Preverbs And Idiomatization In Gothic (berkeley Insights In Linguistics And Semiotics)

It is very common in Indo-European languages to derive new, compound verb forms from verb bases by adding prefixes to them. These prefixes, or preverbs, are originally derived from invariant forms and generally come from one of three categories: adverbs, adpositions (prepositions or postpositions), and inseparable particles. __Preverbs and Idiomatization in Gothic__ focuses on these attributes of the Gothic language. The use of preverbs in Gothic is quite extensive in that over half of the verbs in Gothic show prefixation. Of the many stems that have preverbs attached, some alter the meaning of the original verb while others do not appear to change the meaning significantly. This book examines the use of preverbs in Gothic, with the specific focus on significant meaning changes or idiomatization, in which the resultant form does not mean simply the sum of its parts but takes on a new meaning that may or may not be clearly related to the meanings of the original forms. Contents List of Illustrations xi List of Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv List of Abbreviations xvii 1. Introduction 1 2. Related Research 4 2.1. Gothic 4 2.2. Data Sources 5 2.3. Semantic Change 5 2.4. Preverbs 9 2.4.1. Pinault 9 2.4.2. West 9 2.5. Electronic Resources 10 3. Approach 12 3.1. Methodology 12 4. Semantic Change 14 4.1. Processes of Semantic Change 14 4.1.1. Grammaticalization, Subjectification, Lexicalization 14 4.1.2. Pragmatic Approaches 18 4.2. Objective Measurement 20 4.3. Determining Idiomatization 22 4.3.1. Determining Degree of Idiomatization 22 4.3.2. Idiomatization Model 23 5. Preverbs 33 5.1. Introduction 33 5.2. Preverbs in Indo6European 34 5.2.1. Introduction 35 5.2.2. Slavic 36 5.2.3. Germanic 37 5.2.4. Other IE Subgroups 37 6. Preverbs in Gothic 39 6.1. The Semantics of Gothic Preverbs 40 6.1.1. Gothic Preverbs and Greek Correspondences 40 6.1.2. West’s Semantic Categories of Gothic Preverbs 42 6.2. Preverb Categories 46 6.2.1. Inseparable Particles 46 6.2.2. Prepositions 47 6.2.3. Adverbs 48 6.3. Preverbs and Aspect 52 7. The Data 55 7.1. Data Views 56 7.1.1. Master Table 56 7.1.2. Idiomatization Views 57 7.1.3. Not Included 58 7.1.4. Preverb Views 58 7.1.5. Verb Views 59 7.2. Compound Verbs 60 7.3. Preverbs 62 8. Gothic Compound Verb Idiomatization 65 8.1. Idiomatic Compounds 65 8.1.1. An Example of an Idiomatic Compound 66 8.1.2. Idiomatic Compound Verbs 66 8.1.3. Description of Idiomatic Compounds 70 8.2. Polysemous Compounds 111 8.2.1. An Example of a Polysemous Compound 112 8.2.2. Polysemous Compound Verbs 113 8.2.3. Description of Polysemous Compounds 114 8.3. Items Not Included 127 8.3.1. Secondary Denominatives 128 8.3.2. Calques 129 8.3.3. Difficult or Obscure Derivations 130 8.3.4. Misleading Translations 131 8.4. Metaphorical Compounds 133 8.5. Non6Idiomatic Compounds 134 8.6. Preverbs and Degree of Idiomatization 134 8.6.1. High Degree of Idiomatization 136 8.6.2. Low Degree of Idiomatization 139 8.6.3. Non6Idiomatizing Preverbs 140 8.6.4. Conclusion 140 8.7. Verbs and Degree of Idiomatization 141 8.7.1. High Degree of Idiomatization 142 8.7.2. Low Degree of Idiomatization 145 8.7.3. Non6Idiomatic Verb Stems 150 8.8. Likelihood of Idiomatization of Compounds 158 8.9. Compounds with a Low Degree of Semantic Change 163 9. Preverbs and Aspect in Gothic 173 10. The Preverb ga 176 10.1. Distribution of ga 176 10.2. Aspect and ga 178 11. Conclusion 180 11.1. Summary of the Findings 180 11.2. Directions for Future Research 184 Appendix I. Master Table 187 Appendix II. Idiomatization Views 231 Appendix III. Preverb Data 277 Appendix IV. Verb Data 283 Bibliography 321 Index 325 It is very common in Indo-European languages to derive new, compound verb forms from verb bases by adding prefixes to them. These prefixes, or preverbs, are originally derived from invariant forms and generally come from one of three categories: adverbs, adpositions (prepositions or postpositions), and inseparable particles. Preverbs and Idiomatization in Gothic focuses on these attributes of the Gothic language. The use of preverbs in Gothic is quite extensive in that over half of the verbs in Gothic show prefixation. Of the many stems that have preverbs attached, some alter the meaning of the original verb while others do not appear to change the meaning significantly. This book examines the use of preverbs in Gothic, with the specific focus on significant meaning changes or idiomatization, in which the resultant form does not mean simply the sum of its parts but takes on a new meaning that may or may not be clearly related to the meanings of the original forms. "This is an excellent and innovative study of a notoriously difficult set of lexical semantic issues, issues that arise in a great many languages and that have rarely or never received an analysis as insightful as the one we find here. The methodology Bucsko has devised for analyzing the semantics of Gothic preverbs - in particular the degree of idiomatization in preverb-verb combinations - is such a significant advance over previous treatments of the general topic that this book should be required reading not only for Indo-Europeanists but for all linguists who seek to analyze comparable phenomena in other languages." (Sarah Thomason, William J. Gedney Collegiate Professor of Linguistics, University of Michigan) Proposes readings of justice in contemporary American literature. This book examines contemporary writers like Joyce Carol Oates and Toni Morrison. It concludes by observing that justice in contemporary American life is not about closure, but is an open-ended practice of human action, a theory that corresponds to postmodern theories of narrative. It is very common in Indo-European languages to derive new, compound verb forms from verb bases by adding prefixes to them. These prefixes, or preverbs, are derived from invariant forms and generally come from one of three categories: adverbs, adpositions, and inseparable particles. This title focuses on these attributes of Gothic language.