Private Morality in Greece and Rome: Some Historical Aspects (Mnemosyne , Vol Suppl. 57)

PRIVATE MORALITY IN GREECE AND ROME 3 CONTENTS 5 Preface 9 List of abbreviations 11 I. Morality and Social Relationships 13 II. Morality and Religion 25 III. The Earliest Gods and Morality 31 IV. The Emotional Life of the Greeks: Its Influence on their Moral and Religious Disposition 36 Guilt and Punishment 37 Toil as a Punishment 40 Inevitability in Human Situations 42 The Moral and Religious Attitude of Pericles 45 Widows 46 Orphans 49 Orphans in Plato's Laws and Other Works 53 War Orphans 58 The Presentation of War Orphans to the People 60 The Task of the Archons 62 The Burial of those killed in Battle 62 Dating 63 Emotion 68 Orphans in Jewish Society 68 Legislation and Care in Judaism 69 Guardians for the Care of Jewish Orphans 71 V. Neighbour and Love of Neighbour 74 Digression 84 Wider Concentric Circles 90 Greece as opposed to Rome 94 A Fundamental Principle 95 Appendix 101 VI. Prodigium and Morality 105 The Incomprehensible 105 Sources 109 What was done with deformed Children? 110 An Androgynous Prediction (Phlegon, Mirabilia, 10) 115 Conflicting Judgements 129 Private Omens 136 VII. The Deformed 141 Thargelia 141 Dignitas humana 149 Stoicism 159 VIII. Rich and Poor 163 The Rich and Wealth 163 The Holding of Office 168 Καλοί χάγαθοί 173 Πένης and ӆτωχὸς 174 God as the Helper of the Poor 177 Theoretical Statements about Help given to the 'Poor' 181 On the Borderline between Theory and Practice 182 The Community, the Plousioi, and the Penētes 184 IX. The Opposite Side of the Coin: Man and Citizen 191 A Moral Question in Practice: Payment for Services rendered to the State 202 The Law and Morality 205 Citizens and Parties 206 The Relationship between Citizens 207 The Political Structure 210 The State and the Citizen 211 The Intrinsic Value of Democracy 213 Suggestions for Further Research 216 X. Slaves 217 The Place of Slavery in Society 218 Hoplites and Slaves 222 Slaves as opposed to Free Men 224 The Nature of Reporting about Slaves and the Lower Classes 227 Party Conflicts 231 How can we escape from this Labyrinth? 233 The Data for Greece 235 The Control of Slaves 237 Contracts 238 The Situation of Slavery seen from the Slave's Point of View 238 Differences in Special Places and Special Circumstances 239 Activities 240 Technology and Morality 244 Town and Country 248 Dissatisfaction with the Scarcity of Data 251 XI. Women in Religion and Morality 254 Unfavourable 255 Favourable 258 Intermediate Standpoint 263 Emancipation? 268 School Education 274 Being of one mind or saying 'we' 275 The Protection of Women 277 Conclusions 280 XII. Abortion and Family Planning 284 Selected Bibliography 301 Indices 307 Index of passages from ancient authors 307 General index 312 Modern authors 316