اقتصادهای اولیه، کهن و مدرن: مقالات کارل پولانی

Polanyi used economic anthropology and early economic history to jar us loose from ideas and generalizations about man and society implanted by the Industrial Revolution. (Classical economics and the ideology of laissez-faire, as well as Marxian socialism, came out of the English Industrial Revolution). He was particularly concerned to dislodge the notion -so widely and implicitly held- that markets are ubiquitous and invariable form of economic organization; that any economy can be translated into market terms, and the further notion that economic organization determines social organization and culture in all societies. These he regarded as wrong generalizations from the one very special case (laissez-faire capitalism) for which they are true. He argued that these generalizations must be disproved and disbelieved if we are evet to make industrial technology serve the needs of human community, and indeed if we are to understand the nature of economic organization in early and primitive economies. -from the Introduction by George Dalton, professor of economics and anthropology at Northwestern University. This volume brings together some of the significant essays by late Karl Polanyi, whose writings are among the most influential factors in the present growth of interest in comparative economic systems and economic anthropology. Introduction ix Part I. Economy and Society 1. Societies and Economic Systems (1944) 3 2. The Self-regulating Market and the Fictitious Commodities: Land, Labor, and Money (1944) 26 3. Class Interest and Social Change (1944) 38 4. Our Obsolete Market Mentality (1947) 59 5. Aristotle Discovers the Economy (1957) 78 6. The Place of Economies in Societies (with C. M. Arensberg and H. W. Pearson, 1957) 116 7. The Economy as Instituted Process (1957) 139 8. The Semantics of Money-Uses (1957) 175 Part II. Primitive and Archaic Economies 9. Redistribution: The State Sphere in Eighteenth- Century Dahomey (1966) 207 10. Ports of Trade in Early Societies (1963) 238 11. Sortings and “Ounce Trade” in the West African Slave Trade (1964) 261 12. Archaic Economic Institutions: Cowrie Money (1966) 280 13. On the Comparative Treatment of Economic Institutions in Antiquity with Illustrations from Athens, Mycenae, and Alalakh (1960) 306 Index 335 s/ New Perspectives in the Life Sciences-Proceedings of the Alpbach Symposium 1968