Principles of the Institutional Law of International Organizations (Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law, Series Number 36)

The second edition of C. F. Amerasinghe's successful book, which covers the institutional aspects of the law of international organizations, has been revised to include, among other things, a new chapter on judicial organs of international organizations, as well as a considerably developed chapter on dispute settlement. There is a rigorous analysis of all the material alongside a functional examination of the law. A brief history of international organizations is followed by chapters on, amongst others, interpretation, membership and representation, international and national personality, judicial organs, the doctrine of ultra vires, liability of members to third parties, employment relations, dissolution and succession, and amendment. Important principles are extracted and discussed, and the practice of different organizations examined. Half-title......Page 3 Series-title......Page 5 Title......Page 7 Copyright......Page 8 Contents......Page 9 Preface......Page 15 Abbreviations......Page 17 Table of cases......Page 25 History of international organizations......Page 37 Pervasiveness of international organizations......Page 42 Classifications......Page 45 The concept of international institutional law......Page 49 The nature of international institutional law......Page 51 The sources of the law......Page 56 Methodology......Page 57 2 Interpretation of texts......Page 60 Who may interpret......Page 61 Difficulties with predictability......Page 69 Article II of the IBRD Articles of Agreement......Page 70 First Admissions Case......Page 71 Article 14 of ICJ Statute......Page 72 Expenses Case......Page 74 The Vienna Convention of 1969......Page 75 Supplementary means of interpretation......Page 76 The jurisprudence......Page 78 The object and purpose – teleology......Page 80 Subsequent practice......Page 85 Intention of the parties – travaux préparatoires......Page 92 Evaluation......Page 95 Decisions of non-judicial organs......Page 97 3 Legal personality......Page 102 The rationale for personality......Page 103 Personality at a non-international level......Page 105 Attribution of international personality......Page 113 Objective personality......Page 122 The consequences of international personality......Page 128 Particular powers......Page 136 Admission to membership......Page 141 Continuity, Creation and Succession of States......Page 147 Suspension......Page 150 Withdrawal......Page 153 Expulsion......Page 157 Disappearance or loss of essential characteristics......Page 160 Representation......Page 161 5 Non-Judicial organs of organizations......Page 167 Composition......Page 168 Powers......Page 171 Composition......Page 173 Powers......Page 174 Subsidiary organs......Page 175 Relationship inter se of principal organs......Page 178 Voting......Page 184 Administrative organs......Page 190 6 Acts of non-judicial organs: their legal effect......Page 196 Institutional or organizational acts......Page 199 Operational acts......Page 204 Binding acts......Page 208 Recommendations......Page 211 Duty to consider......Page 213 Duty to co-operate......Page 214 Duty to comply......Page 216 Duty to assist......Page 219 Authorization for action......Page 220 Basis for implementation......Page 221 Evidence for formation of law......Page 222 Other forms of resolutions......Page 223 7 Acts of non-judicial organs: the doctrine of ultra vires......Page 229 The problem and relevance of final adjudication......Page 235 The content of the doctrine of ultra vires......Page 244 Forms of organs......Page 253 Qualities of judicial organs flowing from the nature of the judicial power......Page 260 History of the concept of ‘fundamental principles’......Page 263 Deductions......Page 270 Implications of the fundamentality of certain general principles of law......Page 272 Qualifications of judges and conditions for selection......Page 274 Emoluments of judges......Page 281 Reappointment of judges......Page 284 Conflict of interest......Page 286 The registry......Page 290 Legislative powers of the creating authority......Page 293 Concluding observations......Page 294 The status of judicial organs......Page 297 Subsidiarity......Page 302 Subordination......Page 303 Conclusion......Page 305 The internal law......Page 307 Development......Page 311 Need for an independent system of law......Page 313 The internal law as the governing law......Page 315 The nature of the employment relationship......Page 316 Sources of the law......Page 318 Agreements......Page 319 Constituent instruments......Page 321 Staff regulations, staff rules and written sources......Page 322 General principles of law......Page 324 Practice of the organization......Page 326 Other sources......Page 328 The hierarchy of sources......Page 330 Review of the exercise of powers......Page 335 Discrimination and improper motive......Page 339 Substantive irregularity......Page 340 Procedural irregularities......Page 341 Limitations on the power of amendment......Page 342 10 Privileges and immunities......Page 351 The conventional law......Page 353 Immunity from jurisdiction......Page 356 Property, assets and currency......Page 364 Premises and archives......Page 366 Communications......Page 371 Privileges and immunities of personnel......Page 373 Representatives of member states......Page 374 Officials......Page 377 Other persons......Page 379 Customary law......Page 380 Claiming immunity and waiver......Page 384 Abuse......Page 386 11 Financing......Page 388 The budget process......Page 391 Internal audit......Page 393 External audit......Page 394 Obligatory contributions......Page 395 Limitations on apportionment......Page 398 Self-financing......Page 400 Expenses......Page 401 ‘Expenses’ are not limited to expenditures under the ‘administrative’ budget of the UN......Page 406 ‘Expenses’ do not exclude expenditures resulting from operations for the maintenance of international peace and security......Page 407 Expenditures incurred under acts that were ultra vires, because they did not conform to the Charter in an essential.........Page 408 The obligation to pay......Page 411 The obligation to approve the budget......Page 415 12 Responsibility to and of international organizations......Page 420 Law governing relations between international organizations and other parties......Page 422 Substantive rights in general......Page 426 Rights in regard to staff......Page 429 The right to bring claims at international law......Page 430 Responsibility of international organizations......Page 435 Substantive obligations......Page 436 The defendant......Page 442 13 The liability of member states vis-à-vis third parties......Page 443 The governing law and problems with the forum......Page 444 The importance of the organization’s having personality......Page 448 The liability of members......Page 449 Transactions on the international plane......Page 450 Primary and direct liability......Page 453 Liability based on agency......Page 454 Secondary or concurrent liability......Page 456 Text writers......Page 457 Practice......Page 461 The case law......Page 467 General principles of law......Page 472 Deductions......Page 474 The rationale for the better view of the applicable principle......Page 476 The relationship between the organization and members......Page 480 Conclusion......Page 481 14 Amendment of constitutions......Page 483 Express constitutional provision......Page 484 Principles in customary law......Page 487 Analysis of special provisions......Page 490 The consent principle......Page 491 The two principles combined......Page 492 The consequences of an effective amendment......Page 493 Variation......Page 495 Interpretation and amendment......Page 496 Practice and amendment......Page 497 15 Dissolution and succession......Page 500 Dissolution......Page 501 Express provisions for dissolution......Page 502 No express provisions for dissolution......Page 503 Consequences of dissolution......Page 507 Succession......Page 509 16 The settlement of disputes......Page 515 (1) Disputes between states and organizations or between organizations......Page 516 (a) The relevance of the rule of local remedies......Page 518 (b) Diplomatic protection of staff members by national states......Page 523 (c) The institution of claims by organizations......Page 524 (a) Settlement by administrative organs......Page 525 (i) Authority......Page 528 (ii) Reasons......Page 530 (c) The structure of international administrative tribunals......Page 531 (i) Jurisdiction in general......Page 533 (iii) Nature of decisions......Page 535 (iv) Reasoning in decisions......Page 537 (vi) Interpretation, rectification and review......Page 538 (vii) Enforcement of decisions......Page 539 (3) Settlement of disputes involving private parties, states or organizations at the national level......Page 540 (4) Disputes between member states before international organizations......Page 542 (a) Violations of Article 2(4) of the UN Charter......Page 543 (b) General powers of the UN under Chapter VI of the Charter......Page 546 Index......Page 548 This is one of the first books to appear in the relaunched Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law and it addresses the institutional aspect of the law of international organizations. Dr. Amerasinghe starts with a brief history of international organizations. In fourteen substantive chapters, he then deals with subjects such as interpretation, membership and representation, the doctrine of ultra vires, responsibility, liability of members to third parties, internal law and employment relations, privileges and immunities, dispute settlement, and, finally, dissolution and succession. There is a full and detailed examination of the problems connected with each of these subjects. The primary object of the book is to discuss principles, but Dr Amerasinghe also studies the law and practice of different organizations, using a rigorous analysis of the material alongside his functional examination of the law. "Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law is a forum for high-quality studies in the fields of public and private international and comparative law. Although these are distinct legal sub-disciplines, development since 1946 confirm their interrelation. Comparative law is increasingly used as a tool in the making of law at national, regional, and international levels. Private international law is now often affected by international conventions, and the issues faced by classical conflicts rules are frequently dealt with by substantive harmonization of law under international auspices."--BOOK JACKET This second edition of C.F. Amerasinghe's successful book has been revised to include a new chapter on judicial organs of international organizations, as well as a considerably developed chapter on dispute settlement. Amerasinghe examines the local remedies rule in terms of both historical and modern international law. He considers customary international law as well as the application of the rule to, among others, human rights protection and international organizations.