Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals : Practice and Theory

This volume offers extensive information on preventive and infection surveillance procedures, routines and policies adapted to the optimal infection control level needed to tackle today’s microbes in hospital practice. It especially focuses on preventive measures for serious hospital infections. Each chapter includes a practical section that addresses the main aspects of procedures and treatment, and a theoretical section that contains updated documentation that can be used for further study, or to help select infection control measures. Infection control concerns all healthcare professional working directly or indirectly with patients; in diagnosis, treatment, isolation measures, operations, equipment, drugs, cleaning, textiles, transport, porter service, food and water, building and maintenance, etc. Hygiene and environmental control is central to infection prevention for patients, visitors and staff alike. Good hygienic practices, individual infection control, well implemented and frequent environmental cleaning, and a high professional standard of hygiene in the treatment and care of patients, are essential to patient safety and a safe working environment. Addressing this essential topic, this book is intended for doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers, students in health-related subjects, hospital managers and health bureaucrats, as well as patients and their families. Front Matter ....Pages i-xxiii Front Matter ....Pages 1-1 Patient Protection Is Patient Safety (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 3-12 Hospital Infections: Surveillance (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 13-22 Microbes, Transmission Routes and Survival Outside the Body (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 23-28 Antibacterial Agents and Drug Resistance (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 29-43 Tracing and Preventing Infections (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 45-62 Front Matter ....Pages 63-63 Staff Uniforms and Uniform Policy (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 65-70 Vaccination and Control of Employees (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 71-78 Employees with Infections or Carrier Status (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 79-85 Pregnant Employee Exposed to Infection (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 87-89 Tuberculosis: Prevention (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 91-95 Accidents with Blood or Tissue (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 97-109 Hand Hygiene and Glove Use (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 111-127 Protection of Upper Respiratory Tract, Mouth and Eyes (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 129-146 Front Matter ....Pages 147-147 Microbes, Transmission and Protection (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 149-152 General Information (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 153-165 Contact Isolation (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 167-178 Blood-Borne Pathogens (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 179-185 Airborne/Droplet Infection Isolation (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 187-196 Strict Isolation (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 197-211 Protective Isolation (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 213-222 Background Information: Isolation Routines (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 223-252 Front Matter ....Pages 253-253 Personal Hygiene and Care of Patients (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 255-264 Oral Hygiene (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 265-272 Wound Care: Skin and Soft Tissue (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 273-277 Prevention of Infected Pressure Sores (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 279-285 Front Matter ....Pages 287-287 Prevention of Respiratory Infections (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 289-312 Chest Physiotherapy and Mobilization: Postoperatively (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 313-321 Suction of Respiratory Tract Secretions (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 323-332 Care of the Ventilator Patient and Equipment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 333-344 Respirator and Anaesthesia Equipment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 345-353 Respirator in Intensive Treatment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 355-363 External CPAP: Cleaning Procedures (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 365-373 Front Matter ....Pages 375-375 Prevention of Postoperative Wound Infections (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 377-437 Surgical Hand Disinfection (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 439-452 Operation Department: Infection Control (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 453-489 Newly Operated Patient (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 491-494 Care of Wound Drainages (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 495-499 Front Matter ....Pages 501-501 Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 503-511 Haemodialysis (HD) (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 513-532 Front Matter ....Pages 533-533 Peripheral Intravenous Catheters (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 535-546 Central Intravascular Catheter (CVC) (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 547-568 Central Implanted Venous Access Port (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 569-579 Front Matter ....Pages 581-581 Urinary Tract Infections: Prevention (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 583-609 Premature and New-Borns (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 611-630 Intensive Patient Treatment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 631-644 Cystic Fibrosis: Infections and Prevention (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 645-660 Front Matter ....Pages 661-661 Admittance to Hospital (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 663-675 Healthcare Professionals (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 677-680 MRSA Prevention (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 681-711 Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Prevention (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 713-728 Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 729-743 Gastrointestinal Infections (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 745-754 Clostridium difficile (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 755-764 Norovirus and Other Viral Gastroenteritis (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 765-773 Prion Diseases: Infection Protection (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 775-782 Tuberculosis: Control in Hospitals (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 783-798 Scabies: Control in Hospitals (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 799-805 Front Matter ....Pages 807-807 Disinfection of Skin and Mucous Membranes (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 809-813 Disinfection of Instruments and Equipment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 815-834 Endoscopes and Other Special Equipment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 835-848 Sterilization (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 849-858 Sterilization: Control and Quality (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 859-862 Sterile and Clean Equipment: Storage (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 863-869 Medicine Storage and Preparation Room (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 871-880 Front Matter ....Pages 881-881 Cleaning of Rooms in Wards (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 883-895 Disinfection of Rooms and Surfaces (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 897-905 Hospital Textiles (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 907-917 Patient Beds (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 919-922 Hospital Waste (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 923-928 Food and Beverages (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 929-942 Water and Water Systems in Hospitals (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 943-951 Technical and Medical Technical Equipment (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 953-958 Laboratories (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 959-967 Transport in Hospitals (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 969-971 Ambulances, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and Other Transports of Patients (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 973-983 Front Matter ....Pages 985-985 Hospital Buildings—Construction Projects (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 987-994 Hospital Kitchen (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 995-999 Disinfection Room: Cleaning Room (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1001-1005 Internal Infection Control: Checklist (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1007-1017 Front Matter ....Pages 1019-1019 Dangerous Microbes (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1021-1028 Emergency Preparedness (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1029-1037 Scenarios: Serious, Infectious Diseases (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1039-1051 Isolation: Serious, Infectious Diseases (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1053-1060 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1061-1064 Communication, Information and Advice (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1065-1067 Triage: Serious Infections (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1069-1071 Patient Management: Logistic (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1073-1075 Viral Haemorrhagic Fever (VHF) and Other Serious Viral Infections (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1077-1091 Biological Terror: Anthrax-Suspected (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1093-1098 Preparedness in Connection with Biological Weapons (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1099-1101 Dangerous Infectious Agents Combined with Hazardous Chemicals (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1103-1107 Infection Control Resources (Bjørg Marit Andersen)....Pages 1109-1122 Back Matter ....Pages 1123-1127