Private Academies of Chinese Learning in Meiji Japan : The Decline and Transformation of the Kanguku Juku

The establishment of a national education system soon after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 is recognized as a significant factor in Japan's modernization, hence research on education is concentrated on the state system. However, this development did not mean the disappearance of the juku, the private academies which were so much a feature of the Tokugawa period. Indeed, these played a far greater role than has been appreciated so far and this book aims to rectify the omission. This comprehensive study of a little-known but significant area not only contributes to a better understanding of education in the Meiji period but is also relevant to the reform of Japan's public education system today. Education was once viewed and organised very differently from today, and the modern state-controlled system we take for granted is just as much a product of historical circumstances as the juku was; it, too, must therefore be open to challenge. Book Cover......Page 1 Half-Title......Page 2 Title......Page 5 Copyright......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Illustrations and Tables......Page 10 Preface and Acknowledgements......Page 12 Notes on Usage......Page 14 Notes on Currency and Prices......Page 15 Introduction......Page 18 THE JUKU IN THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION......Page 19 THE FOCUS OF THIS BOOK......Page 23 NOTES......Page 25 CHAPTER ONE Education in Transition fromthe Tokugawa to the Meiji Period......Page 27 EDUCATION AND JUKU IN TOKUGAWA JAPAN......Page 28 THE EDUCATION POLICIES OF THE MEIJI GOVERNMENT......Page 32 TYPES OF PRIVATE SCHOOLS......Page 37 KANGAKU IN THE MEIJI PERIOD......Page 42 KANGAKU JUKU IN TRANSITION......Page 45 NOTES......Page 50 JUKU AND JUKU ATTENDANCE AFTER 1868......Page 56 JUKU IN TOKYO......Page 62 JUKU OUTSIDE TOKYO......Page 66 NOTES......Page 74 THE “OLD GUARD”: YASUI SOKKEN......Page 78 THE MODERN SUCCESS STORY: MISHIMA CHŪSHŪ......Page 87 A WOMAN CHANGING WITH THE TIMES: MIWADA MASAKO......Page 99 THE RECLUSE: IKEDA SŌAN......Page 106 THE COUNTRY SCHOLARS: TSUNETŌ SEISŌ AND MURAKAMI BUTSUSAN......Page 116 NOTES......Page 129 THE MASTERS......Page 134 TEACHING METHODS AND CURRICULUM......Page 145 ORGANIZATION AND RULES......Page 152 BOARDING HOUSE LIFE......Page 163 THE STUDENTS......Page 169 THE JUKU AS A BUSINESS: FINANCE......Page 178 NOTES......Page 183 THE CASE OF AKITA......Page 191 JUKU AND PUBLIC EDUCATION IN CONFLICT......Page 199 STUDENT CAREERS: NARROWING OPTIONS......Page 204 THE GAKUREKI SHAKAI AND THE JUKU AS A CRAM SCHOOL......Page 214 NOTES......Page 219 CHAPTER SIX The Legacy of the Juku......Page 225 KANGAKU SCHOLARS AND JUKU COMMEMORATED......Page 226 INSPIRED BY THE JUKU......Page 234 THE JUKU MYTH36......Page 239 CONTINUITIES......Page 245 NOTES......Page 250 Conclusion......Page 255 IS THE JUKU UNIQUE?......Page 258 THE IDEA OF JUKU EDUCATION TODAY......Page 261 NOTES......Page 262 Select Bibliography......Page 264 Index......Page 272 The Establishment Of A National Education System Soon After The Meiji Restoration Of 1868 Is Recognized As A Significant Factor In Japan's Modernization, Hence Research On Education Is Concentrated On The State System. However, This Development Did Not Mean The Disappearance Of The Juku, The Private Academies That Were So Much A Feature Of The Tokugawa Period. Indeed, These Played A Far Greater Role Than Has Been Appreciated So Far And This Book Aims To Rectify The Omission. Not Only Does This Comprehensive Study Of A Little Known But Significant Area Contribute To A Better Understanding Of Education In The Meiji Period But Also It Is Relevant To Japan's Public Education System Today.--book Jacket. Ch. 1. Education In Transition From The Tokugawa To The Meiji Period -- Education And Juku In Tokugawa Japan -- The Education Policies Of The Meiji Government -- Types Of Private Schools -- Kangaku In The Meiji Period -- Kangaku Juku In Transition -- Ch. 2. Kangaku Juku In The Meiji Period -- Juku And Juku Attendance After 1868 -- Juku In Tokyo -- Juku Outside Tokyo -- Ch. 3. Case Studies -- The Old Guard: Yasui Sokken -- The Modern Success Story: Mishima Chushu -- A Woman Changing With The Times: Miwada Masako -- The Recluse: Ikeda Soan -- The Country Scholars: Tsuneto Seiso And Murakami Butsusan -- Ch. 4. Life At The Juku -- The Masters -- Teaching Methods And Curriculum -- Organization And Rules -- Boarding House Life -- The Students -- The Juku As A Business: Finance -- Ch. 5. The Decline Of The Juku -- The Case Of Akita -- Juku And Public Education In Conflict -- Student Careers: Narrowing Options -- The Gakureki Shakai And The Juku As A Cram School -- Ch. 6. The Legacy Of The Juku -- Kangaku Scholars And Juku Commemorated -- Inspired By The Juku -- The Juku Myth -- Continuities. Margaret Mehl. Includes Bibliographical References (p. 246-254) And Index.