Pratylenchus, (Nematoda, Pratylenchidae): Diagnosis, Biology, Pathogenicity and Management (Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, 6)

Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are recognized worldwide as one of the major constraints of crop of primary economic importance. "Pratylenchus" spp. comprises around 70 nominal species of worldwide distribution. Contents ......Page 8 About the authors......Page 14 Preface......Page 16 Foreword......Page 18 Acknowledgements......Page 20 1. Introduction......Page 22 Geographical distribution of Pratylenchus......Page 26 Body wall......Page 30 Labial region......Page 31 Lateral fields......Page 34 Stylet......Page 36 Pharynx......Page 41 Nervous system......Page 43 Deirids......Page 44 Reproductive system......Page 45 Tail......Page 49 Morphometrics and cluster analysis......Page 53 Taxonomy......Page 58 Systematics......Page 60 Classification......Page 65 1. Pratylenchus pratensis (de Man, 1880) Filipjev, 1936......Page 72 2. Pratylenchus acuticaudatus Braasch & Decker, 1989......Page 76 3. Pratylenchus alleni Ferris, 1961......Page 78 4. Pratylenchus andinus Lordello, Zamith & Boock, 1961......Page 81 5. Pratylenchus angulatus Siddiqi, 1994......Page 83 6. Pratylenchus arlingtoni Handoo, Carta & Skantar, 2001......Page 86 7. Pratylenchus artemisiae Zheng & Chen, 1994......Page 90 8. Pratylenchus bhattii Siddiqi, Dabur & Bajaj, 1991......Page 92 9. Pratylenchus bolivianus Corbett, 1983......Page 95 10. Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey, 1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941......Page 98 11. Pratylenchus brzeskii Karssen, Waeyenberge & Moens, 2000......Page 102 12. Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmermann, 1898) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941......Page 106 13. Pratylenchus convallariae Seinhorst, 1959......Page 112 14. Pratylenchus crassi Das & Sultana, 1979......Page 115 15. Pratylenchus crenatus Loof, 1960......Page 117 16. Pratylenchus cruciferus Bajaj & Bhatti, 1984......Page 121 17. Pratylenchus curvicauda Siddiqi, Dabur & Bajaj, 1991......Page 123 18. Pratylenchus delattrei Luc, 1958......Page 126 19. Pratylenchus dunensis de la Peña, Moens, van Aelst & Karssen, 2006......Page 129 20. Pratylenchus ekrami Bajaj & Bhatti, 1984......Page 133 21. Pratylenchus elamini Zeidan & Geraert, 1991......Page 136 22. Pratylenchus estoniensis Ryss, 1982......Page 138 23. Pratylenchus fallax Seinhorst, 1968......Page 141 24. Pratylenchus flakkensis Seinhorst, 1968......Page 144 25. Pratylenchus gibbicaudatus Minagawa, 1982......Page 147 26. Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953......Page 150 27. Pratylenchus hexincisus Taylor & Jenkins, 1957......Page 153 28. Pratylenchus hippeastri Inserra, Troccoli, Gozel, Bernard, Dunn & Duncan, 2007......Page 157 29. Pratylenchus jaehni Inserra, Duncan, Troccoli, Dunn, dos Santos, Kaplan & Vovlas, 2001......Page 161 30. Pratylenchus japonicus Ryss, 1988......Page 165 31. Pratylenchus kasari Ryss, 1982......Page 170 32. Pratylenchus kralli Ryss, 1982......Page 172 33. Pratylenchus kumaoensis Lal & Khan, 1990......Page 175 34. Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960......Page 177 35. Pratylenchus macrostylus Wu, 1971......Page 180 36. Pratylenchus manaliensis Khan & Sharma, 1992......Page 183 37. Pratylenchus mediterraneus Corbett, 1983......Page 186 38. Pratylenchus microstylus Bajaj & Bhatti, 1984......Page 189 39. Pratylenchus morettoi Luc, Baldwin & Bell, 1986......Page 191 40. Pratylenchus mulchandi Nandakumar & Khera, 1970......Page 195 41. Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941......Page 198 42. Pratylenchus neobrachyurus Siddiqi, 1994......Page 205 43. Pratylenchus okinawaensis Minagawa, 1991......Page 208 44. Pratylenchus panamaensis Siddiqi, Dabur & Bajaj, 1991......Page 211 45. Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941......Page 215 46. Pratylenchus pinguicaudatus Corbett, 1969......Page 221 47. Pratylenchus pratensisobrinus Bernard, 1984......Page 224 48. Pratylenchus pseudocoffeae Mizukubo, 1992......Page 227 49. Pratylenchus pseudofallax Café-Filho & Huang, 1989......Page 231 50. Pratylenchus pseudopratensis Seinhorst, 1968......Page 235 51. Pratylenchus roseus Zarina & Maqbool, 1998......Page 238 52. Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner in Sherbakoff & Stanley, 1943......Page 240 53. Pratylenchus sensillatus Anderson & Townshend, 1985......Page 247 54. Pratylenchus silvaticus Brzeski, 1998......Page 250 55. Pratylenchus subpenetrans Taylor & Jenkins, 1957......Page 252 56. Pratylenchus subranjani Mizukubo, Toida, Keereewan & Yoshida, 1990......Page 255 57. Pratylenchus sudanensis Loof & Yassin, 1971......Page 259 58. Pratylenchus tenuis Thorne & Malek, 1968......Page 262 59. Pratylenchus teres Khan & Singh, 1974......Page 264 60. Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953......Page 268 61. Pratylenchus typicus Rashid, 1974......Page 274 62. Pratylenchus unzenensis Mizukubo, 1992......Page 277 63. Pratylenchus ventroprojectus Bernard, 1984......Page 280 64. Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951......Page 283 65. Pratylenchus wescolagricus Corbett, 1983......Page 288 66. Pratylenchus yamagutii Minagawa, 1991......Page 291 67. Pratylenchus yassini Zeidan & Geraert, 1991......Page 294 68. Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951......Page 296 5. Specific diagnostic differentiation......Page 302 Morphological characters used to distinguish Pratylenchus spp. in tabular and dichotomous keys......Page 303 Tabular key for the identification of Pratylenchus spp......Page 306 Key to species of Pratylenchus......Page 310 Biochemical identification......Page 316 Molecular identification......Page 318 Embryogenesis and post-embryogenesis......Page 326 Life cycle......Page 329 Epidemiology......Page 331 Soil texture......Page 334 Soil temperature......Page 335 Soil moisture......Page 336 Soil pH......Page 338 Seasonal fluctuations......Page 339 Vertical distribution......Page 340 Survival strategies......Page 342 8. Pathogenicity of Pratylenchus species......Page 346 Pathogenic variability in Pratylenchus......Page 349 Host range......Page 352 Damage thresholds of Pratylenchus spp......Page 355 Damage to herbaceous and vegetable crops......Page 358 Damage to fruit trees and woody plants......Page 364 Interactions of Pratylenchus spp. with other plant-parasitic nematodes......Page 367 Interactions of Pratylenchus spp. with bacteria......Page 369 Interactions of Pratylenchus spp. with pathogenic fungi......Page 371 Feeding behaviour and mechanism of pathogenesis......Page 376 10. Management strategies of Pratylenchus species......Page 386 Pratylenchus spp. in propagating plant material......Page 387 Crop rotation and cultural practices......Page 390 Organic amendments......Page 394 Cover crops......Page 395 Nematicidal plants......Page 397 Thermotherapy......Page 401 Host plant resistance......Page 402 Fruit trees and woody plants......Page 403 Potato and sweet potato......Page 405 Strawberries and raspberries......Page 406 Cereals and legumes......Page 407 Banana......Page 410 Other crops......Page 411 Mechanisms of resistance......Page 412 Biological control......Page 413 Bacteria and beneficial endophytic microorganisms......Page 414 Nematophagous fungi......Page 416 Pasteuria penetrans......Page 417 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi......Page 418 Chemical control......Page 421 Herbaceous and vegetable crops......Page 422 Fruit trees and woody plants......Page 426 Novel nematicide compounds......Page 427 Herbicides......Page 428 Appendix......Page 430 List of abbreviations......Page 436 References......Page 438 Subject index......Page 544

Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are recognised worldwide as one of the major constraints of crops of primary economic importance. Pratylenchus spp. comprises around 70 nominal species of worldwide distribution which parasitize a wide variety of plants. The book consists of ten chapters and presents summarised and specialised information concerning the importance of the Pratylenchus species in: agricultural crops, and their world distribution (chapter 1); taxonomy, systematic, general morphology and diagnostic traits of Pratylenchus spp. including new technologies based on biochemical and molecular analyses (chapters 2-6); biology, epidemiology, ecology, host-parasite relationships, and pathogenicity (chapters 7-9). Finally, it illustrates different management strategies for Pratylenchus species, including, crop rotation, host-plant resistance, chemical control, soil solarisation, and biological control (chapter 10).