Powertrain

In this book, the reader learns the essential differences to the passenger car through the analysis divided according to assemblies. This gives him the tools to apply the detailed knowledge acquired to the design and development of competition vehicles. In the case of internal combustion engines, the focus is on performance-enhancing measures for racing vehicles. From the choice of the number of cylinders to the intake system to the exhaust system, the lever can be applied to every assembly. For electric drives, the traction battery, cell selection, cooling and operating strategy are considered in more detail. Energy recovery systems are an interesting enhancement for hybrid vehicles and all-electric powertrains, especially in strategic considerations for racing. Finally, gearboxes are needed independently of the drive source, albeit matched to it, so that the full potential can be exploited. The detailed, in-depth presentation makes this work just as suitable for the interested motorsport enthusiast as it is for the engineer in the field who is addressing the issues surrounding race car powertrains. The formula material is prepared in such a way that the book can also be used as a reference work. The content Combustion engines.- Electric drives.- Hybrid drives.- Powertrain design.- Power transmission.- Fuel system.- Electrics.- Electronic driving aids.- Comparison series-racing.- Glossary. The target group Students participating in Formula Student competitions - Designers, race engineers and private drivers who want to understand and improve their vehicle - Interested laymen who want to gain a deeper understanding of the race car system based on their knowledge of the car. The author FH-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Trzesniowski has gained over 30 years of practical experience with manufacturers and developers as a design engineer in the automotive sector. He taught at the FH Joanneum in Graz at the study course Vehicle Technology - Automotive Engineering with industrial projects, cooperations and student research projects with racing teams. He is the founder and supervisor of a successful, innovative team in the Formula Student racing series.Currently he works for a racing system supplier. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation Preface Greeting Second Edition: Racing Car Technology Handbook - Six Volumes Abbreviations, Formula Symbols and Units List of Symbols and Units Geometric Points Indices Distances in mm Angle in Masses, Weights in Kg Forces in N Torques and Moments in Nm Dimensionless Key Figures Other Sizes Other Abbreviations Contents 1: Combustion Engines 1.1 Fundamentals 1.2 Choice of Engine 1.3 Losses 1.4 Modules 1.4.1 Cylinder Head 1.4.2 Valve Train 1.4.3 Cranktrain 1.4.4 Crankshaft 1.4.5 Crankcase 1.4.6 Intake System (Induction System) 1.4.7 Exhaust System 1.4.8 Lubricating Oil Supply 1.4.9 Cooling System 1.5 Special Features of Racing Engines 1.5.1 Engine Start 1.6 Fuels, Coolants and Lubricants 1.6.1 Fuels 1.6.2 Lubricants 1.6.3 Coolant 1.7 Examples of Engines References 2: Electric Drives 2.1 Fundamentals 2.2 Drive Configurations 2.3 Electric Motors 2.3.1 Basics 2.3.2 Types of Motors 2.3.3 Choice of Motors 2.3.4 Cooling 2.4 Energy Storage 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 Forms of Electrochemical Storage (Configuration of Accumulators) 2.4.3 Cooling System 2.4.4 Types of Batteries 2.4.5 Selection 2.5 Charging [24] 2.6 Power Electronics 2.6.1 Overview 2.6.2 Cooling 2.6.3 Motor Control 2.7 Safety 2.8 Special Features in Racing References 3: Hybrid Drives 3.1 Types of Hybrid Drives 3.2 Energy Recovery: Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS) 3.3 Energy Storage 3.3.1 Battery 3.3.2 Capacitors 3.3.3 Flywheel 3.3.4 Hydraulic Storage System 3.4 Examples of Hybrid Drives References 4: Calculation of the Drive Train 4.1 Power Demand 4.2 Gear Diagram and Tractive Effort Diagram 4.3 Drivetrain Overview 4.4 Gear Ratios References 5: Power Transmission 5.1 Function 5.2 Clutch 5.2.1 Types of Clutches 5.2.2 Choice of Clutch Size 5.2.3 Clutch Actuation 5.3 Gearbox 5.3.1 Mechanical Gearbox 5.3.2 Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) 5.3.3 Final Drive (Axle Drive) 5.4 Differential 5.4.1 Introduction 5.4.2 Types of Construction 5.5 Shaft 5.5.1 Drive Shafts (Prop(Eller) Shafts) 5.5.2 Sideshafts, Half Shaft (AE: Axle Shafts) 5.5.3 Materials 5.5.4 Shaft Joints (Universal Joints) 5.6 All-Wheel Drive 5.6.1 Basics 5.6.2 Racing 5.6.3 Types of Construction 5.7 Examples References 6: Fuel System 6.1 Requirements and Overview 6.2 Fuel Tank 6.2.1 Size 6.2.2 Arrangement 6.2.3 Construction Types 6.3 Connections 6.4 Fuel Lines 6.5 Fuel Pump References 7: Electrical System 7.1 Wiring Overview 7.2 Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 7.3 Battery 7.4 Generator (Alternator) 7.5 Leads and Connectors 7.6 Fuses 7.7 Switches 7.8 Circuit Diagram References 8: Electronic Driver Aids 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Active Systems 8.2.1 Manual Systems 8.2.2 Automatic Systems 8.3 Passive Systems References 9: Comparison Series: Racing 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Development Process 9.3 Development Goals 9.4 Research and Development (R&D) 9.5 Costs 9.6 Environmental Protection 9.7 Technology 9.7.1 Frame and Body 9.7.2 Engine 9.7.3 Power Train 9.7.4 Suspension References Appendix Glossary References Index