آمادگی برای آزمون ACS در شیمی فیزیک: راهنمای رسمی انجمن شیمی آمریکا

About This Book......Page 12 Acknowledgements......Page 4 Cemeteries and Crematoria......Page 0 Introduction......Page 5 Units and symbols......Page 6 Documentation and drawings......Page 8 Construction drawings......Page 11 Construction drawings: CAD......Page 14 Construction drawings:symbols......Page 16 Man: the universal standard......Page 19 Man: dimensions and space requirements......Page 20 Man: small spaces......Page 22 Man and his housing......Page 23 Room climate......Page 24 Building biology......Page 25 The eye: perception......Page 28 Man and colour......Page 30 Dimensional relationships......Page 31 Basic measurements......Page 35 Modular system......Page 38 Coordinate system and dimensioning......Page 39 Building details: functional use of materials......Page 40 Form: the result of construction......Page 41 Form: modern construction tehniques and forms......Page 42 The design of houses: expression of the period......Page 43 Design method: working process......Page 44 Bulding design: preparatory work......Page 45 Construction mangement......Page 47 The building site: foundations, excavation, trenches......Page 55 Excavations: site and building measurements......Page 56 Earthworks and foundations structures......Page 57 Buiding and site drainage......Page 59 Damp-proofing and tanking......Page 63 Masonry: natural stone......Page 66 Masonry: bricks nd blocks......Page 67 External walls: low-energy buiding construction......Page 70 Masonry bonds......Page 71 Fireplaces......Page 72 Chimneys and flues......Page 73 Ventilation ducting......Page 74 Services: connections......Page 75 Roof structures......Page 76 Roof forms and coverings......Page 79 Dormers......Page 81 Loft space......Page 82 Roof slopes and flat roofs......Page 83 Flat roofs: warm roof construction......Page 84 Flat roofs: cold roof construction......Page 85 Roof gardens......Page 86 Roof gardens: roof construction......Page 88 Roof cultivation......Page 89 Tensile and inflatable structures......Page 90 Cable net structures......Page 91 Suspended and tensioned structures......Page 92 Space frames: principles......Page 93 Space frames: applications......Page 94 Multistorey structures......Page 96 Suspended floors......Page 97 Flooring......Page 98 Heating......Page 99 Heating: oil storage tanks......Page 104 Solar arhitecture......Page 105 Solar energy......Page 108 Ventilation and air conditioning......Page 109 Cold storage rooms......Page 113 Thermal insulation: terminology and mechanisms......Page 115 Thermal insulation: water vapour diffusion......Page 116 Thermal insulation: types of construction......Page 117 Thermal insulation: exterior walls and roofs......Page 118 Sound insulation......Page 121 Vibration damping......Page 125 Room acoustics......Page 126 Fire detection......Page 129 Fire spread......Page 130 Smoke and heat extraction systems......Page 131 Extinguisher systems......Page 132 Fire protection: closures and glazing......Page 134 Fire protection: glazing......Page 135 Fire protection: water cooling......Page 136 Means of escape from fire......Page 137 Access for firefighters......Page 141 Protection from lightning......Page 142 Aerials......Page 144 Lighting: lamps and fittings......Page 145 Lighting: provision......Page 147 Lighting: arrangements......Page 148 Lighting: requirements......Page 151 Daylight......Page 155 Daylight: insolation......Page 168 Glass......Page 170 Plastics......Page 178 Skylights and dome rooflights......Page 179 Windows: sizes......Page 180 Windows: arrangement......Page 181 Windows: shading......Page 182 Windows: types and dimensions......Page 183 Loft windows......Page 184 Windows: construction......Page 185 Windows: cleaning......Page 187 Doors: internal......Page 188 Doors: sizes and frames......Page 189 Revolving and sliding doors......Page 190 Garage/warehouse doors......Page 191 Looking systems......Page 192 Security of buildings and grounds......Page 193 Stairs......Page 195 Ramps and spiral staircases......Page 198 Escalators......Page 199 Travelators......Page 200 Lifts......Page 201 Small goods lifts......Page 203 Hydraulic lifts......Page 204 Panoramic glass lifts......Page 265 Renovation of old buildings......Page 206 Maintenance and restauration......Page 211 Change of use......Page 214 Road dimensions......Page 216 Road design......Page 217 Intersections......Page 219 Roadside paths......Page 220 Paths and paving......Page 221 Bicycle parking......Page 222 Bicycle parking and cycle paths......Page 223 Motorways......Page 224 Tramways/urban light railways......Page 225 Traffic layout......Page 226 Traffic noise......Page 229 Securing embankments......Page 230 Garden enclosures......Page 231 Pergolas, paths, steps, retaining walls......Page 233 Earthworks......Page 234 Gardens: planting methods......Page 235 Tendril and climbing plants......Page 237 Banked and raised beds......Page 238 Greenhouses......Page 239 Gardens: trees and hedges......Page 240 Garden ponds......Page 241 Gardens: use of rainwater......Page 242 Gardens equipment......Page 243 Garden swimming pools......Page 244 Private swimming pools......Page 246 Porches, entrance halls and corridors......Page 249 Landings and hallways......Page 250 Storage space......Page 251 Utility rooms......Page 252 Pantries, larders and storage......Page 254 Kitchens......Page 255 Dining rooms......Page 259 Bedrooms......Page 261 Bathrooms......Page 266 Carpots......Page 272 Holiday homes......Page 273 Sheds/summer houses......Page 274 Timber houses......Page 275 House orientation......Page 276 Housing types......Page 277 Terraced houses......Page 281 Semi-detached houses......Page 282 Courtyard houses......Page 283 Detached houses......Page 284 Houses with conservatories......Page 285 Three-level houses......Page 286 Square, cubic and tent-shape forms......Page 287 Ecological buiding......Page 288 House types: examples......Page 289 Houses on slopes......Page 292 Large house......Page 293 International examples......Page 294 Mutistorey housing......Page 296 Balconies......Page 299 Access corridors/decks......Page 300 Stepped housing......Page 301 Building for disabled people......Page 303 Barrier-free living......Page 305 Old people's accommodation......Page 306 Laundries......Page 309 Schools......Page 311 Further education colleges......Page 318 Colleges and universities......Page 319 Drawing studios......Page 324 Laboratories......Page 325 Child daycare centres......Page 329 Playgrounds......Page 330 Libraries......Page 331 Museums and art galleries......Page 337 Museums: examples......Page 338 Principles......Page 340 Principles of typology......Page 344 Calculations: construction......Page 347 Calculations: building technology......Page 348 Calculations: division of space......Page 349 Calculations: floor area requirements......Page 350 Calculations: space for furniture......Page 352 Calculations: archive space......Page 354 Calculations: workstation with computers......Page 355 Office buidings: examples......Page 356 Banks and building societies......Page 363 Glazed arcades: typology......Page 367 Glazed arcades: historical examples......Page 368 Glazed arcade: applied examples......Page 370 Transparent roofs and canopies......Page 371 Shops......Page 372 Food courts......Page 374 Departament stores and supermarkets......Page 375 Supermarkets/hypermarkets......Page 378 Workshops: woodworking......Page 379 Workshops: metalworking......Page 383 Workshops: showrooms and vehicle repairs......Page 385 Vehicle repair shops......Page 386 Vehicle company workshops......Page 388 Workshops: bakery, etc.......Page 389 Wholesale butchers......Page 391 Meat processing centre......Page 392 Industrial buildings: planning......Page 393 Warehouse design......Page 395 High-bay warehouses......Page 396 Warehousing technology: planning/logistics......Page 397 Warehousing tehnology: safety regulations......Page 398 Warehousing tehnology: rack systems......Page 399 Handling......Page 400 Industrial buildings: sheds......Page 401 Multistorey Industrial buildings......Page 402 Toilet facilities......Page 403 Washing facilities......Page 404 Sanitary installations......Page 405 Changing rooms, lockers......Page 406 Power stations......Page 407 Hydro-electric power stations......Page 408 Small animal stalls......Page 409 Poultry farms......Page 412 Pig sheds: fattening......Page 413 Pig sheds: breeding......Page 415 Stables/horses......Page 416 Cattle......Page 418 Cattle: store bulls......Page 419 Buildings for farm vehicles......Page 420 Farm facilities......Page 421 Ventilation systems......Page 425 Railways: track installations......Page 426 Railways: European structure gauges clearances......Page 428 Railways: UK structure gauges clearances......Page 429 Railways freight yards......Page 431 Railway stations......Page 432 Bus stations......Page 434 Vehicle dimensions......Page 436 Loading bays......Page 438 Turning and parking......Page 440 Garages and car-parking......Page 443 Car-parks......Page 444 Filling stations......Page 447 Service stations......Page 449 Airports: planning......Page 450 Airports: terminals......Page 452 Airports: runways and aprons......Page 454 Airports: examples......Page 455 Fire stations......Page 456 Restaurants: space requirements......Page 459 Restaurants: arrangements......Page 460 Restaurant cars......Page 461 Restaurant types......Page 462 Restaurant kitchens......Page 463 Large kitchens......Page 466 Hotel layout and area requirements......Page 468 Hotel kitchens......Page 471 Hotel: examples......Page 472 Motels......Page 473 Youth hostels......Page 474 Zoos and aquariums......Page 477 Theatres: historical summary......Page 480 Theatres: auditoriums......Page 482 Stage and secondary areas......Page 485 Cinemas......Page 490 Drive-in cinemas......Page 492 Sports: stadiums......Page 493 Sports halls......Page 495 Outdoor pitches......Page 501 Indoor pitches......Page 503 Athletics facilities......Page 504 Conditioning and fitness rooms......Page 508 Tennis facilities......Page 510 Miniature golf......Page 512 Golf courses......Page 514 Sailing: yachts and marinas......Page 516 Sailing : harbours/marinas......Page 518 Rowing......Page 526 Water sports......Page 520 Riding facilities......Page 521 Ski jumps......Page 523 Ice rinks......Page 524 Roller-skate/skaterboarding......Page 546 Cyclecross/BMX......Page 527 Shooting ranges......Page 528 Indoor sports......Page 530 Skittle and bowling alleys......Page 532 Indoor swimming pools......Page 533 Open air swimming pools......Page 538 Indoor/open air swimming pools......Page 539 Sauna......Page 541 Amusement arcades......Page 544 Group practices and healthcare centres......Page 545 Hospitals: general......Page 547 Hospitals: construction planning......Page 548 Hospitals: planning conception......Page 549 Hospitals: forms of building......Page 550 Hospitals: dimensional co-ordination......Page 552 Hospitals: corridors, doors, stairs, lifts......Page 554 Hospitals: surgical department......Page 583 Hospitals: main surgical rooms......Page 556 Hospitals: post-operative facilities......Page 557 Surgery safety requirements......Page 558 Hospitals: demarcation......Page 559 Hospitals: intensive care area......Page 560 Hospitals: care areas......Page 561 Hospitals: treatment areas......Page 565 Hospitals: laboratories; functional diagnosis......Page 568 Hospitals: supplimentary disciplines......Page 569 Day clinics: outpatient surgery......Page 570 Hospitals: supplies areas......Page 572 Hospitals: general areas......Page 575 Hospitals: teaching and research......Page 576 A & E and outpatiens departament......Page 577 Hospitals: maternity and neonatal care......Page 578 Hospitals: mortuary, pathology, service yard......Page 579 Special hospitals......Page 580 Special care area safety......Page 582 Church organs......Page 585 Churches: bells, towers......Page 587 Synagogues......Page 588 Mosques......Page 589 Cemeteries and graveyards......Page 590 Cemeteries and graveyards......Page 591 Bibliography......Page 592 Related Standards......Page 598 Conversion Factors/Tables......Page 614 Index......Page 631