Practical Quantum Computing for Developers. Programming Quantum Rigs in the Cloud using Python, Quantum Assembly Language and IBM QExperience

Write algorithms and program in the new field of quantum computing. This book covers major topics such as the physical components of a quantum computer: qubits, entanglement, logic gates, circuits, and how they differ from a traditional computer. Also, Practical Quantum Computing for Developers discusses quantum computing in the cloud using IBM QExperience including: the composer, quantum scores, experiments, circuits, simulators, real quantum devices, and more. You’ll be able to run experiments in the cloud on a real quantum device. Furthermore, this book shows you how to do quantum programming using the QISKit (Quantum Information Software Kit), Python SDK, and other APIs such as QASM (Quantum Assembly). You’ll learn to write code using these languages and execute it against simulators (local or remote) or a real quantum computer provided by IBM’s Q Experience. Finally, you’ll learn the current quantum algorithms for entanglement, random number generation, linear search, integer factorization, and others. You’ll peak inside the inner workings of the Bell states for entanglement, Grover’s algorithm for linear search, Shor’s algorithm for integer factorization, and other algorithms in the fields of optimization, and more. Along the way you’ll also cover game theory with the Magic Square, an example of quantum pseudo-telepathy where parties sharing entangled states can be observed to have some kind of communication between them. In this game Alice and Bob play against a referee. Quantum mechanics allows Alice and Bob to always win! By the end of this book, you will understand how this emerging technology provides massive parallelism and significant computational speedups over classical computers, and will be prepared to program quantum computers which are expected to replace traditional computers in the data center. What You Will Learn • Use the Q Experience Composer, the first-of-its-kind web console to create visual programs/experiments and submit them to a quantum simulator or real device on the cloud • Run programs remotely using the Q Experience REST API • Write algorithms that provide superior performance over their classical counterparts • Build a Node.js REST client for authenticating, listing remote devices, querying information about quantum processors, and listing or running experiments remotely in the cloud • Create a quantum number generator: The quintessential coin flip with a quantum twist • Discover quantum teleportation: This algorithm demonstrates how the exact state of a qubit (quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and quantum entanglement between the sender and receiver • Peek into single qubit operations with the classic game of Battleships with a quantum twist • Handle the counterfeit coin problem: a classic puzzle that consists of finding a counterfeit coin in a beam balance among eight coins in only two turns Who This Book Is For Developers and programmers interested in this new field of computing. Write algorithms and program in the new field of quantum computing. This book covers major topics such as the physical components of a quantum computer: qubits, entanglement, logic gates, circuits, and how they differ from a traditional computer. Also, Practical Quantum Computing for Developers discusses quantum computing in the cloud using IBM Q Experience including: the composer, quantum scores, experiments, circuits, simulators, real quantum devices, and more. You'll be able to run experiments in the cloud on a real quantum device. Furthermore, this book shows you how to do quantum programming using the QISKit (Quantum Information Software Kit), Python SDK, and other APIs such as QASM (Quantum Assembly). You'll learn to write code using these languages and execute it against simulators (local or remote) or a real quantum computer provided by IBM's Q Experience. Finally, you'll learn the current quantum algorithms for entanglement, random number generation, linear search, integer factorization, and others. You'll peak inside the inner workings of the Bell states for entanglement, Grover's algorithm for linear search, Shor's algorithm for integer factorization, and other algorithms in the fields of optimization, and more. Along the way you'll also cover game theory with the Magic Square, an example of quantum pseudo-telepathy where parties sharing entangled states can be observed to have some kind of communication between them. In this game Alice and Bob play against a referee. Quantum mechanics allows Alice and Bob to always win! By the end of this book, you will understand how this emerging technology provides massive parallelism and significant computational speedups over classical computers, and will be prepared to program quantum computers which are expected to replace traditional computers in the data center. What You Will Learn Use the Q Experience Composer, the first-of-its-kind web console to create visual programs/experiments and submit them to a quantum simulator or real device on the cloud Run programs remotely using the Q Experience REST API Write algorithms that provide superior performance over their classical counterparts Build a Node.js REST client for authenticating, listing remote devices, querying information about quantum processors, and listing or running experiments remotely in the cloud Create a quantum number generator: The quintessential coin flip with a quantum twist Discover quantum teleportation: This algorithm demonstrates how the exact state of a qubit (quantum information) can be transmitted from one location to another, with the help of classical communication and quantum entanglement between the sender and receiver Peek into single qubit operations with the classic game of Battleships with a quantum twist Handle the counterfeit coin problem: a classic puzzle that consists of finding a counterfeit coin in a beam balance among eight coins in only two turns Who This Book Is For Developers and programmers interested in this new field of computing. Contents......Page 3 Intro......Page 9 The World of Quantum Mechanics......Page 14 Max Planck and the Ultraviolet Catastrophe Started It All......Page 15 Bohr’s Quantum Jump......Page 17 Clash of Titans: Quantum Cats and the Uncertainty Principle......Page 18 Einstein to Bohr: God Does Not Throw Dice......Page 26 Bohr to Einstein: You Should Not Tell God What to Do......Page 27 Entanglement and the EPR Paradox: Spooky Action at a Distance......Page 28 Bell’s Inequality: A Test for Entanglement......Page 29 EPR Paradox Defeated: Bohr Has the Last Laugh......Page 31 Reality Playing Tricks on Us: Is Everything Interconnected?......Page 34 Quantum Computing......Page 35 The Transistor Is in a Collision Course with the Laws of Physics......Page 36 Five-Nanometer Transistor: Big Problem......Page 38 Quantum Scale and the Demise of the Transistor......Page 41 Enter Richard Feynman and the Quantum Computer......Page 50 The Qubit Is Weird and Awesome at the Same Time......Page 52 Quantum Computers vs. Traditional Hardware......Page 69 Pitfalls of Quantum Computers: Decoherence and Interference......Page 74 The 50-Qubit Processor and the Quest for Quantum Supremacy......Page 78 Quantum Annealing (QA) and Energy Minimization Controversy......Page 80 Universal Quantum Computation and the Future......Page 85 IBM Q Experience......Page 89 Getting Your Feet Wet with IBM Q Experience......Page 90 Opus 1: Variations on Bell and GHZ States......Page 101 Remote Access via the REST API......Page 113 A Node JS Client for the IBMQuantumExperience......Page 139 Installing the QISKit......Page 154 Qubit 101: It’s Just Basic Algebra......Page 160 Your First Quantum Program......Page 172 Quantum Assembly: The Power Behind the Scenes......Page 199 Quantum Random Number Generation......Page 204 Super Dense Coding......Page 212 Quantum Teleportation......Page 221 Fun with Quantum Games......Page 234 Quantum Battleship with a Twist......Page 235 Cloud Battleship: Modifying for Remote Access......Page 247 Game Theory......Page 293 Counterfeit Coin Puzzle......Page 294 Mermin-Peres Magic Square......Page 303 Faster Search. Asymmetric Cryptography......Page 322 Quantum Unstructured Search......Page 323 Integer Factorization with Shor’s Algorithm......Page 334 Index......Page 348