Practices in Regional Science and Sustainable Regional Development : Experiences From the Global South

This book brings together the emerging trends and techniques incorporated in regional science during the first two decades of this millennium. The book includes systematic and analytical notes making scientific commentary on the innovative methods of regional development, measurement of the development, regional development models, and policy measures that have significant implications and wide applicability instrumental for India as well as the other global south countries. There is clear evidence in the global south of the uneven spatial distribution of resources, economic activities, literacy, and health conditions. The most striking fact is the coexistence of development and underdevelopment that makes the planning process complicated. This can hardly be explored without taking a deep insight into the matter of how the regional parameters are impacting regional society or economy to shape the development of that region. There can be no effective global policy framework that will be effective equally for each and every region to mitigate local issues of society or economy. It is here that the book integrates the efforts of practitioners working towards addressing these regional issues and striving for sustainable regional development through their innovative ideas. Through its contributions, the book addresses development issues, regional impact of climate change, social justice, migration, well-being, livelihood vulnerabilities, and regional urban-environmental issues from the standpoint of regional science. It is a significant resource for researchers of spatial science, and policy makers. Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents Editors and Contributors Abbreviations List of Figures List of Tables Regional Science and Sustainable Regional Development 1 Regional Science, Regional Planning, and the Global South 1 Introduction 2 Emergence of an Academic Discipline 3 The Foundation of Regional Science Over the Transforming Socio-Economic Landscape 4 Regional Science and Regional Planning 5 Reinstallation of Regional Science at the Centre of Regional Development Planning 6 Global South: Regional Scientists’ Vision 7 Conclusion References 2 The Role of Local Resources as Factors of Regional Development 1 Introduction 2 The Concept of Local Resources and Research Methods 3 Results 4 Discussion 5 Closing Remarks Acknowledgements References 3 Livelihood Zonation Mapping: An Unplugged Sect of Regional Science 1 Introduction 2 Conceptual Framework 3 Materials and Methods 4 Limitations 5 Exemplifying the Global South: India 5.1 Livelihood Combination 5.2 Livelihood Concentration 5.3 Livelihood Diversification 5.4 GDP Occupant Ratio 6 LZM and Policy Prospect 7 Conclusion References Sustainable Regional Development in South America 4 The Indigenous Territories and Local Sustainable Development in the Amazon Region 1 Introduction 2 Amazonian Territoriality 2.1 Evolution of Amazonian Areas Protection 2.2 Evolution of the Recognition of Indigenous Territories in the Amazon 2.3 The Andean–Amazon Region 3 Territorial Management and Governance of Indigenous Peoples 3.1 Territorial Management 3.2 Territorial Governance 3.2.1 Territoriality Ka’apor 3.2.2 Territoriality Yanomami 3.2.3 Territoriality Timbira 3.2.4 Territoriality Achuar 3.2.5 Territoriality Tikuna 3.2.6 Territoriality Piaroa 4 Amazonian Territory Pressures 4.1 Ecosystem of Amazonia 4.2 Biodiversity Loss 4.3 Effects of Deforestation and Extractive Activities on Local Livelihoods 4.4 Agricultural Land-Use Changes 5 Sustainable Development of Amazonian Territories from Indigenous People 5.1 Natural Resources of the Amazon 5.2 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources 5.3 Genetic Resources in the Amazon Bioeconomy 5.4 Economic Development in the Amazon 6 Concluding Remarks and Future Considerations References 5 Territorial Planning and Regionalization in Brazil: Empirical Consolidation and the Role of the National Development Bank 1 Initial Remarks 2 Regional Issue and Development Policies: The Brazilian Case 3 The Role of the National Bank for Economic and Social Development—BNDES in Brazil’s Regional Policies 4 Final Remarks References 6 Erosion and Coastal Structures in Brazilian Metropolises: The Case of Fortaleza and Its Inequalities 1 Introduction 2 Coastal Management in Brazil and the Coastal Erosion Prevention and Protection Guidelines 3 Fortaleza: An Artificial Coastline Over Time 3.1 The Paradox of Coastal Structures: Protect or Recover? 4 Conclusion References 7 Sustaining Port Activities Through Nature Conservation: The Case of Paraná Coast in Southern Brazil 1 Introduction 2 The Coast of Paraná: A Landscape Marked by the Production of Sediments 2.1 The Serra do Mar (Sea Ridge) 2.2 Coastal Plains 2.3 Estuaries 3 Occupation and Land Use in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and Its Drainage Area 3.1 Historical Scenario 3.2 Current Scenario 4 The Coast of Paraná: A Landscape Marked by the Production of Sediments 5 Final Considerations References 8 Urban Environmental Changes in South America: A Study on Air Pollution and Urban Heat Island over Rio de Janeiro 1 Introduction: The City and the Urban Climate 2 Study Area: The Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro (MARJ) 3 Materials and Methods 3.1 Mapping of the Areas that Concentrate More PM10: 2010–2020 3.2 Mapping of Land Surface Temperature (LST) 4 Results 4.1 Land Use and Pollutant Map 4.2 LST Mapping 4.3 NDVI and IBI Mapping 5 Conclusions References 9 Assessment of Climatic Guidelines and Urban Planning in North-Eastern Coast of Brazil 1 Introduction 2 Elaboration of the UCMaps 2.1 Base Cartographic (Layers) 3 Characterization of the Climatopes 4 Implications of UCMap for Urban Planning in Tropical Coastal Cities 4.1 General Climatic Guidelines: Lessons Learned 4.2 Specialized Climatic Guidelines 4.3 UCMaps and Master Plan 5 Conclusion Acknowledgements References Experiences from Africa 10 Aerotropolis and Urban and Regional Impacts: The Case of the King Shaka International Airport in Durban, South Africa 1 Introduction 2 Neoliberal Airport Development 3 Air Transport and Developing Countries 4 Background to KSIA Aerotropolis Development 5 Aerotropolis: Public–Private Partnerships 6 KISA—Hub or Spoke? 7 Freight and Cargo Logistics 8 Airport Taxes and Tariffs 9 Conclusion References 11 Drivers of Socioeconomic Development and Underdevelopment in Moroccan Sahara 1 Introduction 2 Geopolitical Drivers of Underdevelopment 3 Sahara Autonomy and Issues of Development 4 Drivers of Socioeconomic Development 5 Special Economic Development Drive 5.1 Sports Investment in Sahara 5.2 Bank Reforms for Rural Development 5.3 Social Development for Sahara Youth 5.4 Women Empowerment in Sahara 5.5 Diplomatic Development in Sahara 6 Post-Pandemic Development in Sahara 7 Conclusion References Indian Scenario 12 An Overview of Climate Change Over South Asia: Observations, Projections, and Recent Advances 1 Introduction 2 Climate Change Over South Asia 2.1 Information from the Past Observations 2.2 Future Projections 3 Recent Efforts Toward Understanding the Regional Climate Change 3.1 Advances in Observational and Modeling Capabilities 3.2 Advances in New Technology and Tools 4 Summary and Future Outlook References 13 Environmental Vulnerability and Women Trafficking: Exploring the Bengal Sundarban Deltaic Region of India 1 Introduction 2 Environmental Challenges in Sundarban Deltaic Region 3 Limited Livelihood Opportunities 4 Struggles for Existence—Social Disorganization 4.1 Vulnerability of Women and Girls and Trafficking 4.2 Conclusion: Undertaken Strategies and Recommended Measures References 14 Women Beyond the Politics of Presence in Urban Local Governance: Exemplifying Purulia in West Bengal, India 1 Introduction 2 Prior Works in This Domain 3 Women’s Participation in Governance: Tier-Wise Overview 3.1 Global Trend of Women’s Participation in Governance 3.2 South-East Asian Context of Women’s Participation in Governance 3.3 Current Scenario of Women’s Participation in Governance in India 3.4 Women’s Participation in Local Governance: A Reality Check of Purulia Municipality, India 4 Database and Methods Involved 4.1 Database 4.2 Methodology 5 Findings 5.1 Women Political Awareness Index (WPAI) 5.2 Women Political Empowerment Index (WPEI) 5.3 Hypothesis Testing: Applying Regression Model 5.4 Empowerment Condition: A Qualitative Study 5.4.1 Case Study 1 5.4.2 Case Study 2 6 Conclusion References 15 Spatial Analysis of the Intra-urban Quality of Life: A Study in the Darjeeling Town in India 1 Introduction 2 Dealing with One Among the Oldest Municipalities in India 3 On Calculating the QOL 3.1 Acquiring and Managing the Datasets 3.2 Fetching the Principal Components 3.3 Construction of a Composite Score Index 3.4 Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis 4 An Excerpt of the Empirical Findings 4.1 KMO and Barlett’s Test of Sphericity 4.2 Explaining the Principal Components 5 Assessing Quality of Life 6 Identification of Clusters 7 Conclusions References 16 Three Decades of Urban Dynamics in India: Exemplifying Haora Sadar Subdivision 1 Introduction 2 Study Area 3 Methods 4 Analysis of the Remote Sensing Images and Statistical Analysis 5 Perception Study of Bally and Islampur of Haora District 6 Conclusion References