.7 Water Connection 2.8 Electrical connection and lighting 3 Conclusions References Safety of the Water Supply System from the System Operator Perspective 1 Introduction 2 The Role of the Operator in the Operation of the CWSS 3 Taxonomy of Human Errors and Their Causes 4 Classification of HRA Methods 5 The Perspective of Using the HRA in the Reliability and Safety Assessment of CWSS 6 Conclusions References Author Index